Australia is one of the driest continents on the Planet Earth. The Australian states are continuously working on managing long term sustainability of water resources. They are continuously working on the deployment of rain water harvesting system for the management of water supply. The industrialization explosion has cut off the water supply in the country to a large extent. The growing scarcity of water should be resolved at first hand to sustain life on the planet (Alam, Upendra, Shirley, 2015). The variation in the climatic condition and atmospheric pressure are the major hazard for the natural calamities to occur in the region. The Major dams of Australia are gets suffered from the problem of droughts and flood in their region. The water experts have to look on the challenges and issues which the country faced in managing the rising demand of the water supply due to the population and industrial explosion. The water experts are looking forward to develop the strategies for using the storm water and ocean water by reusing it.
In this Paper, we are looking forward to investigate the potentials of rain water harvesting system by making comparison between the harvesting system implemented in the Melbourne and Adelaide. The city of Melbourne is having strong infrastructure for storm water infrastructure. It helps in reducing the chance of flood to occur in the local region. The rainwater harvesting mechanisms are employed on the roof tops of the building for drainage into the underground water system. The Adelaide is having the meditterranean climate with effective moderate annual rainfall. The sustainable program of water management for the capital city of south Australia have developed rain water harvesting system with the inclusion of roof, dams, and ponds.
In this paper, we will study the comparative analysis of the rain water harvesting system employed in the Melbourne and Adelaide in Australia for preserving sustainability of water.
The following Map of Australia shows the Annual rainfall received by the region:
In the investigation of the comparative study on Melbourne and Adelaide rain water harvesting system we are focusing on the rain water tanks which are placed on the roof top of the building (Infrastructure Victoria Report, 2016). The water stored in the tanks can be used for washing, gardening, and other domestic purposes. The utilization of rain water helps in saving 40 % of the drinking water of the Australia Continent. It means that 92,000 litres of water get saved with the effective management of rain water system. The rain waters tanks are deployed on the roof tops of the building which is used for collecting rainwater which can be used for irrigation purpose (Herbert and Workman, 2012). The following figure shows how the rain water tanks are implemented for the irrigation purpose.
The rainwater tanks are used for harvesting the precipitation of the clouds which can be used for domestic and the irrigation purposes. The rainwater tanks are available in various structure and material which are classified below:
Concrete Tanks: The concrete tanks are used for the underground installation for the purpose of rainwater harvesting used for rain water harvesting. There is one drawback of concrete tanks that the water stored in it gets alkaline with the passage of time.
Metal Tanks: These tanks are less costly than the concrete tanks and placed above the ground for storing rain water. Galvanised steel is used for fabricating the tanks. The drawback of metal tanks is that they are rust prone (Moglia, Tjandraatmaadja, Delbridge, Gulizia, Sharma, Butler, Gan, and Pollard, 2015).
Polythene Tanks: They are the most popular rain water harvesting tanks because they are lightweight and easily carried out to the distinct places. The installation of these tanks is very easy and can be moulded into any shape according to the requirement of the place.
Bladdder Tanks: The bladder tanks have a flexible membrane for installation in the irregular spaces. The underground framework is required for preventing movement of the Bladder tanks installed for collecting rain water. It is good for the small plots and house hold domestic purposes.
Round Corrugated tanks: These tanks are having strong strength o remain in shape and size. They are of two types which are categorised as small round tanks and large round tanks. The capacity of small round tanks is to store 1000 to 9500 litres of water. The capacity of large round tanks are used for storing 10000 to 46800 litres of water (Mitchell, Mein, McMohan, 2013).
Slimline Water tanks: These tanks are used for industrial purposes
Underground water tanks: The capacity of the underground water tanks is about 1600 litres to 5000 litres of water (Molloy, Helm, and Dillon, 2009).
