Identify and discuss the sources of environmental pollution produced by the construction industry . Is there evidence that these sources of pollution are adequately controlled? Explain how you have arrived at your conclusion regarding control?
In current times, environmental pollution has become a serious issue all over the nation. It has been affected the life and health of the people. Along with this, it is essential to control the environment pollution for the safety of people and environment also. This research paper would be helpful to describe the major sources of environmental pollution that are formed by the constructions industry. Moreover, the paper would also be useful to demonstrate the evidence that show that these sources of pollution are controlled in an adequate manner. In addition, the paper would also be beneficial to recommend procedures that could recover pollution control within the industry.
The development business is additionally a noteworthy wellspring of ecological contamination as around 5% of gas discharges, more water contamination than different commercial enterprises and numerous commotion contamination dissensions in every year (Chan and Chan, 2004). The primary territories of ecological contamination delivered concern are air, water and clamor contamination by the development business these are:
Air pollution sources:
In the words of Morledge and Jackson (2001) development exercises, for example, land clearing, diesel motors use in operation, annihilation, smoldering, and working with harmful materials are the real sources that add to air contamination. All construction activities generate high levels of dust from cement, concrete, wood, stone, and silica that creates air pollution. Moreover, constructions related machines, loading or transportation vehicles, and heavy equipment use diesel that is the major source of generates air pollution as discharge huge carbon emission. Diesel motor depletes of vehicles and substantial hardware is likewise in charge of emanations of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and carbon dioxide that pollution air and environment of the area. Diesel and oils, treated woods, plastics, glues, thinners, paints, cleaners and other hazardous chemicals are used on construction projects that generate noxious vapors and air pollution (Morledge & Jackson, 2001). The construction process most stages used chemicals, water and mixture of sand and cement that release the natural gas and generates air pollution.
Water pollution sources:
The authors Ortiz, Castells and Sonnemann (2009) state that, diesel and oil, cleaners’ chemicals, paints, other harmful toxic chemicals, building materials such as cement, and construction debris and dirt are major sources of water pollution on construction sites. While land or side is cleaned after competition of construction it causes soil erosion that runs into natural waterways turns water pollution Moreover, construction industry also required huge amount of water for build any construction or building that also affects the groundwater level (Ortiz, Castells and Sonnemann, 2009).
Noise Pollution Sources:
In the words of Pope, Dockery and Schwartz (1995), lots of noise produces from vehicles, machinery, heavy equipment and people shouting on a construction sites, so these are the major sources of noise pollution by the construction industry. Construction of building and over bridge required the use of vehicles, machinery, and heavy equipment to transport raw material and people as well as construction process that created noise pollution. Moreover, construction sites dumped toxic waste or harmful chemical in open areas and is not treating the waste properly or disposing it that created the pollutions and environmental issues related to water, air, soil and land. Construction companies or industry released pollute water release from Storage Rivers, lakes, tanks or dams, and water stockpiling compartments that influenced environment through dirty water, air and land (Pope, Dockery and Schwartz, 1995).
The above described the sources of pollution by the construction industry are adequately controlled through applied the pollution control methods and standards related to pollution control. In addition, the major construction companies and builders applied the latest technology oriented and environment friendly vehicles, machinery, and heavy equipment to reduce pollutions. The construction sites are mitigated noise pollution through constructing noise barriers such as earth mounds and vertical wall along the construction sites for creation of blockage of sound generated by heavy vehicles, machinery, and equipment. Moreover, the construction sites control dust by fine water sprays applied dampen down the site (Cole & Rousseau, 1992). The construction sites wherever possible use non-toxic paints and non hazardous materials and materials not burning on site to control source of pollution.
At the same time, the construction sites spread skips in addition to trucks stacked with development materials and in addition spread other building materials like bond, sand and other powers to stop dust spreading and to reduce air pollution. The construction companies collect wastewater created from development site exercises in settlement tanks and in addition discard remaining muck or waste as per ecological directions. In recent times, the construction companies use energy efficient vehicle and equipment engines to reduce the emission of gases and control the pollution (Haas, 1989). It evidences that a few demonstrations, laws, directions and standards must be trailed by the development organizations in the Australia to control the contamination for tackle the natural issue. Moreover, it is also evidenced that construction companies and construction sides solve the environmental problem or control the pollution sources through use the recycle, reuse, reduce use of materials, and waste administration procedures to diminish the contamination level and keep the earth. The development organizations and manufacturers are utilizing the water reuse and reuse methodology to control the water contaminations. The waste administration methodologies is the best approach to reuse, reuse and diminish utilization of materials and assets that are by the majority of the development organizations and builders to control pollutions sources for preventing the environment and protecting their stakeholders (Horvath, 2004). Moreover, construction companies, builders and construction sides apply the proper disposal of waste strategy to prevent the natural resources, climate and environment from pollutions.
