Project Management Considerations For Southampton Solent University Building Construction

Project Management Processes

This report focuses on the delivery of the aspects related to the construction project being delivered at the Southampton Solent University that will be a beneficial approach for the university reputation and for the students.This report has been delivered in the perspective of the project manager in manner to manage the constraints related to this construction project. Construction project can be categorized in one of the riskiest section in the field of the management and this project is big project that will be needing proper and effective managerial and leadership skills for the accomplishment of the successful project. This report presents the project management consideration emphasizing on the development of this construction project. sustainability has been the most trending and concerning topic for every sector in the world right now that needs to be incorporated within the project management. A section has been described in this report emphasizing on the integration of the sustainability within the project management. Identification of the issues and threats in the design should be identified during the planning phase of the project. nD visualisation is a considerable method for reviewing the design and eliminating the issues related with the project design and construction of the building.

For the project considerations, it is important to clear the topic ‘project’ that can be described as a temporary endeavour with the starting and the end. This is what the case study is related to. Construction of building is the project and there are several aspects related to this project that needs to be managed in an effective and efficient way (Hardin and McCool 2015). PMI has launched the simple and easy process of project management processes and represented that the project management is an application of tools, techniques, skills, and knowledge those will be needed for the successful delivery of this building in an efficient and effective manner. Comparing the American Project Management processes with the ARABI; it can be concluded that “Arab executives utilised mostly a consultative decision making style. Ali attributed this finding to cultural forces such as religion and tribal structure in the Arab culture (Hu et al. 2016).” The PMBoK states that the primary objective of the project management is to meet or exceeds the expectations of the stakeholders through the application of these skills and deliver it within the expected schedule and budget. The activities associated with the project management are identification of the requirements, establishment of the achievable and clear objectives, balancing the demands between the time, scope, and quality of the deliverables, and adaption of the concerns, plans, and specifications, of the stakeholders.

BIM for This Project

The project management processes have been categorized within the framework of the Project Management Institute (PMI), that is the U.S based non-profit that has spread their chapters all over the world. The framework of the project management has been defined in the project Management Book of Knowledge (PMBoK).

Following are the five processes involved in the PMBoK framework and can be recommended as the proper methodology for the execution of the construction project as per the case study: Initiation planning, execution, control, and closing processes in a closed loop (Harrison and Lock 2017). Following is the explanation of these processes:

Project Planning Process: For the establishment of the so large construction project of the sports building, it is a crucial factor to implement proper and effective planning and determination of all the aspects related to the project before executing it. The project planning should be emphasizing on the scope statement, team contract, project scheduling, work breakdown structure, and prioritization of the risks. These objectives could be accomplished through various tools and techniques that includes the MS project, Gantt chart, WBS and many more.

Project Execution Process: After the proper and feasible planning, the project need to be executed in an effective and efficient manner (Mock, Shen and Yang 2015). The key personal who will be responsible for the effective deployment of this section is the project manager, who should be utilizing his or her managerial and leadership skills for managing the challenges occurred during the project deployment. The project manager should prepare a milestone report emphasizing on the accomplishment of the objectives considering the fulfilment of the requirements and needs of the stakeholders.

Project Monitoring and Controlling Process: this phase emphasizes on the measurement of the development and growth of the project and compare it with the project planned in the very first phase of the project. It is an effective approach towards the introduction of the new changes in the middle of the project execution for maintaining and managing the schedule and budget of the project (Sha’ar et al. 2017). This will be helpful in keeping the project constraints in control and blocking the project from being destroyed. This will be including the updates of the various plans, requested changes, and performance report.

Project Closing: It is also same crucial valued phase than rest of the phases, which emphasizes on the proper documentation of all the accomplishment and identified objectives of the project. This will release all the bounded employees, contractors, and other stakeholders for the contracts and paper works done before the execution of the project.

