Networking is the scheming and use of any typical network, which ultimately involves all the physical components like the bridge, hub, router, cabling and many more [5]. The utilization and the perfect selection of the telecommunication protocols and the software for the management and the utilization of network and the overall establishment of the policies of operation and the processes that are connected to that network are also the various parts of the networking.
This particular report outlines a brief discussion on the entire concept of networking fundamentals of AI Company. This company has recruited a specific expert for solving all of their concerns [2]. This report describes the details about the interoperability of the equipments of manufacturers. The details of the above discussion are also given in the report.
The AI Company has recruited a specific expert for their organization. They want to design and install this network in the office. The company owner has various issues or problems with the interoperability of the equipments of the manufacturer.
1.1 Network Standards for the Interoperability of the Manufacturing Equipments
The network standards always normalize the entire process of the link of various network equipment pieces. This link between the network equipment pieces provides the principles of direction for the development of all the network standards [8]. Two types of models of network are present in today’s world. These models mainly include OSI or Open Systems Interconnection Model, TCP/IP or Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol and DoD or the Department of Defence Four Layer Model. OSI model is considered as the most well known network model. The Open Systems Interconnection Model is a typical kind of concept orientation model [1]. This generally characterizes and regulates the diverse functionalities for communication for all typical telecommunications and computer systems. The most important goal of the OSI model or the Open Systems Interconnection Model includes the interoperability of systems of computing from several numbers of manufacturers. The AI Company is suffering through these types of problems [3]. The owner of the company is tensed about the process of several standards of network, for example OSI, TCP/IP and DoD. The models always help in ensuring the products interoperability. Several manufacturers make these products.
1.2 Comparison between OSI, DoD and TCP/IP Network Model Standards
The suitable comparison an contrast between the Open Systems Interconnection Model or OSI model, the Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol model or TCP/IP model and Department of Defence Four Layer Model or DoD model are as follows:
|
Key Features |
OSI Model (Open System Interconnection) |
TCP/IP Model (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol) |
DoD Model (Department of Defense) |
|
1. Number of Layers |
This model comprises of seven distinct layers, which are the physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, and session layer, presentation layer and application layer |
It has four layers namely physical layer, network layer, transport layer and application layer [4]. |
This model comprises of four layers namely network access layer, internet layer, Host to Host layer and process or application layer. |
|
2. Approach |
The approach that is followed by the OSI Model is vertical. |
The approach that is followed by the TCP/IP Model is horizontal. |
The approach that is followed by the DoD Model is vertical. |
|
3. Definition |
The model of OSI is absolutely perception oriented, lacking dependency of protocol network standard, which acts because of the communication entrance linking the network and the user. |
The model of TCP/IP is entirely based on the different kinds of typical protocols wherever the connectivity is developed [7]. This model is not anything except a protocol of communication, which permits the connection of hosts in any particular network. |
The model of DoD is a specific four layered model, which comprises of basic protocols that are involved with it. |
|
4. Presentation and Session Layer |
Separate presentation layer and session layer are present in the model of OSI. |
Separate presentation layer and session layer are absent in the model of TCP/IP. |
Separate presentation layer and session layer are absent in the model of DoD. In fact the presentation and the session layers are already present within the process layer or the application layer [1]. |
|
5. Connections |
Service is connection-less. |
Service is connection-oriented |
Service is connection-less. |
1.3 Diagrams for the Comparison between OSI, DoD and TCP/IP Network Model Standards
The diagrams for the comparison between the Open Systems Interconnection Model or OSI model, the Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol model or TCP/IP model and Department of Defence Four Layer Model or DoD model are as follows:
Figure 1: Diagrams for the Comparison between OSI and TCP/IP models
Figure 2: Diagrams for Comparison between the OSI and DoD models
The perfect comparison within the twisted pair cable, coaxial cable wireless network and the fiber optics are as follows:
|
Key Features |
Wireless Network |
|||
|
1. Signal Transmission |
Transmission of signal occurs in the form of electrical through conduction of metals. |
Transmission of signal occurs in the form of electrical through the cable’s inner conductor [9]. |
Transmission of signal occurs in a form of optics over a fiber of glass. |
Transmission of signal occurs by wireless connections and devoid of all cables and wires. |
|
2. Cost |
Cheap and cost effective. |
Little high. |
Exclusively expensive. |
Moderate price |
|
3. Bandwidth |
Lower bandwidth |
Moderate bandwidth |
Higher bandwidth |
Lower bandwidth. |
|
4. Installation |
Installing this medium is easier and simpler than others. |
Installing this medium is fairly easier and simpler [4]. |
Installing this medium is tremendously complicated and tough |
Installing this medium is exceptionally easy and simple. |
2.1 Selection of the Appropriate Media Type
By considering each and every characteristic of the twisted pair cable, fiber optics, coaxial cable and the wireless network, it is observed that the wireless network is the best answer to the problems or concerns that AI company [2]. This wireless network is the most easy and the most simple media for the AI Company. The procedure of installation of the wireless network is absolutely easy and even the cost of installation of this wireless network can be afforded by each and every user. Furthermore, the wireless network has such a bandwidth that is higher in comparison to others. This high bandwidth stops the all types of disturbances of network in the premises of the company. The transmission of signal can take place devoid of all types of cables and wires that are subsequently there in the company [10]. Thus, it can be said that the wireless network is the best and the most suitable and fitting kind of media for this specific company of AI Company.
