The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral reef located in the Coral Sea coast of Queensland in the present day Australia. It is mainly composed of little organisms called coral polyps. This reef strongly supports a wide range of diversity life as protected by the Great Barrier Reef marine park. It protects it from environmental pressures such as run off, adverse climatic change and coral bleaching. Large populations of fish live specifically in the reef. However it is faced by environmental challenges such as oil spills and tropical cyclones. It is also affected by pollution, eutrophication, sediment runoff, pesticides (Dwyer et al, 2012 p.60).
Tourism one of the main industries in the Great Barrier Reef region.Estimately 2.0 mi8llion tourist visits this particular region each year. The Australian economy employs many people as one of the policies to ensure careful management of the tourism sector in the Reef. The great reef marine act as vital government laws aims at governing the management of the Reef. All licensed tourism operations as criticized by Queensland premier must take charge. In that case during 15 march, both the Australian and Queensland government authorities introduced the 20150 which was aimed at protecting and preserving the great Reef, The Great Barrier Reef foundation emerged as an organization or agency whose purpose was to work with the universal heritage. The reef 20150 pan policy objectives as a document involves proposal of various possible changes or measures enacted for the management of climatic change, tourism and other environmental issues that typical threaten the life span, value and existences of the Great Barrier Reef. The agency will incorporate the plan policy containing many elements for improvements for example investment pan for protection, preservation and long term goal for its tourism sustainability plan (Dwyer et al, 2012 p.60). The agency 20150 plans has the goals aimed to restore reef, lower fish killing for the overall improvement of the economy. It is aimed at focusing on the environmental causes ask discussed above that downgrade the Great Barrier Reef tourist attraction. In this case I can work with government agencies and The Great Reef Foundation agencies
The plan will address the tourism issues by providing accessible and efficient services to the tourists which will lead to an increase in a number of tourists. The agency will also initiate strategies that give solutions to the environmental issues and those that curb the destruction of tourists’ attraction sites and historical heritage (Wray, 2011 p.605).
The strategies implemented in tourism planning environment involving the Great Barrier Reef should favor opportunity development.
Environmental problems as discussed they erode the tourism as a whole. For example, cutting down of trees such as Tasmania Island has led to hazard climatic conditions which affect tourists and animals. Other human practices have led to the destruction of historical heritages which discourages the implementation of the designed plan for tourism. This new policy should bring strategies which conserve the historical heritage and also encourages afforestation. Rules need to be initiated to punish those involves themselves in deadly human practices.
The policy should encourage other practices that facilitate economic growth. For example, the marketing sectors and industrialization should be given room for expansion hence effecting to a growth in the economy. Having acquired a stable economy the country now can manage to deploy the practices that favor the tourism. These practices may involve infrastructure development and security deployment (Krutwaysho and Bramwell, 2010 p.670).
Intervening opportunity is a major factor and of great advantage in tourism interaction…For example effective tourism planning has led to the establishment of big hotels and restaurants that hold the tourist when they pay a visit to the country. This hotel has employed a large number of employees. The planning has also initiated opportunity in learning different ways of living by locals from people from different parts of the word. Through such healthy interaction, people are able to exchange business practices which attribute to economic growth (Eshliki and Kaboudz, 2012 p.333).
The Great Barrier Reef has widely led to the launching of the investments in Australia by global investors. Some of the investors who have visited the country as a tourist came and find an opportunity in making their investments in our country. This has not only led growth to our economy but also job creation to the locals. Hence the tourism sector can be said to be opportunity initiator for the global investors.
Despite many opportunities initiation, the tourism planning faces great challenges which affect its effectiveness. Tourism planning is a totally complex activity which requires an integrated approach, a partnership between private and public sectors and community involvement.to come up with a long-term plan it takes time and a lot of resources used in research which makes it hard for the developing countries (Vila et al, 2011 p.232). For example, tourism planning involves the upgrading of infrastructure such as roads which is impossible for developing states. The planning has also been affected by insecurity challenges. Most of the tourists’ attraction states have been facing terrorists’ attack hence leading to a reduction in a number of tourists.
Tourism planning sector does not only experience the internal challenges but also external challenges that are conveyed by the tourists. During planning the country agency have been forced to restrict visitors from some countries due to fear of drugs introduced to the locals. Tourist also has affected the modes of dressing of the locals which erodes the moral behaviors of the people (Blancas et al, 2011 p.28).
