Models And Theories Of Learning And Assessment, Communication Models, And Curriculum Development In Education

Models and Theories of Learning and Assessment

Task :

Provide a full rationale, to explain and justify your approach to the creation of an inclusive curriculum design. Refer to different views in literature as well as to your annotated Scheme of work (appended Task la) to support your analysis. Reference to theory, policy and legislation should be used to underpin this part of the task.

Consider:

• models and theories of learning and assessment

• models of communication

• models of curriculum development

• inclusivity, equality and diversity

• progression and employability

• the inclusion of the minimum core

Learning Outcomes

Understand the application of theories, principles and models of learning in education and training.

Understand the application of theories, principles and models of communication in education and training.

Understand the theories, principles and models of assessment in education and training.

Understand the application of theories and models of curriculum development within your own area of specialism.

Understand the application of theories and models of reflection and evaluation to reviewing your own practice.Task :

Provide a full rationale, to explain and justify your approach to the creation of an inclusive curriculum design. Refer to different views in literature as well as to your annotated Scheme of work (appended Task la) to support your analysis. Reference to theory, policy and legislation should be used to underpin this part of the task.

The present assignment will cover all the areas of learning about the education system.  The study will cover all the important models and theories of learning and assessment of the education system. The study will cover some of the crucial model such as Gibbs model of reflection, Kolb’s learning cycle, Rolfe’s framework for reflective practices , Reinforcement or Punishment, Andragogy, Deep or surface learning, Policies on Further Education workforce strategy. There are certain advantages as well as certain disadvantages of developing a proper educational theory (Arnove, Torres and Franz, 2012). All the educational theories, which are diversified in the assignment, will conclude in a reflection basis based on the requirements.  In modern generation, the learning process has been changed entirely. There are different application of different of different kinds of education theories and educational models in the study. All the application of different models and theories in the education system has made the entire education system more comfortable. Some of the important educational theories and educational models are highlighted in this particular study.

This part of the study will cover all the points of the Gibbs reflective cycle. I think this is one of the most popular education models, which is applied in the daily proceedings of the study. The selected model in the study will cover six important points, which include Action plan, description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, and conclusion (Attanasio, Meghir and Santiago 2012). The action plan in the study will cover what are the different kinds of areas we would like to cover in the operations of the education system. The second point in the study will cover what will happen after implementing this particular education model. The third point will cover what is my thinking about this particular education model. The forth step will conclude about the evaluation part which is about the application of this particular theory (Grindle et al. 2012). The final part of the theory will cover about the analysis and concluding part of the theory, which will provide a proper evolution. I think the application of this particular education model will bring different kinds of positive impacts towards the development process of a proper educational system. The second theory, which is highlighted in the study, is the Rolfe’s framework. This particular model includes the notion for reflective practice (Stephens, Markus and Fryberg 2012). The three points, which I feel needs to be highlighted in the study, are what the issue is, what the issue is now, and now what the issue is now. The role of this particular education model is not much important as compared with the previous model. There are certain issues in different kinds of education system. The application of this particular theory in the education system will bring different kinds of positive impact in the entire education system. The third model, which is highlighted in the study, is the application reinforcement or punishment in the education system.  This particular theory is classified into four factors. The four factors of this particular theory are   positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment. The factor, which is concluded in the operations of this particular theory, is increase and decrease in the behaviors of the learners, which helps in adding and removing stimulus in this particular model of the education system (Powell, Bernhard and Graf 2012.). After analyzing all the factors, I feel that the application of the Gibb’s model of reflection is the ideal theory towards implementing a proper education system.

Gibbs reflective cycle

The mode of communication is classified in several ways. The development of a proper communication system will ensure in the increase in the increase in the efficiency system. In order to develop a proper communication system in the education system there are two variable required. One is the sender and on the other hand is the receiver. I feel that there are certain roles of sender in the development of a proper communication system. The sender is the primary communicator, and the sender controls the type and mode of the communication system.  In every communication system, there are two modes, one is encoding, and other is decoding. From my experience of learning, I will conclude about the importance communication system in the education system. From my learning, I will conclude about the importance of the development of a proper feedback system in the education system (Sultan, and Yin Wong 2012). There are two kinds of feedback system. One is the positive feedback and on the other hand, negative feedback. The application of the negative feedback needs to be emphasized in a right and a proper manner.

In this part of the study, I will conclude about different kinds of communication process, which are applied in the education system (Jamkar and Bansal 2015). The process of communication model in the education system is passing information from a source to a receiver. From my experience, I will conclude that the communication model in the entire education model is classified into two groups. One is the linear communication and other one is the interactive communication model. I feel that the application of both the mode of communication system in the education system is equally important.