Conclusion Regarding Pollution Control
The UK Environmental Agency and other government bodies are created pressure on the construction companies and builders to adequate control on the sources of environmental pollution through enforce environmental regulations. In recent times, environmental hardest regulations and the pollution fines have been high that could have been perceived as cheaper to apply pollution prevent strategies and techniques (Schwartz, 1994). Moreover, under the POEO Act, the environment protection authority (EPA) of the UK has issued environment protection licences to the owners, operators, and construction companies those involved in the construction or building projected with followed all aspects related to prevention from pollution, cleaner and safe production by applying the waste management techniques (reuse, recycle and reduce) (Spence & Mulligan, 1995).
The hardest regulations and the high pollution fines by the government bodies or environmental agency are changing the thinking or habits of the construction companies. Moreover, protection of the environment and population control is also become important strategy of develop reputation of a firm in the market through fill the corporate social responsibility (Faniran & Caban, 1998). Pollutions reduce and control measures are cost-effective, so that the construction companies are corporate into environmental and waste management strategies. Moreover, through employing environmental practices and regulations, the construction industry is well positioned to adequately control on the sources of pollutions.
On the basis of the evidence provided related to environmental pollutions sources of the construction industry and the control if these sources, it can be stated that pollution generates by the construction companies. Therefore, some environmental pollution control measures would be applied to improve pollution control within the industry. The government bodies and the Environmental Agency could improve pollution control within the industry through applied the new regulations or measures related to pollution control. Pollution from the construction activities could be control through enforce regulations or measures related to construction dust, specified processes, smoke, fuel restrictions, and open burning restriction (Carpenter, and et al., 1998). Open burning of construction waste, rubber tyres, chemical hazards disposal, cables for metal salvage, wastes and other materials for clearance of a construction site could be prohibited due to thy cause serious pollutions.
Commotion control measures could be actualized amid the development stage may include:
The above commotion control measures could be considered by the development organization to minimize clamor contamination.
Conclusion
On the basis of the above conversation, it can be said that, environmental protection is the most important problem all over the world. Along with this, it is also observed that, in compare to other industries, the construction industry produces a huge amount of pollutants together with air, noise, water, and solid waste. In addition to this, the above suggested measures would be of assistance for the construction industry in order to improve pollution control within the industry in an effective and a more comprehensive manner. Apart from this, eco-friendly construction would also be beneficial in order to reduce as well as control environmental pollution in an adequate way.
References
Carpenter, S.R., and et al., 1998. Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen. Ecological applications, 8(3), pp.559-568.
Chan, A.P. and Chan, A.P., 2004. Key performance indicators for measuring construction success. Benchmarking: an international journal, 11(2), pp.203-221.
Cole, R.J. and Rousseau, D. 1992. Environmental auditing for building construction: energy and air pollution indices for building materials. Building and Environment, 27(1), pp.23-30.
Davies, J.C. and Mazurek, J., 2014. Pollution Control in United States: Evaluating the System. Routledge.
Faniran, O.O. and Caban, G. 1998. Minimizing waste on construction project sites. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 5(2), pp.182-188.
Haas, P.M., 1989. Do regimes matter? Epistemic communities and Mediterranean pollution control. International organization, 43(03), pp.377-403.
Horvath, A. 2004. Construction materials and the environment. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour., 29, pp.181-204.
Morledge, R. and Jackson, F. 2001. Reducing environmental pollution caused by construction plant. Environmental Management and Health, 12(2), pp.191-206.
Ortiz, O., Castells, F. and Sonnemann, G., 2009. Sustainability in the construction industry: A review of recent developments based on LCA. Construction and Building Materials, 23(1), pp.28-39.
Pope, C.A., Dockery, D.W. and Schwartz, J., 1995. Review of epidemiological evidence of health effects of particulate air pollution. Inhalation toxicology, 7(1), pp.1-18.
Schwartz, J., 1994. Air pollution and daily mortality: a review and meta analysis. Environmental research, 64(1), pp.36-52.
Spence, R. and Mulligan, H. 1995. Sustainable development and the construction industry. Habitat international, 19(3), pp.279-292.
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