Discuss about the Turkey Environment is Feasible for Business Environment.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the cultural aspects of a chosen country. Here, the chosen country is Turkey. Therefore, a brief cultural comparison between Singapore and UK has been conducted in this report. Culture of an individual represents the knowledge, believe and moral values (Mazanec et al., 2015). In case of culture of a country, the description remains same. It represents the value, behavior and knowledge of people. Now cultural value of every country is different from each other. Therefore, in international business, it is highly important to understand cultural preference of the host country. It helps to satisfy the consumers according to their needs and demands.
The chosen country for this report is Turkey, which is an Asia pacific developing country. The business environment of this country is healthy and therefore, choosing this country would help to understand the cultural different with the home country in an effective manner (Mack, 2015). However, the major barriers for business organization in this country are access to tax, finance and political instability. Turkey is highly diverse in terms of cultural background and therefore, it would be easy to analyze the cultural background of this country. As this country is feasible for international business, it would help to understand the critical success factor of the organizations (Alomar, Wanick & Wills, 2016). Apart from that, Turkey is a developing country and therefore, demands of products and services are very high.
In order to analyze the cultural background of Turkey, it would be beneficial to utilize the Hofstede’s Cultural Dimension model. According to this model, the cultural background of a country can be analyzed in six dimensions. The dimensions arte “power distance”, “Individualism”, “Masculinity”, “Uncertainty Avoidance”, Long-Term Orientation” and “Indulgence” (Desmarchelier & Fang, 2016). Hofstede has mentioned these dimensions to measure the cultural background of the country. However, this model has many more utilities for the organizations those are interested in international expansion (Bishop et al., 2016). Following is the analysis of Turkey’s cultural background by using the 6-D model of Greet Hofstede.
Power Distance: This dimension of Hofstede’s model identifies the extent in which the people believe in inequality. According to Hofstede, not all individual of a society are equal. This dimension defines the extent in which individuals of a society accept inequality (Rahimi, 2015). In case of Turkey, the score of this dimension is high (66). Therefore, it can be said that people believes that power is not equally distributed. In business, leaders control the workforce by giving work orders. Therefore, it can be said that innovation within the workforce is a bit low in this country.
Individualism: This dimension of Hofstede’s model determined whether the society believes in individualism or not. In case of individualism, people look after their own community rather than other people. On the other hand, people collectivist society belongs to a specific group. In this dimension, Turkey scores only 37, which makes the country a collectivist society (Brown, Kingsley & Paterson, 2015). Therefore, people believe in working as a team rather than working as an individual. If business perspective is being considered, workforce of this country is good team performer. Apart from that, moral value of people is their priority rather than short-term benefits.
Masculinity: This dimension determines that whether the society is driven by competitiveness or not. For example, if people believe in competition, then the score of this dimension would be high. On the other hand, the score will be low, if people do not believe in competition. In case of Turkey, the score of this dimension is 45, which is moderate. Therefore, it can be said that people are not that competitive here (Rahimi, 2015). As a result, the market competition in Turkey is lower than other developing countries. The reason behind this low score is somehow the high PDI score. People here avoid conflict with each other when conducting business or in case of personal relationship as well.
Uncertainty Avoidance: This dimension of Hofstede’s model determines the extent in which people believe that they cannot know the future. Apart from that, this dimension also determines the extent in which they believe that future can be controlled or not (Ferraro & Brody, 2015). A high value of this dimension shows that people feel threatened by the certain change in situation. On the other hand, a low score in this dimension determines that people are ready to fight against uncertain environmental change in society. In case of Turkey, the score is very high (Koseoglu, Akdeve & Craft, 2015). Therefore, it can be said that people feel threatened by the certain changes and therefore, government of this country should implement a range of legal framework in order to reduce anxiety level of people.
Long-term Orientation: This dimension of Hofstede’s model determines determined the extent in which people think for long-term business venture. A high value of this dimension determines the extent in which people think for long-term benefits (Åžahin, Duman & Gürses 2015). On the other hand, a low value of this dimension shows that people just think for short-term benefits rather than planning for future. In case of Turkey, the score of this dimension is 46, which means people think about short-term benefits and therefore they like to be in dominant culture. The traditional procedures of business is preferred by people rather than accepting the impact of globalization.
Indulgence: This dimension of Hofstede’s model determines the extent in which people are socialized. A high degree of this dimension shows that people are socialized in nature and communicate with the outside world in order to be updated (Duygulu et al., 2015). On the other hand, a low value of this dimension shows that people need to stay apart from the society. In case of Turkey, the score of this dimension is 49, which is a moderate one. Therefore, it can be said that people are socialized, but the score of being more socialized is high for this country.
In order to analyze the business culture of a country, it is highly important to focus on some specific characteristics such as business communication, business meeting etiquette, business etiquette, student placement, work-life balance, cost of living and social media guidance in business (Ozdasli, 2015).
Business communication: In order to understand business communication of a country, it is highly important to assess the basic communication style of people. In Turkey, people greet each other before starting conversation. They believe in politeness while communicating with people. In case of verbal communication, People of Turkey believe that the first impression matters (Collins, 2015). Therefore, a polite communication would help to conduct efficient business in this market. Similarly, Singapore is a mixed culture country, where four different languages such as Mandarin Chinese, Malaya, English and Tamil used to communicate. English is the globally accepted business language in this country. Mutual comprehension is the necessary factor for building business communication in this country.