Timeline and Budget

BIM can be used for digitally representing the functional and physical characteristics for the facility including the design, analysis, documentation and virtual assessing. “The virtual BIM model is not only graphical design but also a virtual database which includes the management data. So the construction manager (CM) can use BIM as a real simulation of the actual project (Love et al. 2015).” BIM can be helpful in representing the whole facility life-cycle and will be helpful in considering every aspects of the building construction at Southampton Solent University and thus, developing an efficient model and design of the respective building. It can result in the efficient and effective delivery of the project management approaches and phases explained above in much effective manner. Within the project Southampton Solent University, building construction, BIM can be an effective technology for developing the model of the building and visualizing the construction project in a 3D virtual representation. The project manager can utilize the rendering, walkthrough, and sequence of the model in manner to lead an effective communication between the interested contractors.

Timeline and Budget

WBS	Task Name	Duration	Start	Finish	Predecessors	Resource Names	Cost
0	Southampton Solent University Sports Building Construction	690 days	Tue 6/13/17	Mon 2/3/20			£20,025,568.00
1	Concept Phase	665 days	Tue 6/13/17	Mon 12/30/19			£5,695,120.00
1.1	Construction Planning	40 days	Tue 6/13/17	Mon 8/7/17		Architecture, Contractor, Project Manager	£848,000.00
1.2	Managers’ Meetings	15 days	Tue 8/8/17	Mon 8/28/17	2	Architecture, Contractor, Project Manager	£318,000.00
1.3	Project Proposal	610 days	Tue 8/29/17	Mon 12/30/19			£2,257,920.00
1.3.1	Identification of the objectives and Scope	29 days	Tue 8/29/17	Fri 10/6/17	3	Engineer, Project Manager	£519,680.00
1.3.2	Identification of Time, Budget, and Risks	140 days	Wed 3/14/18	Mon 12/30/19	5	Engineer, Project Manager	£1,254,400.00
1.3.3	Proposal development	27 days	Mon 10/9/17	Tue 11/14/17	5	Engineer, Project Manager	£483,840.00
1.4	Proposal approval	30 days	Wed 11/15/17	Tue 12/26/17	7	Engineer, Project Manager	£537,600.00
1.5	Business Case	55 days	Wed 12/27/17	Tue 3/13/18			£1,733,600.00
1.5.1	Project Estimation and Risk Register	40 days	Wed 12/27/17	Tue 2/20/18	8	Architecture, Engineer, Inspector, Project Manager, Team Leaders	£1,260,800.00
1.5.2	Approval by the Executives	15 days	Wed 2/21/18	Tue 3/13/18	10	Architecture, Engineer, Inspector, Project Manager, Team Leaders	£472,800.00
2	Milestone 1 Achieved	0 days	Tue 3/13/18	Tue 3/13/18	11	Architecture, Engineer, Inspector, Project Manager, Team Leaders	£0.00
3	Development Phase	207 days	Wed 3/14/18	Thu 12/27/18			£3,367,440.00
3.1	Project Execution Phase	82 days	Wed 3/14/18	Thu 7/5/18			£1,242,240.00
3.1.1	Project Planning	25 days	Wed 3/14/18	Tue 4/17/18	12	Project Manager, Team Leaders	£340,000.00
3.1.2	Design Preparation	30 days	Wed 4/18/18	Tue 5/29/18	15	Architecture, Engineer, Materials	£569,600.00
3.1.3	Community Engagement	27 days	Wed 5/30/18	Thu 7/5/18	16	Architecture, Engineer	£332,640.00
3.2	Presentation of the preliminary Design	35 days	Fri 7/6/18	Thu 8/23/18	17	Architecture, Engineer	£431,200.00
3.3	Presentation of Detailed Design	35 days	Fri 8/24/18	Thu 10/11/18	18	Architecture, Engineer	£431,200.00
3.4	Approval and Contracts	10 days	Fri 10/12/18	Thu 10/25/18	19	Architecture, Engineer	£123,200.00