The employment and income level in the country is directly proportional to the number of visitors Australia receives who visits the Great Barrier Reef. When the number becomes high the employment chances and income level increases. When designing a plan strategies deployed should favor the increments in a number of visitors in Australia (Dredge and Jamal, 2015, p.285).
The economic issues affect the planning environment in the country. The country lacks a reliable economy to fund the implementation of the plan. Also, the political background influences the strategies deployed by the plan. This is because when the political field is bad the tourist number declines even if the proper plan is designed. Mostly during election periods, the country suffers from poor tourism as tourist fears affection from the political crisis (Vila et al, 2010 p.232).
Agency management also acts as driving issues in tourism planning. When poor and non-skilled agencies are trusted for plan development the plan is highly expected to fail in its objective. Technology covers a big percentage of planning factors. For example, the advertisement must be done for the country to reach a number of people globally. The country lacks fast and efficient mode for making advertisements. The country has been experiencing extreme climate condition which does not favor the stay of the visitors. Some of the climatic problems have been as a result of human practices, for example, deforestation has led to a drought (Dwyer et al, 2012 p.60).
To manage emerging problems that affect the tourism sector and tourism planning environment a new policy need to be developed. The policy will major deal with the factors that favor the problem occurrence. The selection of the agencies that design the plan should be a process that is free from any influencing force so as to allow only the skilled personnel to join the plan designing team. The country has been experiencing corruption the selection process which allows non-skilled personnel to access the plan designing team.to wholly bring remedy to this problem the policy should involve roles that restrict corruption engagement practices (Stone and Stone 2011 p.97).
The policy should encourage the leaders to deploy peaceful methods in their political fields. Any leader who abides by the set rules should be restricted from leadership accessibility. This will bring to an end the political related problem which affects the implementation of the tourism plan.
The government allows the identification of various approaches .For example, in designing the 2050 plan of The Great Barrier Reef lead to the growth of the country economic growth. The government role involves development in infrastructure both in the road network and housing is worked on to allow proper transportation of the visitors to attraction sites. Other identifications that are given approach during planning are, making the community aware of tourism and supporting the services and activities which connect to the tourism sector (Krutwaysho and Bramwell, 2010 p.670).
The Great Barrier Reef planning leads to the introduction and adaptation of unexpected practices. For example, the tourism has changed the lifestyle of the local environmental community in Australia. The performance of local industries has also been forced to change their local way of performance so as to meet the tourist demands (Stone and Jonstone 2011 p.97). The technology has also deployed unexpected innovation so as to cater to the high need of tourism sector. During planning, the planner should predict the unexpected adaptation so as to be able to curb bad practices that can ruin the tourism sector of Australia.
This is a major reason for tourism planning action. The planners try to design unique strategies that will make Australia more marketable in tourism as compared with the other countries. For the country to achieve that uniqueness strategies for upgrading and maintaining the natural features and resources in tourism are invented
Planning is a continuous process in which its objective is to make the tourism more reliable in day to day life. The established strategies should focus on eradicating undesirable occasions such as loss of market share, loss of cultural identities, hostility and unfriendly altitudes of the locals towards the visitors and pollution of the moral and physical environment.
Another major purpose of tourism planning is to lead to the initiation of desirable practices. The involved agency, The Great Barrier Reef Foundation, in the Australian tourism sector has led to the introduction of practices that ensure the sustainability of tourism development. The agencies also have resulted to an invention of a clear and positive image in the sector of tourism. Planning agencies have also facilitated to the effectiveness of tourism organization by deploying skilled personnel in plan implementation process.
The planning process includes various stakeholders for it to achieve its major objectives. The stakeholders include
With a whole representation of all the affected people in tourism, a reliable plan is designed catering the needs of everyone.
The planning process lack enough fund to conduct a thorough research before a plan is designed. This has resulted in low-income experiences than expected. In general, the effect of immature research affects the economy of Australia. The planners also face challenges due to the lack of cooperation of involved agencies and stakeholders. This makes it harder for them in establishing a strategy that involves everyone needs. The planning management is affected by corruption when deploying the planners. This has resulted in a lack of skilled personnel which leads to collapsing of the whole planning process (Krutwaysho and Bramwell 2010, p.670).
