Discuss about the article prevention of the human immunodeficiency virus by the primary attention team for the teenagers” by Santos et al. (2017).
The aim of the assignment is to critique the article titled, “The prevention of the human immunodeficiency virus by the primary attention team for the teenagers” by Santos et al. (2017). In these assignment different aspects of the research article is critiqued using the CASP tool (Nadelson & Nadelson, 2014) as the framework. The different aspects include abstract, background of the study, data collection methods, sample design, target population, literature review, ethical considerations and the findings of the study.
The section of the article evokes curiosity as it details about the increasing incidence of HIV among adolescents and how it is a public health challenge due to lack of research focusing on HIV/AIDS prevention. This section is succinct and yet informative with relevant statistics (Nadelson & Nadelson, 2014).
The title of the article is succinct and written in 15 words. It is sufficient enough to grab the reader’s attention by triggering curiosity about HIV prevention to read the abstract of the article.
The article is presented in lucid language and is well organised with separate headings for each section. The paper well specifies the problem and its importance and states why this research is different from the existing ones. The contributions of the paper are clear along with the methods used, key results, and the implications for nursing practice. The presentation is interesting enough right from title to grab the attention of readers (Nadelson & Nadelson, 2014).
Terms
The search terms used for finding this article in databases are primary, HIV, teen, and prevention. The database searched was CINHAL and Medline.
The problem that led to investigation in the area of HIV prevention among adolescents is clearly stated. The background of the paper is set by discussing about the AIDS epidemic over the past 30 years. The purpose of the study is well established by citing the fact that there is an increasing incidence of HIV infection in adolescents and lack of sufficient investigation in this area. The author also cited that there is lack of information on HIV prevention in the Municipality of Arcoverde-PE. The objective of the purpose of the paper is very clear despite lack of clearly defined problem statement and the goals. It may be considered the strength of the study.
The target population is evident from the title of the study that states the prevention of the HIV for the teenagers. It was easy to find the target population for the readers without having to search the full text or methodology section.
The significance to the study is obvious to me as a nurse I can reformulate the care process based on the knowledge on actions required for effective implementation of the HIV promotion and prevention strategies.
There is no separate section named as literature review but the author appears to have reviewed several sources. It well established the need of the investigation and stressed importance of the promotion and prevention of HIV among adolescents. The author has cited article relevant to the area of investigation. There are a total of 18 citations and all are appropriately referenced. The author as considered both recent literature say 2016 as well as old literature dated 2010 (Mikesell, Bromley & Khodyakov, 2013).
Ethical issues were not well discussed in the study and may be considered the drawback of the research. However, highlighting the approval from ethics boards and committee indicates the consideration of the ethical issues in carrying out the research. The researcher has also obeyed the resolution from the National Health Council. The research protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the “HUOC PROCAPE through Opinion N° 1223146” (Santos et al., 2017). The author mentioned about taking informed consent from the participants and had not discussed the issue of assent. However, the issue of assent does not arise here as the participants are adults (Mikesell, Bromley & Khodyakov, 2013).
The author describes the research design as the descriptive study with the quantitative approach both in the abstract as well as methodology section. The chosen design is justified to meet the research objectives as it uses survey method. According to Heyvaert et al. (2013) the survey methods in quantitative approach are good methods as it is not possible to measure large number of samples to gain insights of natural behaviours. It is effective in describing, explaining and validating the findings.
The sample for the research is well mentioned both in the abstract as well as methodology section. In this investigation the sample population comprise of nurses from health basic units. It is well justified as they are in frontline in caring for the HIV patients. Only 20 nurses were selected which may be the drawback in presentations of the findings. As per Mikesell, Bromley, & Khodyakov (2013) the details of the inclusion and exclusion criteria increases the authenticity of the research. The participants were included only if they worked in the UBSF teams in the municipality of “Arcoverde”. The nurses who refused to participate were excluded from the research along with those who were not a part of the UBSF team in the concerned municipality. The sampling method was justified in this regard as the problem of HIV incidence is mainly associated with the “Municipality of Arcoverde-PE” and it mandates taking perspective of the nurses wring in this municipality.
The data collection method was not at all discussed in length that leads to confusion as I am not an expert in research. It may be considered drawback of the study as it prevents readers from understanding the data collection process in details (Mackey & Gass, 2013). The author has just mentioned that the data was collected through “self-administered questionnaire” where the questions are based on the nursing team’s strategies to promote health and prevent HIV. Prior to the survey the 20 nurses were interviewed and identified about the current HIV cases in singe USBF. The questionnaires that were used were pre-validated which ensures reliable findings (Heyvaert et al., 2013).
The information collected was treated in the secretive manner. No further details were given about the data analysis. It is not evident as to what measures were taken by the researcher to ensure the accuracy of the results. The research article does not also presents the statistics that were used in data interoperations. There were no details on the correlations and the use of the statistical package. The confidence interval used to measure the statistical significance of the data was also not highlighted. It greatly reduces the validity and reliability of the results. The credibility of the research appears doubtful (Terrell, 2012).
It appeared from survey that 85% of the nurses take preventive actions against the HIV affected adolescents. There are 80% of the nurses providing male condoms at the unit. As per the findings 20% of the nurses have a group of adolescents in the unit. The findings were better evident from the tabular charts than in write-up. The variables and the percentages enable readers to understand the difficulty faced by the nurses. Overall the results are discussed in manner that is reflective of data and objective (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2017). It can be said that the findings demonstrate what was hoped to found by the authors. The findings seem relevant considering limited research in this area by other authors in the field.