The major concern with the deployment of the rain water harvesting system in the Melbourne and Adelaide is to manage the deficiency of water which can occurred due to the variation in the climatic condition and atmospheric pressure of the area which is taken under research study (Furlong, 2015). There are different techniques and methods are available for storing rain water for making use in the domestic and irrigation purposes. The rainwater techniques are divided into two types micro catchment and macro catchment. The micro catchment is used for deploying the rain water system for small farms and roof tops system. The on-farm micro catchment can be done through contour ridges, small pits, runoff stripes, small run off basins, Inter row system, and counter bench terrace. The macro catchment is deployed with the inclusion of wadi-bed system and off-wadi bed system. The wadi bed system is used for developing a rain water harvesting system for small-farm reservoirs, wadi bed cultivation, and jessour whereas off wadi bed system is used for water spreading large bunds, cisterns, and hillside conducts (Komeh, Memarian, and Tajbakhsh, 2017).
The agricultural rainwater harvesting is used for irrigation purposes for the agricultural land for increasing the productivity. 80% of the rain water is used for gardening and irrigation purposes. The micro-catchment is the preferred technique used for rain water storing for making use in agricultural purposes. The artificial storage are used for managing the water table of the underground water system (Goyder Institute, 2016). The plastic tanks are the preferred choice for storing the rain water in the underground pits of the agricultural farms.
The rooftops of the building is used for managing rain water in the tanks mounted on the levelled area of the roof (Wallbridge and Gillbert, 2014). The large amount of water can be stored in the rain water tanks which is having the capacity of 5000 Litres of water. The cemented tanks are the preferred choice for managing the rain water.
The Aim of this paper is to study the comparative analysis of the rain water harvesting system employed in the Melbourne and Adelaide in Australia for preserving sustainability of water. The focus should also be given on the variation of the climate, daily water balance model and other.
The objective of this paper is to determine
The evaluation of saving water through rainwater harvesting program in Melbourne and Adelaide.
Reliability of the undertaken strategy
Variation in the climatic condition of Australia
Amount of water used
From the literature review, we have concluded that rain water harvesting plays an important role in the water sustainability in the Australia continent. The Australian states are continuously working on managing long term sustainability of water resources. They are continuously working on the deployment of rain water harvesting system for the management of water supply. The industrialization explosion has cut off the water supply in the country to a large extent (Meyer, Pezzaniti, Kemp,Chavoshi, Montazeri, Sharma, Chacko, Hewa, Tjandraatmaadja, and Cook, 2013). The growing scarcity of water should be resolved at first hand to sustain life on the planet. The State government of Melbourne and Adelaide are working hard for making people aware about the importance of water in their region. The variation in climatic condition and atmospheric pressures raises the concern for managing water table in the underground water. The Melbourne and Adelaide are mostly experiences the condition and droughts and storms. There is a vast difference between the average rainfall of Melbourne and Adelaide. The average rainfall of Melbourne is about 650 MM whereas the average rainfall of Adelaide is about 80 mm.
The analysis of the climatic condition of Melbourne helps in predicting that the temperature of the Melbourne depends on the classification of oceanic climate. The hottest temperature which has been recorded for the Melbourne is 46.4 degree centigrade, coldest temperature is about -2 degree centigrade, hottest minimum temperature recorded is 30.5 degree centigrade, coldest maximum temperature recorded is 4.4 degree centigrade, and Average rainfall of the area is 650 mm.
The analysis of the climatic condition of Adelaide helps in predicting that the temperature of the Adelaide is equipped with dry summer. The hottest temperature which has been recorded for the Adelaide is 46.1 degree centigrade, coldest temperature is about -0.4 degree centigrade, hottest minimum temperature recorded is 33.9 degree centigrade, coldest maximum temperature recorded is 8.3 degree centigrade, and Average rainfall of the area is 80 mm.
From the above analysis we can conclude that there is less variation in the climatic condition but the major difference can be noted in the Average rainfall of Melbourne and Adelaide. The analysis of the average rainfall helps in predicting that it is required for Adelaide more to acquire rainwater harvesting techniques for managing sustainability of the location.