3.5	Milestone 2 Achieved	0 days	Thu 10/25/18	Thu 10/25/18	20	Architecture, Engineer	£0.00
3.6	Procurement	45 days	Fri 10/26/18	Thu 12/27/18			£1,139,600.00
3.6.1	Contract Administrator Engagement	10 days	Fri 10/26/18	Thu 11/8/18	20	Architecture, Engineer, Inspector, Project Manager, Team Leaders	£315,200.00
3.6.2	Procurement contractor	15 days	Fri 11/9/18	Thu 11/29/18	23	Contractor	£114,000.00
3.6.3	Final Budget and Time Approval	20 days	Fri 11/30/18	Thu 12/27/18	24	Contractor, Engineer, Materials, Project Manager	£710,400.00
3.6.4	Milestone 3 Achieved	0 days	Thu 12/27/18	Thu 12/27/18	25	Contractor, Engineer, Materials, Project Manager	£0.00
4	Implementation Phase	287 days	Fri 12/28/18	Mon 2/3/20			£10,963,008.00
4.1	Implementation of the Construction	232 days	Fri 12/28/18	Mon 11/18/19			£9,269,008.00
4.1.1	Engagement of the stakeholders	15 days	Fri 12/28/18	Thu 1/17/19	26	Architecture, Contractor, Electric company, Engineer, Materials, Project Manager, Team Leaders	£704,960.00
4.1.2	Communication with the stakeholders	25 days	Fri 1/18/19	Thu 2/21/19	29	Architecture, Contractor, Electric company, Engineer, Materials, Project Manager, Team Leaders	£1,041,600.00
4.1.3	Constructions	22 days	Fri 2/22/19	Mon 3/25/19	30	Architecture, Contractor, Electric company, Engineer, Materials, Project Manager, Team Leaders	£940,608.00
4.1.4	Official work start	5 days	Tue 3/26/19	Mon 4/1/19	31	Architecture, Contractor, Electric company, Engineer, Materials, Project Manager, Team Leaders	£368,320.00
4.1.5	Steel Frame Addition	45 days	Tue 4/2/19	Mon 6/3/19	32	Architecture, Contractor, Electric company, Engineer, Materials, Project Manager, Team Leaders	£1,714,880.00
4.1.6	Roof Covering	35 days	Tue 6/4/19	Mon 7/22/19	33	Architecture, Contractor, Electric company, Engineer, Materials, Project Manager, Team Leaders	£1,378,240.00
4.1.7	Cladding Brickwork	10 days	Tue 7/23/19	Mon 8/5/19	34	Architecture, Contractor, Electric company, Engineer, Materials, Project Manager, Team Leaders	£536,640.00
4.1.8	Internal Works	35 days	Tue 8/6/19	Mon 9/23/19	35	Architecture, Contractor, Engineer, Materials[1], Team Leaders	£1,037,200.00
4.1.9	External works	40 days	Tue 9/24/19	Mon 11/18/19	36	Architecture, Contractor, Electric company, Engineer, Materials[1], Project Manager, Team Leaders	£1,546,560.00
4.1.10	Milestone 4 Achieved	0 days	Mon 11/18/19	Mon 11/18/19	37	Architecture, Contractor, Electric company, Engineer, Materials[0], Project Manager, Team Leaders	£0.00
4.2	Project Finalization	55 days	Tue 11/19/19	Mon 2/3/20			£1,694,000.00
4.2.1	Building handover to the University	7 days	Tue 11/19/19	Wed 11/27/19	38	Architecture, Contractor, Inspector, Project Manager, Team Leaders	£215,600.00
4.2.2	Documentation Completed	10 days	Thu 11/28/19	Wed 12/11/19	40	Architecture, Contractor, Inspector, Project Manager, Team Leaders	£308,000.00
4.2.3	Sign Off from executives	12 days	Thu 12/12/19	Fri 12/27/19	41	Architecture, Contractor, Inspector, Project Manager, Team Leaders	£369,600.00
4.2.4	Recording experiences	15 days	Mon 12/30/19	Fri 1/17/20	42	Architecture, Contractor, Inspector, Project Manager, Team Leaders	£462,000.00
4.2.5	Document Distributed to responsible stakeholders	11 days	Mon 1/20/20	Mon 2/3/20	43	Architecture, Contractor, Inspector, Project Manager, Team Leaders	£338,800.00
4.2.6	Milestone 5 Achieved	0 days	Mon 2/3/20	Mon 2/3/20	44	Architecture, Contractor, Inspector, Project Manager, Team Leaders	£0.00

Figure : Gantt Chart

(Source: Created by Author)