There exist valid reasons why the government should intervene in the planning process of The Great Barrier Reef. The first reason is that the government act as the major funding agent in the process. The tourism sector is affected by terrorist attacks inside and outside Australia which makes the government intervene for security provision. The government being as the main implementers of the proposed and designed plan should be wholly be involved so as it can confirm its capability in implementing the formulated strategies.
Planning makes the government realize its strengths and weaknesses in the tourism sector. Despite realization, the government gets the chance to strengthen its weakness for it to absorb competition in tourism sectors (Blancas et al, 2011 p.28). Through planning the government improves the economy of the country as a lot of income is generated from tourism. Also tourism effect to a growth of the economy by expanding the business and industrial sectors which are related to tourism. Through tourism planning the government creates a friendly bond with the visitors why some end up coming back to Australia as investors. Another benefit of a plan is that it promotes a good relationship between the locals and the visitors as it satisfies fully representation of everyone needs (Heitmann, 2010 p.31).
Boosterism approach. This has become the ultimate principal towards tourism planning. In this approach, tourism is seen to only benefit the host as it is deemed to be a form of non-planning within the approach, the local individuals are not involved with the planning process and the core decision making process of the tourism environment (Liu and Var 2010,p.193).
Tourism planning as an integrated approach is known as comprehensive approach. In this case, tourism planning ought to be seen as an inter-related structure with demand and supply factors. Researcher argue that integrated approaches should incorporate all sectors of tourism. However the plan is not quite comprehensive in certain integrated manner (Simão and Partidário 2012 p.372-385).
Policy instrument for tourism planning are not distinct in essence from instruments in other of environment public policy. They can involve several dimensions such as economic and institutional instruments. Economic instruments revolve around environmental taxes, financial incentives, and regulatory instrument. Some of the institutional instruments involve changes in tourism property rights leading to an effective combination of policy instruments (Choi and Murray, 2010 p.575-594)
This particularly levied for environmental objectives. Tourism income depends mainly on the tax being levied and capability of a destination to ensure high quality of tourism products.
User fees instruments
Accessing a certain environmental resource can be controlled effectively
Resources
The success of a particular destination ult9imately relies on its power to attract visitors and also its capability to maintain them. Destination planning must overlook at existing attractions and also the ability to de3sign new buildings such as The Great Barrier Reef Park in Queensland.
Culture. Destination planning typically allow the inclusion of cultural heritage in tourism. Various native customs. Ceremonies, artefacts and crafts should be include in tourism planning in order to ensure new destination that maintain and preserve its native cultural value (Simão & Partidário, 2012 p.372-385).
Manpower.in destination planning, an effective skilled and trained labor force is needed. Tourism as an industry, is solely depended offering a great experience for visitors. Significant training and development are required in employee qualification that is necessary to enable proper establishment on hotel and tourism planning (Sebele, 2010 p.136-146).
Infrastructure and superstructure. This refers to resources available to all underground and surface construction of a certain area. This can be continuous water supply, roads and highways, drainage systems, communication (Saraniemi & Kylänen, 2011 p.133-143).Superstructure involves facilities such as hotels, resorts and restaurant structural resources. Having inadequate infrastructure hinders the planning, development and growth of a particular tourist site. Conversely, a country such as Australia might have beautiful beaches but all these would be deemed worthless if their vital markets are not interlinked with an efficient road facility (Mason, 2015 p.80)
These places where tourist stop are important since tourist spend their time and money resources here .Planning for accommodation resources is very crucial and can enable government to plan for the tourism environment (Simão and Partidário, 2012 p.372-385).
Transportation and support service resources in reaching The Great Barrier Reeef is also significant in the discussed 2015 plan policy.This solves the issues facing the transport environment thus gives a conducive environment in the destination
These are important in facilitating effective tourism planning
Tourism planning gives a strong pillar in the economies of states offering a platform to develop its main source of income and foreign currency. These planning policies ensures creation of opportunities (De Groot, Alkemade, Braat, and Willemen 2010 p.260-272).
These policy plans offer direction through analyzing various factors that affect the tourism policies.it evaluates issues that can be enacted in order to implement and boost tourism industry in a particular country. It focuses on boosting the economy of a country through tourism (Mason, 2015 p.80).