Business etiquette: In business, people in Turkey are very punctual in nature. They believe in traditional procedures while conducting business dwellings. As discussed earlier, people in this country are polite in nature, it is important to be in proper dress code while conducting business with them (Mazanec et al., 2015). Apart from that, in order to conduct business in this market, an organization should pay close attention to the customer relation. They should not engage any marketing campaign, which harms their cultural values. Similar goes with the Singapore; here, people maintain decent business etiquette. Punctuality in business dealings is a necessary factor in this country (Mack, 2015). People in this country greet other people in traditional manner. However, the younger people are deviated from the traditional practices.
Work-life balance: In Turkey, the organizations do not have any written policy for maintaining work-life balance. However, organizations maintain some unwritten practices in order to reduce unnecessary work pressure of the workforce. Research has reveled that Turkish men spend low domestic time in contrast with the women (Alomar, Wanick & Wills, 2016). The guilt over responsibilities noted among the women and therefore, they face difficulties in terms of work-life balance. On the other hand, work-life balance in Singapore is poor that other countries. High cost of living is one of the major reasons for which people work for long hours. It prevents the workforce from spending domestic time.
In order to enter in Turkey market, an organization should understand preferences of people. It will help the company to understand the consumers’ demands as well as employees’ requirements (Desmarchelier & Fang, 2016). Analyzing Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions would help the organizations to understand how they should build organizational policies and procedures for both consumers and employees. In this cultural model, six dimensions that an organization should analyze in order to conduct sustainable business. Following are the analysis of these dimensions based on Turkey’s cultural aspects.
Power Distance: According to the Hofstede’s cultural theory, score of this dimension for Turkey is high. It means, people in this country believes in hierarchy rather than equal distribution of power. Therefore, an organization should have an appropriate leadership approach in order to have good command over the workforce (Bishop et al., 2016). A foreign company should evaluate the workforce in order to understand their abilities. In this country, people need a good direction in order to achieve a set of objectives. Therefore, understanding employees’ ability would allow the leaders to lead the workforce in an efficient manner.
Individualism: According to this cultural model, the score of this dimension is low. It means people in this society believe in collectivism. In order to expand business in this kind of society, an organization needs to build good relationship with their employees and consumers. People in this community are driven by emotional attachment (Rahimi, 2015). Therefore, an organization should focus on employee engagement in order to increase employee retention. Moreover, it will also increase performance of the workforce in an effective manner. Apart from that, emotional marketing is required in order to attract the consumers.
Masculinity: This dimension of Hofstede’s cultural dimension shows that Turkey is not a competitive market. Here, people believe in low conflict in business sectors. Therefore, it would be difficult for the organizations to gain competitive advantages (Brown, Kingsley & Paterson, 2015). However, an organization should encourage fair trade in order to conduct sustainable business in Turkish market.
Uncertainty Avoidance: In case of Turkey, people face difficulties with uncertain situation. They feel threatened by the certain change. Therefore, an organization should implement effective policies and procedures for protecting future threats (Rahimi, 2015). The policies and procedure should secure health and wellbeing of the workforce. Apart from that, work-life balance is another policy that an organization should implement.
Long-term Orientation: This dimension of Hofstede’s cultural model shows that people in this country think about short-term benefits rather than long-term benefits. In order to conduct in such business environment, an organization should implement marketing strategies for achieving short-term organizational objectives (Ferraro & Brody, 2015). In this manner, it will be possible for the organization to fulfill overall organizational objectives in an efficient manner.
Indulgence: This dimension of Hofstede’s cultural model shows that in which extent people are socialized. The score of Turkey in this dimension is low. Therefore, it would be difficult for an organization to conduct sustainable business, because social media marketing would not help the organization to promote their offerings (Åžahin, Duman & Gürses, 2015). Therefore, the organization should utilize newspaper advertisement and other platform for advertisement in order to promote their offerings.
Conclusions
While concluding, it can be said that Turkey is a mixed cultural environment. People in this country believe that punctuality is the key to success in business. The reason behind choosing this country is high demands of goods and services. In order to analyze the cultural aspects of Turkey and Singapore, Hofstede’s cultural model has been utilized in this report. The analysis of Hofstede’s cultural model shows that Turkey is one of the most viable markets for conducting sustainable business.
References
Alomar, N., Wanick, V., & Wills, G. (2016). The design of a hybrid cultural model for Arabic gamified systems. Computers in Human Behavior, 64, 472-485.
Bishop, H., Hoang, D. T., Boone, C., & Steinberg, D. H. (2016, January). CUSTOMER SERVICE & HOFSTEDE’S CULTURAL DIMENSIONS IN CHINA & THE USA AMONG ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS PROFESSIONALS. In Allied Academies International Conference. Academy of Management Information and Decision Sciences. Proceedings (Vol. 20, No. 1, p. 2). Jordan Whitney Enterprises, Inc.
Brown, P., Kingsley, J., & Paterson, S. (2015). The Fear-free Organization: Vital Insights from Neuroscience to Transform Your Business Culture. Kogan Page Publishers.
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Duygulu, E., Ozeren, E., Bagiran, D., Appolloni, A., & Mavisu, M. (2015). Gaining insight into innovation culture within the context of R&D centres in Turkey. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 19(1-2), 117-146.
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Mack, J. W. (2015). Power, Collectivism, and the Failure of the 1911 Revolution: A Cultural Analysis.
Mazanec, J. A., Crotts, J. C., Gursoy, D., & Lu, L. (2015). Homogeneity versus heterogeneity of cultural values: An item-response theoretical approach applying Hofstede’s cultural dimensions in a single nation. Tourism Management, 48, 299-304.
Ozdasli, M. L. K. (2015). Influence of Social Culture on Decision-Making Manner in Turkey: An Analysis with the Structural Equation Model.Anthropologist, 19(2), 341-353.
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