Effect Of Physical Exercise Over Prescription Medication To Stay Focused Or Staying On Task

Methodology

This report is based on providing an effective analysis (Regression, T-test and others) on Effect of Physical Exercise over Prescription Medication to Stay Focused or Staying on Task. This report includes a summary on ADHD to identify the neurodevelopment disorders. In addition, this report also focused on providing an effective idea about the research methodology that is required to lead this study towards success. Last part of this report focused on analyzing the gathered data and information.

Research methodology is necessary to conduct research in most scientific, rational and systematic process. It helps to collect data and execute the actual research in a systematic way. A proper research methodology is comprised of research philosophy, approach, and design, data collection technique, sampling technique.

In order to analyse effect of physical exercise over prescriptions medication to stay focused on task appropriate research hypothesis is made. The mull hypothesis is concerned with the fact; prescribed medicines are only way to stay focused on task and physical activities are ineffective in this regard. The alternative hypothesis are just opposite of null hypothesis and it states that physical activity stimulates brain function along, therefore physical activity are important along with taking medicines. In order to conduct research 100 respondents are chosen and they were asked to fill questionaries of nine questions.

According to Daniel (2018), rresearch philosophy is concerned with beliefs and assumptions to develop research in scientific and rational manner. There are mainly four types of research philosophies and these are positivism, realism, pragmatism and interpretivism. For the present research purpose, the chosen research philosophy is positivism as positivism deals with scientific methods. Therefore, positivism will help to analyse the topics on basis of scientific theory.

Research approach is related with preparing plan, procedures to collect data for conducting the analysis. There are mainly two types of research approach and these are deductive and inductive research approach. The deductive research approach deals with analysing research topics on basis of existing observation (Lewis, 2015). The inductive research approach is used to find trend within the data. In the present research of analysing effect of physical activity on children and adults along with medicines, the deductive method is most suitable.  

As stated by Vaioleti, (2016), research design is related with designing research systematically and organised manner. It is crucial to choose appropriate type of research design to conduct the research properly. Mainly three types of research designs are applied and these are explanatory, exploratory and descriptive research design. The descriptive research design as suggested by the name related with describing research topics clearly. The descriptive research design is applied in the present research for understanding effect of physical activity on mind and cognitive functions of individual along with medicines.

Data collection is the most crucial part of any research process as inaccurate data can lead to wrong results. The wrong result can hamper the purpose of research. There are mainly two types of data and these are primary data and secondary data. The primary data are more authentic as it is collected from the original source of data therefore; there is less chance of wrong information. The secondary data are basically second hand data as it is collected with a different purpose and used for another research. The type of data can be divided as qualitative and quantitative data and qualitative data are not numerical value. The quantitative data are related with numerical value. In the present research, primary data is used as data is directly collected by questioning patients and answer of question can be given in numerical value.    

Research Outline

Population is complete set of data with some common characteristics and sample is taken form population. Every patient is part of population and from them 100 patients is chosen. The sampling technique used in the research is random sampling techniques. For analysing the topics clearly it is not possible to work with huge set of data, only sample of 100 respondents are chosen. There are nine questions in questionaries to gather information about the topics. The information collected from patient is used to understand the research topics.  

Null Hypothesis (H₀): The only way for an individual to take prescription medicine, physical activity does not make a difference.

Alternative Hypothesis (H₁): Physical activity stimulates the brain, along with waking our joints, muscles to make an individual more alert.