It is expected that the AI Company will be running a particular application that is always utilized for the record of data transmission to any typical site of backup [8]. The data size eventually documents in about 1000 bytes or 1 kilobyte and the particular application will be transmitting all records of data in the span of 0.25 seconds.
3.1 Synchronous Connection vs. Asynchronous Connection
The signals that always occur at similar clock rate are known as synchronous signals. This occurs when all the clocks are based on one reference clock. This confidential data is relocated in a specific synchronous method once both the recipient and the sender use the comparable clock signal [7]. The connection that is asynchronous is nothing but the accurate reverse of the connection of synchronous. In this case, the recipient and also the sender does not utilize the comparable clock signal and therefore, there lies is a significant dissimilarity amongst them. The sender provides a signal that is synchronizing to the recipient prior to any message be sent. The rate of transfer of data is extremely slower. For the AI company, the use of the connections of synchronous will be extremely well-organized since it helps in transferring rate of large amount of data in extremely short time [2]. The range of this data records in 1 kilobyte or 1000 bytes. This particular application will be transferring each and every record of data in a span of every 0.25 seconds, which can be considered as super fast. AI company should select synchronous connection for their office network.
3.2 Transmission Line Speed
The data transmission that is synchronous in nature is the approach of sending of data where a sequence of signals of data are fixed through different signals for timing signals to simply ensure if the recipient and the sender are synchronized with each other [7].
Figure 3: Synchronous Transmission
The scenario is opposite for asynchronous data transmission [6]. It completes its transmission of data in huge amount and keeps a specific start bit prior to each data character and a specific stop bit following each character of data. The recipient and the sender are informed about the start and finish in this way.
Figure 4: Asynchronous Transmission
Conclusion
Therefore, from the above discussion it can be concluded that the network of computer or the data network is the network for digital telecommunications that eventually enables the computer nodes for the sharing of resources. In any type of network, the devices of the computer usually switch over the data amongst each other by utilizing the link of data. The links within the nodes of the computer are always established by either utilizing the wireless media or by utilizing the cable media. The computer nodes mainly involve the servers, phones, hardware of networking and personal computers. The AI Company has recruited a specific expert for their issues or problems in the networking. The above report has described the entire concept of fundamentals of networking. The report also discusses about the designing and the installation of any computer network. The several models like the OSI, TCP/IP and DoD. The two types of connections, which are the synchronous and the asynchronous are also discussed here.
References
[1]M. Ko?odziejczyk and M. Ogiela, “Applying of security mechanisms to middle and high layers of OSI/ISO network model”, Theoretical and Applied Informatics, vol. 24, no. 1, 2012.
[2]B. Forouzan, Data communications and networking. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2013.
[3]H. Jung, Future information communication technology and applications. Dordrecht: Springer, 2013.
[4]D. Frey, Distributed computing and networking. Berlin: Springer, 2013.
[5]H. Hodara, “Brief Review ofOptical Fiber Communication (OFC) Conference 2013”, Fiber and Integrated Optics, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 143-144, 2013.
[6]P. Stern, “Connection, Connection, Connection…”, Science, vol. 342, no. 6158, pp. 577-577, 2013.
[7]”Introduction to Computer and Network Security”, Network Security, vol. 2013, no. 11, p. 4, 2013.
[8]”Introduction to Information Security”, Network Security, vol. 2013, no. 12, p. 4, 2013.
[9]I. Boureanu, P. Owesarski and S. Vaudenay, Applied Cryptography and Network Security. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014.
[10]F. Bao, P. Samarati and J. Zhou, Applied Cryptography and Network Security. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.
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