The rain water is used for managing the sustainability of the water table content in the Melbourne and Adelaide. The economic growth of the area can be enhanced with the management of supply and demand of rainwater. The rainwater harvested at the roof tops of the building carrying out domestic purpose and managing house hold. The domestic rainwater harvesting for micro catchment is used for handling irrigation management effectively (Victorian Government Initiatives, 2010). The variation in the tank size and quality is used for handling the adequate amount of rain water such as 1000 Litre to 46000 litres. The location of Melbourne is more feasible for collecting rainwater because the average rainfall of Melbourne is more than the Adelaide. The investigation on the rain water harvesting mechanism helps in evaluating the impact on water table and sustainability of the physical condition of Melbourne and Adelaide. The water experts are contributing their efforts for achieving water sustainable program to resolve the issue of dryness in their area.
The rain water harvesting program is organized for the micro and macro catchment for water content. The sustainability of the water can be achieved with the implementation of rain water harvesting program in the Melbourne and Adelaide region. The different methods are used for harvesting of rain water in the local surrounding of the agricultural field. The accuracy of the container used for storing the rain water with the implementation of Ripple methods. The ripple method is used for irrigating the agricultural land of Melbourne and Adelaide (Biggs, Ryan, Wiseman, Larsen, 2009). The rainwater accumulation potential is used for measuring the climatic variation in the Melbourne region which is in between 0.7 to 0.9 mm. The reliability of the rain water harvesting program implemented in the Melbourne and Adelaide for sustaining water table can be measured with the deployment of Daily water balanced model. The economic condition of Melbourne and Adelaide can be increased with the increase in the production of agricultural yield by having proper irrigation facility due to the incorporation of rain water harvesting technique (Australian Research Council, 2014). There is a conflict in the deployment of rain water harvesting technique in the Adelaide and Melbourne due to the difference in climatic condition and the average rainfall of the area.
The water collectors are used for storing the average rainfall received by the Melbourne and Adelaide in their surrounding area. The performance of the rain water system can be estimated by measuring the readings of water system on the daily and monthly basis. The water is collected in the pits from the surface and ground during the rainfall in the particular region of the state. The amount of rainfall received can be used for domestic purposes. The Melbourne make use of rain water harvesting techniques for the development of the residential building in the area. The plastic tanks are mostly preferred for rain water harvesting management system in the surrounding area because they are flexible in size and installed according to the available space. The cement tanks are developed on the roof tops of the building during the construction program for storing the rain water in the locality. The rain water stored at the roof can be used for handling domestic purpose of the residential people such as gardening, flushing of toilets, and etc. It is advantegous to use the techniques of rain water harvesting because it is less contaminated and have no adverse effect on the human health. The management of water table helps in reducing the level of pollutant in the water of river beds.
The size of the tank is used for measuring the amount of rain water stored which can be used for managing irrigation and domestic purposes. The benefits of the rain water depend upon the amount of water stored in tanks. The area of the roof top helps in measuring the size of the tank which can be installed on the roof of the building. The precipitation of the rainfall depends on the climatic condition of the Melbourne and Adelaide. The spread sheet is used for entering the data recorded in the Daily water balanced model which is deployed for measuring the record of the rainfall. The analysis of the rainfall record depends on the size of the tank used for storing the rain water and the water used for irrigation and other domestic purposes.