This is one of the biggest challenge for the industries to implement sustainability considering the future generation and an obstacle in between the pollution and current world. Sustainability focuses on the deployment of the methodologies those are capable of securing the resources for the future generation. The “world commission has reported it on environment and development that forms of progress that meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs (Zhou, Goh and Li 2015)”.  Other perspective on this subject according to institute for sustainable development is that “Adopting business strategies and activities that meet the needs of the enterprise and its stakeholders today while protecting, sustaining and enhancing the human and natural resources that will be needed in the future (Chen and Luo 2014).” A general statement can be provided that sustainability in nothing but all about harmonizing or balancing the economic, environmental, and social interests. Considering the sustainability in the project management, it is all about the complete life cycle of the product, asset, or the project at hand. BIM model can also contribute in the development of a sustainable environment. For the instance, the BIM model for the Southampton Solent University building construction is finalized including the performance specification and the drawings package, the further developed designed can be forwarded to the IES in manner to identify the compliance of the building regulations and energy analysis. The efficiency for the building construction including the aspects of the orientation, length, pipe material, and diameter can be possibly enhanced through the application of the BIM model and the efficiency could reach up to 70%.  Following figure describes the constraints of the sustainability:

WBS

Figure 2: Triple Bottom line Concept of Sustainability

(Source: Daneshpour 2015)

This concept of sustainability has been incorporated within the project management that brings many changes in the traditional project management approaches. Traditional approaches were short term oriented however; integration of sustainability provided flexibility for the projects to be executed in the long and short-term oriented approaches (Demian and Walters 2014). Traditional project management approach was to focus on the interest of the stakeholders and sustainability project management focuses on both the future and current generation. This integration allowed the project management to be focused on the people, plant, and profit rather than the traditional approaches of the scope, time and budget and having life cycle oriented, rather than deliver oriented. However, sustainability integration has been enhanced the complexities rather than traditional approaches those were less complex.

Figure 3: Areas of the Project Management where Sustainability can be integrated

(Source: Daneshpour, 2015)

BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method) can be introduced within the construction project in manner to enhance the pre-contract design work. It can enhance the cost of the project however; is capable of promoting the sustainable environment considering the production and output of the products and services through the organization. It can be recommended as the better opportunity in manner to support the sustainability. It can be applied to the ongoing project Southampton Solent University, sports building construction in manner to focus on minimizing the CO₂ emission. The BREEAM can be applied to this construction and other building constructions and it could result in the management of sustainability in an efficient and effective manner. The stakeholders as a procurement and design process can utilize this scheme at different key stages in manner to evaluate, reflect, measure, and improve the overall performance and output of this construction.

Figure 4: Construction Management Procurement

(Source: Created by Author)

The selected route for this construction project execution will be following long-term objectives considering the business plan of the client that will be including the following:

• Cost
• Speed
• Quality
• Risk
• Specific Project Constraints
• Finance

Designing and building: the main contractor will be appointed for the construction and designing the project constraints (Park et al. 2015). This will be helpful for the University for focusing on a single point of responsibility in manner to deliver the project in successful and efficient manner. The procurement route must be limited to the team working within the design and development of the project construction and those who are currently employed with the roles and responsibilities within the Design & Build.

Conclusion

RIBA: It is a clear and simple laid out contract between the contractor and the client or customer as it is the most appropriate contract for the domestic building contracts. The suggestion can be made that “Fair and equitable terms for all parties” will be delivered to every stakeholder engaging in the contract. It can be made between the contractor and the University heads for the supplies and other necessary resource.

JCT: It is also known as (Joint Contracts Tribunal) that is responsible for producing the standard forms of the contracts related to construction, standard documentation and the guidance notes of the application in the construction industry. It can be referred as the better approach than other types of contract.