The planning process is described as an approach toward solving the problem. The process gives a systematic step of problem viewing and providing a short and long-term solution to the various problems. The process of planning can be viewed as a decision-making process which is used to guide decision involving the future needs (Simão and Partidário, 2012 p.372-385).
The planning process involves various five major steps which include:
At this stage, the planners undertake the information collection process so as to access the problems and needs of the tourism sector. A variety of techniques are implemented such as survey conducting and interviewing tourists and the management (Reihanian et al, 2012 p.223-228).
After the identification of the problem, the planners design goals and objectives to alleviate the problem/need. These goals are accompanied by a complex and specific objective.in tourism planning, the goals should be objected to bringing the healthy environment for tourism. For example, Australia government need should be objected in infrastructure developments which allows accessibility of tourist attraction sites with ease (Saraniemi & Kylänen, 2011 p.133-143).
At this stage, the planner designs an alternative strategy that facilitates tourism related goals achievement. The strategies developed should be cheap in their implementation and has a lasting effect on the growth of tourism (Dwyer and Seetaram 2012 pp.60).
After selection of the best strategy, a detailed plan to lay down the strategy is developed.in plan development four activities are done which include: programming, allocating resources, scheduling and fixing accountability (Moscardo, 2011 p.423-436).
A planning process is a continuous cycle, the monitoring outcome and evaluation efforts provide new information for plans and programs revision. This process helps in giving information about tourism when a fresh planning process is initiated in the future (Dredge and Jamal, 2015 pp.51).
To achieve a reliable plan all the stakeholders and the agencies should be fully consulted. This ensures that everyone needs and ideas are considered in the planning. For example, when the planners fail to consult the local stakeholder, the poor relationship between the visitors and locals develops. This is because the local community feels left out in the plan implementation which makes them withdraw their support (Ashworth and Goodall, 2013 p.25-40).
At this point, the proposed and agreed strategies in the plan are put into practice. Plan implementation process commences by communicating the plan to the tourism organization. After the communication is done, the organization sets up a committee that ensures the implementation is done accordingly (Krutwaysho and Bramwell, 2010 p.670-690). The process also involves funding from the government and other agencies.
The process of implementation should involve transparency as without that failing chance becomes high. The tourism sector has always been affected by a corrupt implementing committee who rather than using the fund in development they end up benefiting themselves. Strict rules should be deployed so as to curb theft of the development funds (Saraniemi and Kylänen, 2011 p.133-143).
References
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Blancas, F.J., Lozano-Oyola, M., González, M., Guerrero, F.M. and Caballero, R., 2011. How to use sustainability indicators for tourism planning: The case of rural tourism in Andalusia (Spain). Science of the Total Environment, 412, pp.28-45.
Choi, H.C. and Murray, I., 2010. Resident attitudes toward sustainable community tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(4), pp.575-594.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09669580903524852
De Groot, R.S., Alkemade, R., Braat, L., Hein, L. and Willemen, L., 2010. Challenges in integrating the concept of ecosystem services and values in landscape planning, management and decision making. Ecological complexity, 7(3), pp.260-272.
Dredge, D. and Jamal, T., 2015. Progress in tourism planning and policy: A post-structural perspective on knowledge production. Tourism Management, 51, pp.285-297.
Dwyer, L., Gill, A. and Seetaram, N. eds., 2012. Handbook of research methods in tourism: Quantitative and qualitative approaches. Edward Elgar Publishing8(4),pp.60
Eshliki, S.A. and Kaboudi, M., 2012. Community perception of tourism impacts and their participation in tourism planning: a case study of Ramsar, Iran. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 36, pp.333-341.
Heitmann, S., 2010. Film tourism planning and development—Questioning the role of stakeholders and sustainability. Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development, 7(1), pp.31-46.
Jenkins, J., 2000. The dynamics of regional tourism organisations in New South Wales, Australia: History, structures and operations. Current Issues in Tourism, 3(3), pp.175-203.
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Krutwaysho, O. and Bramwell, B., 2010. Tourism policy implementation and society. Annals of Tourism Research, 37(3), pp.670-691.
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Liu, J.C. and Var, T., 2010. Resident attitudes toward tourism impacts in Hawaii. Annals of tourism research, 13(2), pp.193-214.
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