Globalization refers to the process of interaction and integration between people, government and companies worldwide. The process of globalization grew because of the advance in the communication and transportation technology present in the market. The activities of trade, culture grow with the help of global interaction (Aykin 2016). Further, the purpose of this essay is to enlighten the reader about the aspect of globalization along with the elements related to the concept and factors driving it. Globalization is also connected to the information communication technology, so the essay also talks about the role of information technology in influencing the activities of globalization. While globalization was emerging, many industries, people and governments faced various issues in adopting it, so the essay also includes the issues related to the case along with my personal opinion towards globalization. Further, more details about the essay are discussed below:
Globalization refers to the process of global integration of international trade activities, information technology and culture. According to Beck 2018, the process of globalization helps the companies to initiate free trade in other countries. This process makes the world flat by removing all the barriers and developing relations. This aspect helps the organizations to attain resources from different parts of the world, improve communication, increase standard of living and many other aspects as well. The process of globalization makes it much easier for the customers as well, to attain the products from different parts of the world (Begovi? 2017).
However, there are three major elements that comprises the process of globalization, these elements are political globalization, social globalization and lastly, economic globalization. Political globalization refers to the amount of co-operation that is initiated between different countries. Political globalization includes the tie-ups between the governments of different nations with an aim to create harmony in the environment and provide assistance to trade as well. This type of tie-up is organized with an aim that umbrella global organization is better than individual one as it reduces conflicts. Further, in the perspective of Giddens 2018, social globalization refers to the process of sharing of ideas and information within different nations, this type of communication helps each nation to adequately get information about the upcoming trends and maintain good relations with each other as well. Information technology plays the lead role in influencing the aspect of globalization in the countries as it helps in easy flow of information without facing any barrier in the society. Information technology or social globalization also increase the awareness of people towards the use of internet and helped them in developing the nation as well. Hirst, Thompson, and Bromley 2015 said, Social globalization is considered as an activity that eroded cultural differences present in the society. Lastly, the economic globalization refers to the element of globalization those talks about interconnectedness of different economies through trade and other agreements of exchange of resources. No economy in the current environment can work in isolation; this means that national economies influence each other. Thus, every nation requires assistance from another nation in order to work effectively. This aspect concludes to the term of economic globalization (Crane, and Matten 2016).
Apart from the key elements of globalization, various drivers of it insisted the society to shift towards this model. Earlier globalization was seen as a distant dream however, the emerging need and challenges made the communities to raise their standards and adopt globalization in the society. Further, technological changes can be looked at the biggest driver of change in the society. This aspect drives globalization by making it easier for the people to share their views, move and trade across borders. Technology is a resource that attracts people in the society and helps them to innovate their business so as to function the activities properly. So, it should be noted that technological advancement present in different parts of world gave a great push to the process of globalization worldwide. Further, decline in trade barriers worldwide took the form of high tariffs on imports of manufacturing goods. This resulted in great loss of income of governments worldwide as they have to import the goods at high rate so as to use them. Like, not all countries were equipped with petroleum like Egypt that resulted in high tariff of goods and the governments of different countries faced difficulty in purchasing it (Hay, and Marsh 2016).
Decline in investment barrier is another significant reason that acted as the driver of globalization in the economy. Investment of one country in activities of other nation acts as a win-win situation for both however, decline in this aspect increased difficulty in trade and made the countries face difficulty in attain competitive advantage as well. Competence can only be achieved in the environment when other major authorities are willing to invest in it for its development. However, increasing barriers in this case make many companies and countries suffer (Narula 2014).
As illustrated above, that information technology plays a very significant role in influencing the aspect of globalization and giving it a push as well. Before the emergence of information communication technology, globalization was thought as a model that can never be achieved by countries. However, with the help of technology, people worldwide communicated with each other with an aim to come together and trade one day. So, it can be said that information technology is the biggest driver of globalization in the society. Furthermore, after the initiation of globalization in the society, information technology helped in getting positive impact of this process in the society. Information technology plays the role of industrial structuring and job creation in the society. The application of new technology in the business process helped them in increasing and creating efficient productivity for the business (Ritzer, and Dean 2015).