ICC: It is also referred as (Infrastructure Conditions of Contract) that has been based on the former ICE conditions and has been a contract “form which has become one of the main forms of standard contracts for UK civil engineering and infrastructure work.” And many more

Design reviewing and planning the construction part has been always a crucial factor for the management that needs certain and effective approach that can make this phase easy and efficient. nD visualisation can be an innovative approach towards delivering these project constraints in an effective and efficient manner (Kassem et al. 2015). Following is the list of advantages those could be beneficial in understanding the working of the nD visualisation:

Better and clear visualisation of the construction work: The quality of the work gained from this visualization process is not been available in any other approach that can be helpful in detecting the clashes and conflicts in the construction design review during the planning phase of the project. There are many errors those lies through designing the project using 2D or 3D visualization however; this is the option that can identify those errors and necessary actions can be taken for the elimination of these issues (Willems and Vanhouckle 2015). The nD visualization’s indicator value of usefulness can be used to identify these conflicts and thus, could play an effective and efficient role. It can be helpful in enhancing the construction and design review of the construction at the planning phase itself. Along with the defects detection, it also enables the planner to incorporate the safety and precaution measures in such a big project of sports building construction (Ghaffarian et al. 2017).

It will be allowing the project team to generate the comprehensive and precise work plan that could be a complex phase for achieving by the traditional methods. “With the use of 4D modelling, the sequence of the activities in the work plan and their impact on each other can be simulated to check the authenticity of the schedule and to enhance the planning process to utilize minimum resources in the construction phase with maximum benefits and in minimum time (Volk, Stengel and Schultmann 2014).”   

Efficient planning, better communication, temporary works and structures planning, accurate quantities take off, site logistics and many other benefits have been attached to the use of the nD visualization within the construction project in the case study.

The site engineer can effectively deliver progress monitoring as the proposed design using the nD Visualization is applicable in delivering the design of the whole project and thus, it could be utilized for comparing the growth and development of the project. Site engineer constantly compare the derived model with the constant development and growth of the project. The development and growth of the Southampton Solent University has been on the way and it is necessary to effectively monitor the current growth of the project. It is the responsibility of the project manager within this sports building construction project to ensure that the triple constraint of the project are being managed and all the objectives of the project are on right track. He should also ensure that the additional changes and modifications are being implemented for the delivery of the project constraints of high quality

Uncertainties and risks are always associated with a project, there is nothing that anyone can do about complete extent of the risks from the project, and it needs to be minimized to the extent level. Risk management is collaboration of actions that is capable of identifying the risks and managing its consequences within the project through keeping its impact minimum (Tookey et al. 2017). Following are the six steps those could be involved in the risk management strategies and effectively manage the impact of the risks within this project:

Risk Identification: It is complex and not possible to identify all the risks and uncertainties in the planning phase of the project, as there are the risks and uncertainties those might be raised in the middle of the project execution. The risks associated with this project can be listed as:

Quality risk that include the defects in the interim results, lack in project methods application, very few tests and risks.

Personnel risks: disagreement in the team and lack of individuals with professional skills.

Cost risks:most of the construction project suffers changes in the planning, reconstruction, market price hike and others that alternatively affect the cost of the project. Customers failing in the payment, complicated conditions of the project also results in the cost increment.

Deadline and schedule risk that includes the project ending delayed, project hindering, and other circumstances those could lead to this risk (Wang et al. 2015).

Strategic decisions that could be caused due to the lack in utilizing opportunities ad failure in the opportunities recognition.

Risk Analysis:The aim of this phase is to determine the situation of the risks within the project in complete and precise manner in manner to prioritize the identified risks and execute this process as much possible. Influence and possibility of error analysing, risk portfolio, and risk team analysis are some of the methods those could be applicable for analysing the risk (Zhang et al. 2015). nD visualization is also innovative approach towards the identification of the risks and defects within the project.

Influence and possibility of error analysing has been a formalized analytical approach for the systematically coverage of the error percentage identified in the earlier phase. Chen et al. (2015) commented that “in this, within a team, possible potential errors are determined with the aid of a standard error, possibility and influence analysis form, the consequences are investigated und the causes are established and assessed.”

Risk portfolio includes the probability of the occurrence of the identified risk within the project and identify the loss or damage that could be accountable with the development of the project. The actions could be executed considering the loss and damage on the project due to the identified risk.

The project manager in manner to control the development and growth of the project can execute risk team analysis. It is a helpful and effective approach towards enhancing the performance of the individual employee within the project.

