1. With respect to TCP/IP;
a) Describe what physical, logical and port addresses are and why they are required.
b) Provide a real example of a physical, logical and port address – this should be from your own computer on your own network, or a lab computer or a work computer – include details of how you obtained each of the addresses and include a screen shot displaying each address – for the port address identify the application or program that is using it.
2. An organisation has been granted a block of addresses starting with the address 172.154.68.0/22.
a) Create 3 subnets for this organisation with the first subblock of 250 addresses, the second subblock of 60 addresses and the third subblock of 12 addresses. for each correct answer)
b) How many addresses are left?
Question 3
a) Provide two reasons why you think dynamically assigning IP addresses are useful?
b) Is the IP address 192.168.12.254 a valid address for use by a computer connected directly to the Internet? Explain your answer.
c) Is it possible to divide a class C network into 14 subnets with 15 computers connected to each sub network? Explain your answer.
4. A sending application has sent 1240 bytes to a receiving application using TCP. The congestion window (cwnd) is set at 200 bytes (assume it does not change for the duration). The receiving application has sent an acknowledgement number of 1180 with a receiver window (rwnd) of 120 bytes.
a) Draw a diagram showing the sliding window and next byte pointer similar to the example provided below based on the details given above.
b) The sending application then receives a further acknowledgment of byte 1220 with an rwnd of 100 bytes. Draw a diagram representing the new sliding window and next byte pointer.
c) The sending application then sends a further 80 bytes to the receiving application, which responds soon after with an acknowledgement of byte 1300 with an rwnd of 80 bytes. Draw a diagram representing the new sliding window and next byte pointer.
d) What is the maximum amount of data the sending application can send at this time?
1 a:
Physical address is a local address of any computer, it links information from a node to any other node on the interconnected nodes .Logical address tells the sender as well as the receiver on the network layer. Logical address sends bytes over the networks for communication. The port address recognizes the application process on the station they are used for communication over a large number of nodes or work stations.
1 B:
Physical address:- 1C-65-9D-1C-28-EC
Logical address:- 192.168.1.11
Port address:- 53071
This port is used by chorme.exe for establishing a connection
2 a:
IP Version 4 is a 32 bit binary number. /22 means that we have 10 bits on the host side and 22 bits on the network side. Binary addresses in decimal notation is 71.255 .256 and 172.154.68.0 . According to 8 bits in host side, we will have 256 values and for the 250 blocks we use 68.00/24 . The next free address is 69.00 . 6 bits are needed for 60 addresses, first binary range is 64. 26 addresses are Used by 69.00/26. This size takes 69.00 – 69.63 and next block begins from 69.64. We need 16 values for twelve addresses, so we have to mask 28. The Block 69.64/28. The three ranges are the remaining of that /176 addresses are added with 512 addresses and total becomes 688.
2 b:
The 250 addresses in address/24, so 256 addresses can be there, it has 4 addresses left, in addition network & broadcast.
The 60 in 64 has 2.
The 12 in 16 has 2.
3 a:
Dynamic IP address is that modifies itself from time to time. Dynamic IP address for DSL service will be assigned by Internet Service Providers. The Dynamic Internet Protocol address is taken from the pool and assigned to the user. That IP address gets back into the pool and you are given a new IP address.
So a dynamic IP address can make it a problem of remote access to any computer or webcam, because if we have the IP address of that node, it will be changed automatically after some period of time or will be changed after an assigned period of time So if you are at any other place and want to use the PC remotely, and you have a wrong Internet Protocol address, you will not be able to use/connect to your computer.
3 b:
192.168.12.254 is a valid address, because it is Class C IP address and its range is
192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255.
3 c:
No, In a class C address we use 4 bits for the subnet mask, which will be 16 subnets, and 4 bits are left for host, which will be 16. Host address cannot be 0 and we can not have the host address of all 1’s. So you can only have 14 hosts on each of your 14 subnets.