Conclusion of the study
The study conclude the need of investigating the experiences of the health team in coping up with the adolescents diagnosed with HIV or AIDS in recommending new strategies of health promotion of prevention among the at risk population. The implications of the findings and the discussion were crystal clear.
Lack of specific section on recommendations is the drawback of the study as per Wester et al. (2013). However, the researcher has clearly highlighted the need of further research and areas of improvement for the health team in future prevention of HIV. The findings of the investigation are sufficient to draw recommendations (Wisdom et al., 2012). Based on the findings from the article it can be concluded that there is a need of training the human resources to allow for having sufficient health teams to assist the population. They must be sensitised for working with the teenagers as according to the author there are not much people willing to work with the adolescents. The health care professionals must also be given the autonomy to implement their rights in researching about the non-existence of the adolescents in HIV services. These recommendations are supported by the study of Tanner et al. (2014). There is a need of further research in the identifying the challenged faced by the health team in cooing with HIV or AIDS among adolescents and devise HIV preventive strategies and health promotion tactics (Marrazzo et al., 2014).
There is no separate section called limitations and also the author did not mention any limiting factors of the research. It may be considered the drawback of the research, as the credibility of the findings is in doubt as per Brutus, Aguinis & Wassmer (2013). According to Terrell (2012) when conducting the survey the participant’s number must be large enough to gain confidence in results as the margin of error falls. However, the researcher has only chosen 20 nurses which mean a significant level of error may be present (De Vaus & de Vaus, 2013).
Conclusion of the essay
The article titled, “The prevention of the human immunodeficiency virus by the primary attention team for the teenagers” is well written research paper. The results are well presented in non-biased manner. The details of the study design, sample size, data collection and findings are presented in easy to read manner. However, the statistical evidence of results is neither concise nor well defined. The discussion on implications and evidence are objectively and clearly mentioned. These findings can be utilised by the nurses to act more actively in the context of HIV prevention among teenagers.
References
Brutus, S., Aguinis, H., & Wassmer, U. (2013). Self-reported limitations and future directions in scholarly reports: Analysis and recommendations. Journal of Management, 39(1), 48-75.
De Vaus, D., & de Vaus, D. (2013). Surveys in social research. Routledge. Retrieved from: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781134086313
Heyvaert, M., Hannes, K., Maes, B., & Onghena, P. (2013). Critical appraisal of mixed methods studies. Journal of mixed methods research, 7(4), 302-327.
LoBiondo-Wood, G., & Haber, J. (2017). Nursing Research-E-Book: Methods and Critical Appraisal for Evidence-Based Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Mackey, A., & Gass, S. M. (2013). Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge.
Marrazzo, J. M., Del Rio, C., Holtgrave, D. R., Cohen, M. S., Kalichman, S. C., Mayer, K. H., … & Kumarasamy, N. (2014). HIV prevention in clinical care settings: 2014 recommendations of the International Antiviral Society–USA Panel. Jama, 312(4), 390-409.
Mikesell, L., Bromley, E., & Khodyakov, D. (2013). Ethical community-engaged research: a literature review. American journal of public health, 103(12), e7-e14.
Nadelson, S., & Nadelson, L. S. (2014). Evidence?Based Practice Article Reviews Using CASP Tools: A Method for Teaching EBP. Worldviews on Evidence?Based Nursing, 11(5), 344-346.
Santos, S. C., Almeida, D. B., Oliveira, W. A. S., Alexandre, A. C. S., Lyra, F. M. P., & Barbosa, V. F. B. (2017). The prevention of the human immunodeficiency virus by the primary attention team for the teenagers. Journal of Nursing UFPE on line-ISSN: 1981-8963, 11(8), 3050-3056.
Tanner, A. E., Philbin, M. M., Duval, A., Ellen, J., Kapogiannis, B., Fortenberry, J. D., & Adolescent Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions. (2014). “Youth friendly” clinics: Considerations for linking and engaging HIV-infected adolescents into care. AIDS care, 26(2), 199-205.
Terrell, S. R. (2012). Mixed-methods research methodologies. The qualitative report, 17(1), 254-280.
Wester, K. L., Borders, L. D., Boul, S., & Horton, E. (2013). Research quality: Critique of quantitative articles in the Journal of Counseling & Development. Journal of Counseling & Development, 91(3), 280-290.
Wisdom, J. P., Cavaleri, M. A., Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Green, C. A. (2012). Methodological reporting in qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods health services research articles. Health services research, 47(2), 721-745
Essay Writing Service Features
Our Experience
No matter how complex your assignment is, we can find the right professional for your specific task. Contact Essay is an essay writing company that hires only the smartest minds to help you with your projects. Our expertise allows us to provide students with high-quality academic writing, editing & proofreading services.
Free Features
Free revision policy
$10Free bibliography & reference
$8Free title page
$8Free formatting
$8How Our Essay Writing Service Works
First, you will need to complete an order form. It's not difficult but, in case there is anything you find not to be clear, you may always call us so that we can guide you through it. On the order form, you will need to include some basic information concerning your order: subject, topic, number of pages, etc. We also encourage our clients to upload any relevant information or sources that will help.
Complete the order form
Once we have all the information and instructions that we need, we select the most suitable writer for your assignment. While everything seems to be clear, the writer, who has complete knowledge of the subject, may need clarification from you. It is at that point that you would receive a call or email from us.
Writer’s assignment
As soon as the writer has finished, it will be delivered both to the website and to your email address so that you will not miss it. If your deadline is close at hand, we will place a call to you to make sure that you receive the paper on time.
Completing the order and download