Risk Assessment:It is comprised of the quantitative measurement and qualitative assessment of the identified risks in relation with the effects those could be brought in the context of the project execution. Qualitative assessment, Key Performance Indicator, ABC analysis, probable maximum loss, and risk map are some of the strategies helpful in assessing the identified risks.

Qualitative assessment is a calculation that will be helpful in identifying the strength and weakness of the identified risks and prioritize them accordingly. This will be mathematical value that will make to be much reliable for the manager in conducting further as mathematical values are always precise much considerable values than any other value in the real world.

Key Performance Indicator is the identification of the project constraints and compare them with the performance of the organization. It is a method of identifying the development and growth of the project through eliminating the possible threats those could possibly affect the project development.

ABC analysis has been based on the small considerable factors through frequent actions in manner to contribute in the risk assessment. “The goal of the analysis is therefore to find out what factors make up the largest part of the project value and in which therefore a greater planning and control expenditure is justified (Russell-Smith and Lepech 2015).”

Risk mapping is another effective measure for the consideration of the mathematical value for the risks and prioritizing them according to the need of the assessment. It emphasizes on presenting the risks at the top rank which could affect the project much deeper.

Monitoring Risks: it is an obvious fact that the successful project needs to be properly monitored and evaluated considering the objectives and goals of the overall project. Monitoring the risks is an effective measure for the determination of the project development. Reporting and tracking the records related to the risks and prevention measures can be a helpful and effective measure for the development of the project (Lin 2015). There are various tools such as severity matrix and many more, those could be applicable for this phase and could effectively lead to minimization of the threats and risks associated with the construction project execution in an effective and efficient manner. 

Risks		Mitigation strategies
Likelihood	Severity	Initial Risk Rating
Manual Handling	4	3	12	transportations and technologies usage Reducing loads Using mechanical aids MH assessment
Slips Egress or Access, Falls, Trips,	4	3	12	work should be aggregated risk assessment distribution
Plant Traffic and Machinery	4	4	16	Designated routes Wearing HI visibility clothing
Lifting Operation	4	5	20	Wearing orange hi-vis Certified personnel appointing certified and tested technologies Applicable lift or schedule plans
Excavations	4	5	20	Ensuring adequate trenches support
Vibration	4	3	12	Full PPE worn Toolbox application
Hand tools	3	4	12	Calibrated and efficient technology
Work at a Height	4	5	20	Equipment and tools tethered Approval from designing engineer Controlling over falling objects
Fumes & Dust	4	4	16	Additional PPE dust suppression techniques Dust Extraction Trained operatives

Controlling Risks: Controlling the project constraints is the part of the management that needs to be accomplished in an effective and efficient manner for the successful deployment of the project. Determination of the influences of the risks within the context of the risk analysis can be represented as controlling risks. There are approaches within this context those need to be considered while delivering control risks. These are the decisions those are associated with the types of risks identified during the development of the project (Shou et al. 2015). This will be helpful in moving the development of the project as per the expectations and goals set for the project execution in the planning phase of the project and handover the project within the expected budget and schedule.

Controlling goals: According to Behman, Harfield and Kenley (2016) “a permanent process, in the context of the monitoring, the risk identification, analysis, and controlling are checked to find out whether the risk control is implemented in due form. In the event of variances between the actual risk situation and the risk situation strived for, steps must be commenced to specify the causes.” The identified risks and proposed changes and manipulation in the processes for the execution of the project must be implemented in the middle of the project execution ensuring that the project will not be hampered a lot due to these identified risks.

Conclusion

The above facts are enough to be concluded that complex and big projects needs proper and effective managerial and leadership qualities in manner to accomplish the objectives and goals of the project. This report explained the aspects related to the risks associated with this construction project and how it could be delivered through minimizing the risks to the extent level. The above facts made statement that risk is a tail of the project that cannot be eliminated complete rather it could be minimized at the extent level in manner to manage the feasibility and successful deployment of the project. The above facts emphasize on the sustainable development of the Southampton Solent University, building construction project that concludes that the BIM can be helpful technique for developing a sophisticated model for the sports building construction and aiming at every corner of the construction. BREEAM is another feasible technique that can be applied for the management of sustainability in association with the delivery of the project in an efficient and effective manner.

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