The Daily water balanced model is used for recording the data related to the daily rainfall occurred in the Melbourne and Adelaide. The factors responsible for the daily water balanced model are data of daily rainfall, roof area where the rain water system is harvested, loss of the rainfall water, volume of the storage tank, overflow of the tank, demand of rainwater for managing house hold activities, reliability of the rain water tanks to face the different climatic condition of the Melbourne and Adelaide. The reliability test should be applied on the roof size equivalent to 150-250 metre squares and size of the tank is equivalent to 5000 to 10000 litre capacity of the tanks used. The installation of the daily water balanced model is helpful in calculating the maximum benefits which can be taken from the stored water in the taken by using the stored water for industrial and domestic purpose. The reliability of the tank depends on the capacity and quality of the tank to face the variation in the climatic condition of Melbourne and Adelaide. The size of the tank gives the clear idea about the reliability. From the analysis and literature review, we have analysed that the 10000 litre tank is more reliable than 5000 or 7000 litre tank because the stored water can be effectively used for irrigation and domestic purposes. The requirement of the tank capacity is directly proportional to the average rainfall occurred in that area. The average annual rainfall of Melbourne is 650 mm therefore it requires larger tanks for balancing the rain water which get accumulated in the locality. The average annual rainfall of Adelaide is about 80mm therefore it requires smaller tanks for balancing the rain water. The 100% reliability can be achieved by placing large size water tanks because they cover large surface area which results in less loss of water in th surrounding during the course of rain occurred in the region (Sterren, Rahman, Dennis, 2013).
Study Area
Melbourne:
The Melbourne is the second largest city of Australia which experiences the oceanic climate and variation in the weather and atmospheric pressure. The average annual rainfall of the city is 650 mm. This is called as power house of commercial farming. The Large amount of agricultural yield is produce from Melbourne. 8694 Km. Sq. is the area of Australia which is covered by Melbourne. The analysis of the climatic condition of Melbourne helps in predicting that the temperature of the Melbourne depends on the classification of oceanic climate. The hottest temperature which has been recorded for the Melbourne is 46.4 degree centigrade, coldest temperature is about -2 degree centigrade, hottest minimum temperature recorded is 30.5 degree centigrade, coldest maximum temperature recorded is 4.4 degree centigrade, and Average rainfall of the area is 650 mm. The following graph shows the average annual rainfall of Melbourne. From the graph, we can analyse that the sufficient amount of rainfall is received by Melbourne in nearly every month.
Adelaide:
Adelaide is the capital city of South Australia. It is having 61% of the humid climate with around 21 degree centgrde weather temperature. The analysis of the climatic condition of Adelaide helps in predicting that the temperature of the Adelaide is equipped with dry summer. The hottest temperature which has been recorded for the Adelaide is 46.1 degree centigrade, coldest temperature is about -0.4 degree centigrade, hottest minimum temperature recorded is 33.9 degree centigrade, coldest maximum temperature recorded is 8.3 degree centigrade, and Average rainfall of the area is 80 mm. The following graph shows the average annual rainfall in the Adelaide. From May to June the rate of precipitation is high than in the winter months i.e. from November to March.
The Daily water model is used for preparing the spread sheet of estimation of daily rainfall data, accumulated in the roof tops, used for domestic purpose, loss of water from surroundings, waste of water due to evaporation and overflow condition, and others. The content of the spread sheet are which will be prepared by deploying daily water balanced model are categorised as follows:
Amount of water collected at the roof top
Amount of water stored in the tank with regards to the capacity of the tank
Amount f water overflow from the tank
Maximum inflow capacity of the tank
Cumulative calculation for particular day
Amount of water used for domestic purposes
Number of days when the rain does not occur
Total Precipitation occurred for an year
Total quantity of water preserved for the year
Reliability criteria which is taken consideration
Calculation of seasonality variation index
Calculation of weekly variation index
The calculation of the spread sheet data helps in analysing the amount of data which is stored from the rain water harvesting can be used in performing domestic work and industrial irrigatin purposes.
The data is based on one meteorological year which is taken under consideration to note down the amount of rainfall received by the Melbourne and Adelaide for the 365 days to get the clear analysis of the comparison between the rain water harvesting system laid down by them. The measurement of the output of daily water balanced model implemented helps in measuring the effectiveness of the rain water harvesting system in Melbourne and Adelaide. The Average rainfall of Melbourne is 650 mm and Adelaide is 80mm.