One-Sample Statistics
	N	Mean	Std. Deviation	Std. Error Mean
Does prescription medicine is helpful for activating physical activities of an individual	100	1.69	.734	.073

One-Sample Test
	Test Value = 0
t	df	Sig. (2-tailed)	Mean Difference	95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
Lower	Upper
Does prescription medicine is helpful for activating physical activities of an individual	23.013	99	.000	1.690	1.54	1.84

The hypothesis tries to find the relation between dependent and independent variable, with the help of a hypothesis. Researcher will accept the null hypothesis if physical activity is not helpful for stimulating individual’s health and reject the null and accept the alternative if, physical activities is helpful for stimulating individual’s health. In order to establish the hypothesis a one sample t test has been done on the data. It is obtained that, the value of t is 23.013, here the degrees of freedom are 99 and mean difference is 1.690. the hypothesis can be established with the help of p value, as researcher will accept the alternative and reject the null hypothesis is the p value is less than 0.05. However, the data shows that, p value obtained is 0.000, which is less than 0.05, thus, researcher will reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative. Therefore, physical activities are helpful in stimulating individual’s health.

Null hypothesis (H₀): The only way for an individual to stay focused and on task is to take prescription medicine.

Null hypothesis (H₀): Physical activity does not make a difference.

Alternative Hypothesis (H₁): Physical activity releases chemicals from the brain which affect focus and attention.

Correlations
	Do you believe that the only way for an individual to stay focused and on task is to take prescription medicine?	How far do you believe that physical activity stimulates the brain, along with waking our joints, muscles to make an individual more alert?
Pearson Correlation	Do you believe that the only way for an individual to stay focused and on task is to take prescription medicine?	1.000	.101
How far do you believe that physical activity stimulates the brain, along with waking our joints, muscles to make an individual more alert?	.101	1.000
Sig. (1-tailed)	Do you believe that the only way for an individual to stay focused and on task is to take prescription medicine?	.	.158
How far do you believe that physical activity stimulates the brain, along with waking our joints, muscles to make an individual more alert?	.158	.
N	Do you believe that the only way for an individual to stay focused and on task is to take prescription medicine?	100	100
How far do you believe that physical activity stimulates the brain, along with waking our joints, muscles to make an individual more alert?	100	100

Model Summaryb
Model	R	R Square	Adjusted R Square	Std. Error of the Estimate
1	.101a	.010	.000	.494
a. Predictors: (Constant), How far do you believe that physical activity stimulates the brain, along with waking our joints, muscles to make an individual more alert?
b. Dependent Variable: Do you believe that the only way for an individual to stay focused and on task is to take prescription medicine?

ANOVAa
Model	Sum of Squares	df	Mean Square	F	Sig.
1	Regression	.249	1	.249	1.020	.315b
Residual	23.941	98	.244
Total	24.190	99
a. Dependent Variable: Do you believe that the only way for an individual to stay focused and on task is to take prescription medicine?
b. Predictors: (Constant), How far do you believe that physical activity stimulates the brain, along with waking our joints, muscles to make an individual more alert?

Coefficientsa
Model	Unstandardized Coefficients	Standardized Coefficients	t	Sig.	95.0% Confidence Interval for B
B	Std. Error	Beta	Lower Bound	Upper Bound
1	(Constant)	1.283	.135		9.515	.000	1.016	1.551
How far do you believe that physical activity stimulates the brain, along with waking our joints, muscles to make an individual more alert?	.048	.048	.101	1.010	.315	-.047	.143
a. Dependent Variable: Do you believe that the only way for an individual to stay focused and on task is to take prescription medicine?

In order to understand the hypothesis, researcher will use two variables, the independent variable is physical activity and dependent variable is prescription medicine. The researcher will reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis if physical activities does make any difference and researcher will reject alternative and accept the null hypothesis if physical activity does not make any difference. The value of R square is 10%, which shows that, the model is not appropriate and the variables does not fit with the model. Moreover, the data shows that, the value of R is 0.10, which shows the minimum relation among the variables. However, in order to understand the hypothesis, researcher use the p value. If the p value is less than 0.05, then researcher will accept the alternative hypothesis and reject the null hypothesis and if the p value is greater than 0.05, researcher will accept the null hypothesis and reject the alternative hypothesis. However, in this analysis, the p value is 0.00, which is less than 0.05, thus, researcher will reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis. Therefore, with the help of physical activity researcher will get the opportunity to stay fit and focused.