The application of the communication model in the education system will allow developing a strong communication system between the learners and the tutors. It will develop a clear channel between the learners and the tuitions in the entire education process.

The application of a proper communication model will allow all the teachers and the students to develop a proper communication channel in education system. It will allow the students to conclude about different kinds of the doubts in the study and will allow the teacher to conclude about different requirements of the students.

The process of curriculum development is often done in a haphazard manner. The implementation of a proper education system includes in the process of development of a proper education system. I feel that a system is a collection of the elements, which are required in the process development of a strong education system. In every communication system, I feel that there are four components, which needs to be analyzed properly. Practical, realistic, efficient an inclusive is the four important points, which needs to be analyzed in a proper manner towards the development process of a proper education system. I feel that application of a proper curriculum development process includes ten steps in the process model. Some of the most important highlighted point are Evaluate curriculum, Design new curriculum, identification of new curriculum, development of goals and objectives, organize curriculum committees and organizing a key curriculum activities is the ultimate objective in the education system towards the development of a proper curriculum model (Shaidullina et al. 2015).

Rolfe’s framework

The role of curriculum is one of the most important aspects in the overall performance in the education system. A lot of research work needs done in order to determine a proper curriculum in the education system. The role of curriculum helps in the level of different kinds of education system. 

The application of the curriculum development plan for learning requires the purposeful and proactive organization and management of interactions among the teachers and the students and the context knowledge that the students and teachers require. The application of a proper curriculum design are required to develop in order to meet the unique needs of the students and the teachers.  

The study will provide a practical relevance on the learning considerations of various teaching methods. Inclusivity, equality and diversity are the areas that need to be adapted to assess the learning area of development. My aerial idea would be provide a presentation plan, where learners can get effective information from the topic. Here, I have intended to increase belongingness among the students to support needs academically. This would also perform activities to build an outcome on diverse backgrounds. However, inclusivity focuses in interacting with the common people and makes a diverse impact on the feelings of people. A practical outcome is necessary, where intellectual growth refers to the ability for to synthesize multiple sources of information to solve problems (Quinlan 2014). Analyzing development would also facilitate long-term process and to utilize reflective listening, critical thinking and effective reasoning skills. Diversity also demonstrates interpersonal skills, which allows effective functioning in diverse groups. I have also ensured that individuals are treated fairly under specific areas like race, disability, sexual orientation, age, etc. On the other hand, diversity recognizes differences among the common people that have full potential on the staffs and students in driving inclusive culture. Promoting equality and diversity would ensure learning ideas that do not discriminate against major groups (Kolb 2014). It also interacts to make policies, procedures and processes on learning that are not discriminated easily. The strengths of diversity and equality is to engage beliefs, behaviors and values whereas the weaknesses does not seem to get any type of practical relevance.

To determine the learning ideas on progression and employability, I would first develop an experimental method by determining Kolb learning cycle. It involves acquisition of concepts that would be applied on flexibility of learning applications. It also incorporates development on its four stages that includes concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation. Concrete Experience makes experience on interpretation of an existing experience on learning whereas abstract conceptualization gives rise to new ideas and modifications of an existing concept. However, reflective observation experience particular importance of learning through understanding and experience whereas active experimentation involves ability of learner to develop active results. My role on learning areas would be to seek development on progression and employability. Here, I would apply various practices that develop through interviewing skills, part-time work, enterprise skills and setting up a business consistently. However, my area of observation would make a progression on learning that provides knowledge on elementary transformations. The advantage of this model will make an action plan, which will generate opportunities while interviewing an individual on a job (Renninger, Hidi, and Krapp 2014). This may also provide a clear contrast to generate opportunities on learning and development. For better means, the practical outcome would be to develop higher education among the people. Here, the work experiences would also provide concrete justification on behavior and attitudes. Strengths include self-awareness among the learners of an institution while weaknesses can spoil the learning goal through reactions created by bad behavior among individuals and other uncertainties. It is seen that progression of leaning is presented in the form of elements that are organized under subject-specific programs. On the other hand, employability in learning area refers on doing work that enhances ability to work in future (Siemens 2014). This would be persistent if the management philosophy would provide growth on personal and professional development. My aerial idea would be to make people dependent if employability continues to develop graduates, employed people and others.