The seasonality index is used for measuring the variation occurs in the climatic condition of the research undertaken. The precipitation occurred during the selected meteorological year should be calculated by the following formula:
The range of the seasonality index can be predicted from the table below:
|
Value of Seasonality Index |
Occurrence of Precipitation |
|
Below 0.18 |
When the rainfall in the area occurs throughout the area |
|
Between 0.19 to 0.38 |
When the precipitation occurred for the definite period of time |
|
Between 0.39 to 0.58 |
When the rainfall occurs for the short duration of time |
|
0.59 to 0.78 |
When the rainfall occurs for the very short period of time |
|
0.79 to 0.98 |
When the limited precipitation occurred for the long duration of season |
|
0.99 to 1.18 |
When the precipitation occurred after every three months. |
The seasonality index of Melbourne is 0.14 whereas seasonality index of Adelaide is 0.34. It means that the average rainfall of Melbourne occurs throughout the year as the value of the seasonality index is less than 0.18 whereas the rainfall occurred in the Adelaide for a the definite period of time i.e. summer because the seasonality index is less than 0.38.
Comparison of Water Savings
The growing scarcity of water should be resolved at first hand to sustain life on the planet. The State government of Melbourne and Adelaide are working hard for making people aware about the importance of water in their region. The variation in climatic condition and atmospheric pressures raises the concern for managing water table in the underground water. The analysis of saving the water on the roof top of area 200 m.sq can be correlated from th graph below. The demand and supply of the water can be managed through the accumulated rain water on the roof top area of the selected location. 90 KL is the maximum capacity of the Melbourne rain water harvesting system. 400 L/D is the amount of water supplied by the 10,000 litre capacity of the tank. 200 L/D is the amount of water supplied by the 2,500 litre capacity of the tank. 50 Kilo litre is water saved by the Adelaide whereas 70 Litres can be preserved by the Melbourne for making use of water in the domestic and the industrial purposes. Different capacity of the tank can saved different amount of rain water. The capacity of the tank is directly proportional to the water preserved for carrying out house hold activities. The 85 KL is the average preserving of the rain water in the water stored in the rain water harvesting tank.
The graph is developed for measuring the reliability of the water stored in the roof top of having varying sizes of the rain water tank used for preserving the water. The amount of surface area covered by the tank will result in less loss of water in the surrounding which increases the reliability of the projected rain water tank. The 10000 Litre tank is more reliable than the 2500 litre tank. The reliability rate of Melbourne is near about 75% whereas the reliability rate of the Adelaide is 20% less than the Adelaide which is nearly 50%.
The 5000 litre tank which is equipped in the roof top is capable of managing demand of 200 litre for managing domestic household activities. 40 Kilo litre of the demand can be managed by the rain water collected through the harvesting mechanism in Melbourne. 35 Kilo litre of the demand can be managed by the rain water collected at the roof top in Adelaide. The growth of increase is directly proportional to the capacity of the tank which is equivalent to 5000 Litre. The area of the roof is around 200 m.sq. to 300m.sq.
The analysis of the 5000 litre tanks helps in measuring the reliability which is equivalent to 60%. The reliability of the water preserved can be improved with the deployment of high capacity water tank. The Micro catchment area can be used for preserving the water accumulated in the roof of the building top which is taken under consideration. The continuous reliability of the preservation of the rain water can be increased by increasing the amount of area used for storage. The demand value of the water required for domestic and irrigation is approximated about 37%.
The rain water harvested tanks are deployed on the area of 100m2 in Adelaide and Melbourne. The comparative study helps in analysing the difference in the water saved from the surrounding area. The 5000 litre tank stored at the roof top is applicable managing the 45 litre of water requirement in the Adelaide whereas 56 litre in Melbourne. The 10000 litre tank is capable of managing the requirement of 58 Kl in Melbourne and 63 KL in Adelaide. The 35% of the daily requirement for domestic use can be resolved with the implementation of 5000 litre tank in the 100m2 roof area.
