Mental Health Conditions: Treatment Strategies And Nursing Management

Mental health conditions

Treatment strategies

Nursing management

5.3 Psychosis

· Bipolar anti-psychotic medication

· Psychotherapy

· Benzodiazepines medications (van Nierop et al. 2015).

· Assessing the nature of the problem in the patient.

· Should avoid periods of silence with the patient.

· Nurses should acknowledge their fears.

· When patient’s story is difficult to follow, nurses should ask the patient to explain more clearly (van Nierop et al. 2015).

· Nurses should assess whether the patient can remember what s/he was told before (van Nierop et al. 2015).

5.4 Organic brain/mental disorders

· Prescribed medication treatment

· Rehabilitation therapy

· Assessing the thinking ability and sleeping pattern of the patient.

· Nurses should interact therapeutically with both the emotional as well as the physical aspect of the patient (van Nierop et al. 2015).

· Nurses should provide a calm and supportive approach.

5.5 Panic disorder

· Psychotherapy

· Relaxation therapy with some appropriate techniques

· Identifying the actual reason of panic attack.

· Assessing the symptoms and body sensations associated with the panic attack.

· Helping the patient with the strategy of calm breathing and muscle relaxation technique.

5.6 Social phobia and specific phobias

· Medication process

· Cognitive behavioural therapy

· Acceptance and commitment therapy

· Social skill training.

· Nurses will assess the exact symptoms.

· Nurses will help the patient to learn how to control breath.

· Nurses will identify the sleeping disability and smoking and alcohol consuming pattern of the patient (van Nierop et al. 2015).

5.8 Post-traumatic stress disorder

· Cognitive processing therapy.

· Prolonged exposure therapy.

· Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing.

· Stress inoculation training.

· Medication.

· Identifying the main symptoms nurses will set care plan.

· Nurses will encourage the patient to talk about the trauma.

· Nurses should stay with the patient during flashback and nightmares.

· Nurses will offer reassurance of safety and security.

5.12 Borderline personality disorder

· Dialectical behaviour therapy.

· Schema-focused therapy.

· Mentalization based therapy.

· Transference-focused psychotherapy.

· Psychiatric management and medication (van Nierop et al. 2015).

· Assessing suicidal risk and other behavioural issues of the patient (Linehan et al. 2015).

· Preventing staff splitting.

· Nurses will diagnose the risk for violence to self or others (Linehan et al. 2015).

· Nurses will communicate clearly and consistently with the patients (Linehan et al. 2015).

5.13 Schizophrenia

· Psychotherapy.

· Antipsychotic drug therapy (Glover et al. 2014).

· Therapeutic relationship and medication (Glover et al. 2014).

· Look into how the hallucinations are experienced by the client.

· Nurses will decrease the environmental stimuli (Glover et al. 2014).

· Involve the client in reality-based activities.

· Nurses will intervene with medication as per the requirement (Glover et al. 2014).

5.14 Dementia

· Medications

· Occupational therapy

· Modifying the environment.

· Identifying the symptoms nurses will set action plan.

· Nurses will encourage the patients to do exercise in order to improve strength and cardiovascular health.

· Nurses will plan curriculum activities for the patients to live a better life.

The 5 (five) principles of recovery in the mental health context are as follows.

Uniqueness of the individual-

This principle recognizes that recovery is not meant by complete cure but the patient can live a better, purposeful and satisfying life along with that, being valued by the community members (Park et al. 2014).
It accepts that recovery outcomes are unique as well as personal.
Empower individuals to understand that they are at the centre of care and attention.

Real choices-

Empower and support each and every patient to make their own choices to find the way of living life.
It supports individual so that they become more responsible and build their strength too.
Ensuring the patients about the existence of balance between the duty of care and support for individuals (Park et al. 2014).

iii. Attitudes and rights-

Involving the patient to participate in communication to actively learn and listen about what is important to every individual.
Promoting the legal and the human rights of every individual.
Supporting individual to develop and maintain social relationships and occupational as well as vocational activities (Park et al. 2014).
Helps individuals to live a meaningful life in future.

Dignity and respect-

Consists of being respectful, honest as well as courteous in all the interactions.
It challenges stigma and discrimination present in the society.
Involves respect and sensitivity of every individual for their culture, beliefs as well as values (Park et al. 2014).

Partnership and communication-

Involves working in partnership as well as in individuals.
Values the importance of communication to share relevant information for enabling effective management (Park et al. 2014).
Involves working in realistic and positive cultures to set their goals, hopes and aspirations.

Mental health conditions	Common behaviour	Effect of behaviour on the person
9.1 Schizophrenia	Thought process disorders, mood disorder and depression	Affects personal relationships, mental stability.
9.2 Obsessive compulsive disorder	Repetitive behaviour and excessive double-checking of activities done.	Hampers personal relationships and mental peace of the patient.

10.

The effect of stigma includes the feeling of hopelessness, shame and isolation from the society among the patients. In this disorder, patient becomes reluctant to ask for help or treatment also. This affects the social and personal relationship. Even, due to such disorder a person may not get employment and other opportunities in the society (Glover et al. 2014). The patient also suffers from self-doubt and it affects their mental health in a negative way.

12.1

Challenging behaviour is an aggressive behaviour of a patient in which verbal as well as physical attack can occur. It is a common behavioural disorder among the dementia patients. Dealing with such behaviour can be challenging for the nurses as well as other health professionals (Sheehan et al. 2015).

12.2

Person centred care plan should be prepared in order to manage the challenging behaviour of the dementia patient. Various types of sensory simulations such as hand massage can help the patient. Music can soothe the patient and provide some relaxation (Sheehan et al. 2015).

References

Glover, G., Bernard, S., Branford, D., Holland, A. and Strydom, A., 2014. Use of medication for challenging behaviour in people with intellectual disability. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 205(1), pp.6-7.

Linehan, M.M., Korslund, K.E., Harned, M.S., Gallop, R.J., Lungu, A., Neacsiu, A.D., McDavid, J., Comtois, K.A. and Murray-Gregory, A.M., 2015. Dialectical behavior therapy for high suicide risk in individuals with borderline personality disorder: a randomized clinical trial and component analysis. JAMA psychiatry, 72(5), pp.475-482.

Park, M.M., Zafran, H., Stewart, J., Salsberg, J., Ells, C., Rouleau, S., Estein, O. and Valente, T.W., 2014. Transforming mental health services: a participatory mixed methods study to promote and evaluate the implementation of recovery-oriented services. Implementation science, 9(1), p.119.

Sheehan, R., Hassiotis, A., Walters, K., Osborn, D., Strydom, A. and Horsfall, L., 2015. Mental illness, challenging behaviour, and psychotropic drug prescribing in people with intellectual disability: UK population based cohort study. Bmj, 351, p.h4326.

van Nierop, M., Viechtbauer, W., Gunther, N., Van Zelst, C., De Graaf, R., Ten Have, M., Van Dorsselaer, S., Bak, M., van Winkel, R. and OUtcome of Psychosis (GROUP) investigators, 2015. Childhood trauma is associated with a specific admixture of affective, anxiety, and psychosis symptoms cutting across traditional diagnostic boundaries. Psychological medicine, 45(6), pp.1277-1288.

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