4 a:
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1161- 1180 |
1181- 1200 |
1201- 1220 |
1221- 1240 |
1241- 1260 |
1261- 1280 |
1281- 1300 |
1301- 1320 |
1321- 1340 |
1341- 1360 |
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4 b:
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1161- 1180 |
1181- 1200 |
1201- 1220 |
1221- 1240 |
1241- 1260 |
1261- 1280 |
1281- 1300 |
1301- 1320 |
1321- 1340 |
1341- 1360 |
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4 c:
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1161- 1180 |
1181- 1200 |
1201- 1220 |
1221- 1240 |
1241- 1260 |
1261- 1280 |
1281- 1300 |
1301- 1320 |
1321- 1340 |
1341- 1360 |
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4 d:
40 Bytes.
References
Cox, J., Mahoney, D., & Smart, M. (2009). Port Botany’s Landside: Market Pricing to Address Congestion.Economic Papers: A Journal Of Applied Economics And Policy, 28(1), 49-55.
DHCP servers subject to remote takeover. (2002). Network Security, 2002 (5), 3.
Fares, M. (2004). SWAPSC: sliding window analysis procedure to detect selective constraints.Bioinformatics.
Fiore, M. (2009). The IP that is strangling voice over IP. SPIE Newsroom.
Foo, S., Cheung Hui, S., Wai Yip, S., & He, Y. (1997). Approaches for resolving dynamic IP addressing.Internet Research, 7 (3), 208-216.
Ford, P., Rekhter, Y., & Braun, H. (1993). Improving the routing and addressing of IP. IEEE Network, 7 (3), 10-15.
Haibin Lu, & Sahni, S. (2005). A B-Tree Dynamic Router-Table Design. IEEE Trans. Comput., 54 (7), 813-824.
Herbst, P., & Jahn, E. IP-for-IP or Cash-for-IP? R&D Competition and the Market for Technology. SSRN Journal.
Hui, S., & Foo, S. (1998). A dynamic IP addressing system for Internet telephony applications. Computer Communications, 21 (3), 254-266.
Lupiañez, F. (2001). On fuzzy subnets. Fuzzy Sets And Systems, 119 (3), 535-538.
Machado, I., Stanton, M., & Salmito, T. (2011). Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) – Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) Network Address, Port & Protocol Translation And Multithreaded DNS-Application Gateway. Proceedings Of The Asia-Pacific Advanced Network, 31 (0), 12.
Machado, I., Stanton, M., & Salmito, T. (2011). Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) – Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) Network Address, Port & Protocol Translation And Multithreaded DNS-Application Gateway. Proceedings Of The Asia-Pacific Advanced Network, 31 (0), 12.
Mockapetris, P. (2003). Defending your DNS & DHCP — Best Practices. Network Security, 2003(6), 7-10.
Prem, M., & Krexner, G. (2000). Martensitic phase transitions HCP – DHCP and DHCP – FCC in Co 0.85 at% Fe. Physica B: Condensed Matter, 276-278, 927-928.
Pucher, F., & Posch, R. (1998). Router-basierter ISDN/IP-Zugang für einen Primärratenanschluß / Router-based LAN-Access Over ISDN. It – Information Technology, 40(1).
Sharony, J. (1996). An architecture for mobile radio networks with dynamically changing topology using virtual subnets. Mobile Networks And Applications, 1(1), 75-86.
Shi, Z., Lu, H., Lin, H., & Huang, L. (2013). A DHT-Based Networking and Addressing Method in the TCP/IP Building Intercom System. AMM, 427-429, 2778-2782.
Sidorovs, A., Barzdins, G., Lacis, J., & Ogsts, K. (1999). SmartARP: merging IP and MAC addressing for low-cost gigabit Ethernet networks. Computer Networks, 31(21), 2193-2204.
Singh, A., Singh, N., & Bajpai, V. (2011). Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) – Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) Network Address, Port & Protocol Translation And Multithreaded DNS-Application Gateway.Proceedings Of The Asia-Pacific Advanced Network, 31(0), 12.
XIANG,YCooperative triangulation in MSBNs without revealing subnet structures
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