The reliability of preserving water is directly proportional to the size of tank used for storing the water. The increasing size of the water tank are more reliable than the smaller size tank. For example, the tank size of 10000 litre capacity id capable of preserving the rain water up to 87%. The 5000 Litre capacity tank is capable of preserving 68% of water in Melbourne and 56% in Adelaide. The increase in the litre of the tank will increase the consistency of the proposed rain water tank mounted on the roof top. The utilization of rain water helps in saving 40 % of the drinking water of the Australia Continent. It means that 92,000 litres of water get saved with the effective management of rain water system. The rain waters tanks are deployed on the roof tops of the building which is used for collecting rainwater which can be used for irrigation purpose.
The water structure for different cities can be measured from the following graph which is developed with the research study on Melbourne, Adelaide, Sydney, Darwin, Brisbane, and Perth. The graph helps in explaining the correlation between different cities with respect to their average annual rainfall which they receive throughout the Meteorological year which is taken under consideration.
Comparison of Reliability for different cities
The reliability of the different cities can be measured on the basis of water preserved from the rain water harvesting procedures and the amount of water capable of managing household and irrigation purpose. The productivity of the Agricultural land can be enhanced through the utilization of rain water accumulated in the storage pits. The storage tanks can be placed over the roof or under the ground. The domestic using of the water can be done by water stored at the roof and the irrigation purposes can be solved through the water stored under the ground in concrete and plastic tank.
From the analysis of the above result of the research study on the Adelaide and Melbourne rain water harvesting system helps in evaluating that the productivity of the agricultural land of the Melbourne majorly depends on the supply of water stored in the underground rain water tanks because the annual rainfall of the Melbourne is 650 mm. The precipitation is nearly the same throughout the year in Melbourne. The rain water stored in the Adelaide is used for managing the domestic requirement of the people because there is a limited supply rain throughout the year. The rate of precipitation is high during summers due to the increase in humidity level. The average rainfall of the Adelaide is about 80mm. The comparative analysis on the Melbourne and Adelaide helps in analysing that nearly 70% of the domestic requirement of the people can be managed by the rain water harvesting system in Melbourne and nearly 45 % of the domestic requirement can be managed of the people in Adelaide. The investigation of the rainfall analysis and the associated implementation of the rainwater harvesting system helps in analysing the amount of water preserved in the storage units of the system. The 5000 litre water tank can able to manage the supply of 63% s Melbourne and 56% in Adelaide. The deman of the water supplied is directly proportional to the capacity of the water tank which is adopted for storing the rain water. The study was conducted with 5000Litre capacity of the water tank. The reliability of the rain water depends upon the amount of water stored in the tank.