Q1. Can you please specify what is your age?

Years	Percentage	No. of Respondents	Total Respondents
18 – 30	28%	28The resea	100
31 – 45	25%	25	100
46 – 60	29%	29	100
Above 60	18%	18	100

Table 1: Age

Q2. Can you please specify what is your gender?

Gender	Percentage	No. of Respondent	Total Respondent
Male	51%	51	100
Female	49%	49	100

Table 2: Gender

Q3. Do you participate in any type of physical activity for the betterment of your heath?

Options	Percentage	No. of Respondent	Total Respondent
Yes	64%	64	100
No	36%	36	100

Q4. Is physical activity being helpful for creating difference in health?

Options	Percentage	No. of Respondent	Total Respondent
Yes	41%	41	100
No	28%	28	100
Maybe	31%	31	100

Table 4: Physical Activity helpful for creating difference

Q5. Does prescription medicine is helpful for activating physical activities of an individual?

Options	Percentage	No. of Respondent	Total Respondent
Yes	28%	28	100
No	37%	37	100
Maybe	35%	35	100

Table 5: Prescription Medicine is Helpful

Q6. How far do you believe that physical activities do not make any difference than prescribed medicine?

Options	Percentage	No. of Respondent	Total Respondent
Strongly Agree	22%	22	100
Agree	28%	28	100
Neutral	18%	18	100
Disagree	19%	19	100
Strongly Disagree	13%	13	100

Table 6: Physical Activities Creates Differences

Q7. How far do you believe that physical activity stimulates the brain, along with waking our joints, muscles to make an individual more alert?

Options	Percentage	No. of Respondent	Total Respondent
Strongly Agree	25%	25	100
Agree	18%	18	100
Neutral	15%	15	100
Disagree	23%	23	100
Strongly Disagree	19%	19	100

Table 7: Physical Activities help to stimulate brain

Q8. Do you believe that the only way for an individual to stay focused and on task is to take prescription medicine?

Options	Percentage	No. of Respondent	Total Respondent
Yes	31%	31	100
No	29%	29	100
Maybe	40%	40	100

Table 8: Prescription Medicine Help to Become Focused

 Q9. How far do you agree that physical activity releases chemicals from the brain which affect focus and attention?

Options	Percentage	No. of Respondent	Total Respondent
Strongly Agree	22%	22	100
Agree	27%	27	100
Neutral	18%	18	100
Disagree	20%	20	100
Strongly Disagree	13%	13	100

Table 9: Physical Activities Releases Chemical from Brain

The impact of physical activities is quite significant in human life, with the help difference hypothesis. It can be stated that, appropriate physical activity is helpful for releasing chemicals from brain which can affect adversely to different individuals. Moreover, with the help of perfect physical activities it become easy for human body to release all chemicals from body and help to become more physically fit.

Conclusion

From the above discussion, it has been identified that in order to understand the hypothesis, researcher will use two variables, the independent variable is physical activity and dependent variable is prescription medicine. The researcher will reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis if physical activities does make any difference and researcher will reject alternative and accept the null hypothesis if physical activity does not make any difference.

References:

Daniel, B. K. (2018). Empirical verification of the “TACT” framework for teaching rigour in qualitative research methodology. Qualitative Research Journal.

Lewis, S. (2015). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Health promotion practice, 16(4), 473-475.

Thomas, R., Sanders, S., Doust, J., Beller, E., & Glasziou, P. (2015). Prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 135(4), e994-e1001.

Vaioleti, T. M. (2016). Talanoa research methodology: A developing position on Pacific research. Waikato Journal of Education, 12(1).

Visser, S. N., Danielson, M. L., Bitsko, R. H., Holbrook, J. R., Kogan, M. D., Ghandour, R. M., … & Blumberg, S. J. (2014). Trends in the parent-report of health care provider-diagnosed and medicated attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: United States, 2003–2011. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 53(1), 34-46.