The entrance of technology in this field helped the businesses to increase their scope of working and creating a long lasting relationship with different companies present in other parts of the world. Increasing scope of business increased the need of workforce as well. Resulting in which, the companies hired experts from the domestic as well as international environment that helped in completing the organizational need. IT also helped the associations in restructuring business practices to betterment of the company and society (Westrup, et. al., 2018). IT innovations increased the efficiency of the business and at the same time cut costs as well. It also increases the opportunity for people to work in technology sector as well. Further, it should be noted that education is another significant field that is also enhanced with the information technology process. And education increases the process of globalization as well. With the increase in IT, people get the chance to educate themselves more and compete in global world. In regards to which, the companies also provide employment to the expatriates so that they can help in the fulfilment of the business objective (Steger 2017).
However, the fact should be noted that every aspect has both positive and negative aspects. Similarly, in the given case of globalization, the companies and associations faced major problems in adopting it. One of the biggest issues of globalization is that it uses the finite resources with a great speed. The companies present in the industrial market uses the resources present in other part of the world due to free trade movement of globalization. Presence of no barriers in this case makes the companies to free use the finite resources that results in problem for whole world. There is no doubt that globalization increases employment but it moves the employment from less developed countries to developed countries. As soon as a person is qualified for job, they search for it in developed parts of the world. Resulting in which, the developing areas never get the opportunity to work with skimmed employees and become a developed nation (Zhang, and Gallagher 2016).
In my person opinion, I believe that whatever negative impacts globalization has on the society, still it has several positive aspects that developed the societies worldwide. The process of globalization gave a platform to the companies on which they can come and work. It also increased jobs for people and made the countries compete with each other in terms of competence. According to me, globalization highlighted several issues present in the society and combined the social activities of the country as well. Information technology played a major role in initiating the process of globalization in the society. IT practices gave a kick start to the process of globalization and development.
Thus, in the limelight of above mentioned events, the fact should be noted that globalization is an important process that helped communities to grow. The use of information technology in the society act as one of the biggest driver of the process of globalization. The above mentioned essay highlighted the elements of globalization along with its driver and role of IT in the initiating the process of globalization worldwide.
References
Aykin, N. ed., 2016. Usability and internationalization of information technology. CRC Press.
Beck, U., 2018. What is globalization?. US: John Wiley & Sons.
Begovi?, B., 2017. The Great Convergence: Information Technology and the New Globalization by Richard Baldwin. Panoeconomicus, 64(5), pp.645-655.
Crane, A. and Matten, D., 2016. Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press.
Giddens, A., 2018. Globalization. In Sociology of Globalization(pp. 19-26). UK: Routledge.
Hay, C. and Marsh, D. eds., 2016. Demystifying globalization. Germany: Springer.
Hirst, P., Thompson, G. and Bromley, S., 2015. Globalization in question. US: John Wiley & Sons.
Narula, R., 2014. Globalization and technology: Interdependence, innovation systems and industrial policy. John Wiley & Sons.
Ritzer, G. and Dean, P., 2015. Globalization: A basic text. US: John Wiley & Sons.
Steger, M.B., 2017. Globalization: A very short introduction(Vol. 86). UK: Oxford University Press.
Westrup, C., Jaghoub, S.A., Sayed, H.E. and Liu, W., 2018, February. Taking culture seriously: ICTs, cultures and Development. In Proceedings of IFIP WG9. 4 Working Conference on ICTs and Development: New Opportunities, Perspectives and Challenges.
Zhang, F. and Gallagher, K.S., 2016. Innovation and technology transfer through global value chains: Evidence from China’s PV industry. Energy Policy, 94, pp.191-203.
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