The advantage of deploying the rain water system in the Melbourne and Adelaide is due to the dryness of the region. The region gets limited amount of rainfall in their area. The balance can be developed in maintaining the irrigation requirement of the water. The new standards should be developed for managing the water supply to handle the domestic purposes of the local people. The health condition of the local people gets improved due to the lowering down of pollution level in the nearby surrounding area. The deployment of the rain water tanks should be deployed according to the available space. The most preferred rain water tank is plastic tanks because they can be installed according to the amount of space available. The promotion of awareness program should be conducted for managing the storm water and the rainwater in the region of Adelaide and Melbourne. The well-established arrangement of 5000 litre capacity of the tank in 400 m2 area is capable of managing domestic requirement up to 63% in Melbourne and 56% in Adelaide. The rain water harvesting system is act as an artificial reservoir created for the local people to manage their domestic and irrigation requirement according to the availability of the water in the water tank. The Micro Catchment system are incorporated for getting effective result of rain water harvesting system for farming and house hold requirement. The plastic tanks are more preferred in Adelaide region due to the limited space of roof area where as cemented tanks are more preferred in Melbourne as it get flooded with storm, and other natural disaster. The storage capacity of the cemented tank is more and they are mostly preferred to handle the irrigation requirement of agricultural land. The effectiveness of the rain water harvesting system can be judged with the effectiveness of the state in producing high yield of agricultural products and known as power house of Australia. It is the cost effective technique for manage the demand and supply of the water in the dry region of Australia and result in the smooth functioning of the industrial and agricultural plant incorporated by the Melbourne and Adelaide (Philp, McMohan, Heyenga, Greenway, 2013). The summers are the favourable condition for Adelaide to receive effective amount of rainfall due to the high humidity condition. The moderate amount of rainfall is received during the winter season. The Melbourne experiences approximately same amount of rainfall throughout the year due to the experiencing oceanic climate. The rainwater harvesting is important for Adelaide to manage their domestic household requirement of water throughout the year due to the limited supply of rainfall. The Melbourne required the rain water harvesting due to the moderate supply of rainwater throughout the year which can be used for managing the amount of water in the water table for the effective growth of the agricultural land area (Farrelly, and Davis, 2013). The daily requirement of the local community members can be effectively resolved with the implementation of the rainwater harvesting system.
Conclusion
From the above discussion, we can conclude that the daily requirement of the household and domestic work can be effectively handled with the adequate amount of water supply through the rainwater harvesting system. 63% of domestic water supply can be manageable by incorporating 5000 litres rain water tank in the surrounding area of Melbourne. 56% of domestic water supply can be manageable by incorporating 5000 litres rain water tank in the surrounding area of Adelaide. The major concern with the deployment of the rain water harvesting system in the Melbourne and Adelaide is to manage the deficiency of water which can occurred due to the variation in the climatic condition and atmospheric pressure of the area which is taken under research study. The rainwater tanks are used for harvesting the precipitation of the clouds which can be used for domestic and the irrigation purposes. The comparative analysis on the Melbourne and Adelaide helps in analysing that nearly 70% of the domestic requirement of the people can be managed by the rain water harvesting system in Melbourne and nearly 45 % of the domestic requirement can be managed of the people in Adelaide. The investigation of the rainfall analysis and the associated implementation of the rainwater harvesting system helps in analysing the amount of water preserved in the storage units of the system. The 5000 litre water tank can able to manage the supply of 63% s Melbourne and 56% in Adelaide. 90 KL is the maximum capacity of the Melbourne rain water harvesting system. 400 L/D is the amount of water supplied by the 10,000 litre capacity of the tank. 200 L/D is the amount of water supplied by the 2,500 litre capacity of the tank. 50 Kilo litre is water saved by the Adelaide whereas 70 Litres can be preserved by the Melbourne for making use of water in the domestic and the industrial purposes. The focus should be given on the selection criteria of the rain water tanks because it helps in increasing the efficiency of the complete system. The most preferred tanks are plastic tanks because they are not corroded and can be easily fit into the small area. The investigation conducted on the Melbourne and Adelaide helps in analysing the effectiveness of the rain water harvesting system mounted in the preferred area for managing domestic and irrigation requirement.
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First, you will need to complete an order form. It's not difficult but, in case there is anything you find not to be clear, you may always call us so that we can guide you through it. On the order form, you will need to include some basic information concerning your order: subject, topic, number of pages, etc. We also encourage our clients to upload any relevant information or sources that will help.
Complete the order form
Once we have all the information and instructions that we need, we select the most suitable writer for your assignment. While everything seems to be clear, the writer, who has complete knowledge of the subject, may need clarification from you. It is at that point that you would receive a call or email from us.
Writer’s assignment
As soon as the writer has finished, it will be delivered both to the website and to your email address so that you will not miss it. If your deadline is close at hand, we will place a call to you to make sure that you receive the paper on time.
Completing the order and download