Reinforcement or punishment

Figure 1: Kolb’s learning cycle

(Source: Quinlan 2014)

The inclusion of the minimum core finds teachers of learning areas to develop knowledge through language, information, and communication technology (ICT) skills (Benson and Voller 2014). In this area, I have developed the practitioners through John’s model of reflections by drawing critical steps through description of experiences, influencing factors, learning, reflection, and by dealing with better practices. My observation on the learning events would interact considerably through numeracy, information and communication technology. This would be persistent if the inclusion of minimum resources makes proficiency to develop skills under learning practices. The advantage of John’s model would be to develop learning practices through assessment and criteria. This has a scientific method that would be developed on moral knowledge, self-awareness, personal factors and ethical codes.  However, the practical outcome of the model will be to develop minimum core skills that include literacy, language, numeracy and ICT. These factors will make a planning segment of an individual on reading, writing, checking grammar and spelling, and syntax and punctuation. Language includes listening and speaking whereas numeracy includes carrying out calculations, evaluations, interpretations and other measurements. The strengths of this model would have proper consequences on learning but the weaknesses may be fatal on decision-making process. In order, ICT develops using E-learning through a virtual learning environment. I would also include a predictive way to deliver emails, video conferences, spreadsheets and other presentation packages (Cohen 2014). It would be interactive if improving core skills would support development on learning field. Thus, to find an aerial idea on planning and development will meet needs of learners through training and education (Renninger, Hidi, and Krapp 2014).

Figure 2: John’s model of reflection

(Source: Arends 2014)

Conclusion

In this section, I have worked efficiently hard to carry out the research appropriately. Here, I would develop an idea that would be effective by giving a practical outcome of Gibb’s model of reflection and Rolfe’s framework for determining the learning cycle. Here, my role would be to assume critical concepts by developing strengths and weaknesses of education. It would be effective if the learning events would make provisions on diversity, equality and inclusivity. In this study, I have also availed practices where active participation is necessary to make differences on financial interests and capital. Moreover, promoting diversity would also ensure learning ideas to make policies, procedures and ensure learning ideas considerably. Additionally, progression and employability also determines an experimental method of Kolb’s cycle. This develops by giving proper advantages that would be useful under a practical situation. Thus, this would be persistent if inclusion of minimum core draws a reflection on John’s model. It also makes the learning events ideal by aligning education workforce strategy.

Reference List

Arends, R., 2014. Learning to teach. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.

Arnove, R.F., Torres, C.A. and Franz, S. eds., 2012. Comparative education: The dialectic of the global and the local. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

Attanasio, O.P., Meghir, C. and Santiago, A., 2012. Education choices in Mexico: using a structural model and a randomized experiment to evaluate Progresa. The Review of Economic Studies, 79(1), pp.37-66.

Benson, P. and Voller, P., 2014. Autonomy and independence in language learning. Routledge.

Cohen, A.D., 2014. Strategies in learning and using a second language. Routledge.

Grindle, C.F., Hastings, R.P., Saville, M., Hughes, J.C., Huxley, K., Kovshoff, H., Griffith, G.M., Walker-Jones, E., Devonshire, K. and Remington, B., 2012. Outcomes of a behavioral education model for children with autism in a mainstream school setting. Behavior modification, p.0145445512441199.

Jamkar, A. and Bansal, P.K., 2015. Issues and Challenges in Health Sciences Education. The Art of Teaching Medical Students, p.1.

Kolb, D.A., 2014. Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. FT press.

Powell, J.J., Bernhard, N. and Graf, L., 2012. The emergent European model in skill formation comparing higher education and vocational training in the Bologna and Copenhagen processes. Sociology of Education, 85(3), pp.240-258.

Quinlan, J.R., 2014. C4. 5: programs for machine learning. Elsevier.

Renninger, A., Hidi, S. and Krapp, A., 2014. The role of interest in learning and development. Psychology Press.

Shaidullina, A.R., Krylov, D.A., Sadovaya, V.V., Yunusova, G.R., Glebov, S.O., Masalimova, A.R. and Korshunova, I.V., 2015. Model of vocational school, high school and manufacture integration in the regional system of professional education. Review of European Studies, 7(1), p.63.

Siemens, G., 2014. Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age.

Simonson, M. and Zvacek, S., 2014. Teaching and learning at a distance. Information Age Pub.

Stephens, N.M., Markus, H.R. and Fryberg, S.A., 2012. Social class disparities in health and education: Reducing inequality by applying a sociocultural self model of behavior. Psychological review, 119(4), p.723.

Sultan, P. and Yin Wong, H., 2012. Service quality in a higher education context: An integrated model. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 24(5), pp.755-784.