Cleaning chemicals are mainly used in the organization for killing the germs and keeping the disease away (Kline 2014). House-keeping can be a term that is related to the hotels but the term can be used in other organizations as well. As pointed out by Zemke et al. (2015), proper cleanliness one of the moist important factors in an organization. Not only the safety of the customers but the safety of the employees is necessary in an organization. Leem et al. (2014) further added that while certain ranks are being given to the companies, a huge amount of weightage is given to the cleanliness of the place. If the workplace is not clean, it will affect the health of the employees and in turn it will be affecting the business of the organization.
Just the idea of keeping the organization clean would not stop for any organization and they should see that no further issue that is rising from the cleaning techniques (Kielb et al. 2015). The cleaning materials that are being used can be of different types of qualities. Some of the low quality items that are being used can cause huge issue for cleaning purposes as those items might be cleaning the place but can also give rise to other issues (Hsieh, Apostolopoulos and Sönmez 2013). The chemicals that are being used in the cleaning materials might cause issues in the behalf of the employees. The odor of the chemical or the side effects of the chemicals can damage the health of the employees or the customers (Brody 2016). The chemicals might be cleaning the floors but creating more dangerous issues in the organizations. It will be the duty of the facility manger to look after the things that are being used while cleaning the office premises. A constant check on the quality of the products that are being used while cleaning is the duty of the facility manger (Singh 2014). If the quality of the products with which the premises are being cleaned is not up to the mark, then it will harm the office environment as a whole.
Many organizations are taking necessary to keep their office premises clean (Yusup et al. 2014). They are hiring supervisors who would help in keeping the premises clean. However, it has been seen that many employee are developing health issues due to the chemicals that are being used for cleaning. Some of the employees have developed rashes, some of the them are facing the issues of itching while some cannot stand the odor of the chemical that are being used for the cleaning purposes (Kline 2014). The issues from the chemical are affecting the work and the employees are also not satisfied. The research will throw light on the issues with the chemicals and based on the feedback of the managers and the employees will gave certain recommendations for the combating the issues.
Housekeeping is mainly done to keep the place clean. The term, ‘health hazards’ seems unlikely to go with the word, ‘clean’. However, the chemical used in the cleaning materials can at times cause health hazards (Zemke et al. 2015). Nobody might have been seriously injured due to the housekeeping chemicals, yet some of the cases have been reported where the people complained of rashes and itches due to the use of the chemicals (Leem et al. 2014). The deputy assistant director of housekeeping at North Carolina State University, Randy Reed was always eager to know the chemical constituents of the chemicals that are being used to clean the university campus. He has found that many of the people in the university complained of respiratory issues, headache and rashes that might have arose from the harsh chemical used in the cleaning items for housekeeping.
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration has warned that many house cleaning chemicals contain harmful chemical that may not be suitable for the human beings. The chemical may cause dizziness, damage the lungs headache and wheezing.
A new type of house cleaning method has been introduced called the Orbio SC 5000 split stream water technology. Some of the cleaners like Comet Cleaner and Diversey Glance use the technology to clean the floors. The cleaners do not use any chemicals and it is entirely salt-based water is passed through the system so that an electrical charge is generated. The cleaning process will heklp innmaking the floor 99% germ free and chemical free as well.
Figure 1: Orbio SC 5000
(Source: McCullough 2014)
The machine in the first trial itself has shown wonderful results. It has been able to detect amount present in the floors and urinals and clean them accordingly.
Many companies like coca-cola and universities like Chapman University has taken the steps of adopting a germ free technology that cleans the place without any side effects (Betterhealth.vic.gov.au 2017).
Some other forms of cleaning techniques that can be operated without using any chemical are:
The spray and vac systems that use pressurized water are used to remove the soil by loosening them (Kielb et al. 2015). The systems use electrolyzed and ozonated systems that turns simple water into a cleaning material. The microfiber mops and cloths are being used by these systems that require only water to remove the germs (Hsieh, Apostolopoulos and Sönmez 2013).
The exact number might not be known by as per a survey carried out by Stephen Ashkin, who is the executive director of The Green Cleaning Network has pointed out that 30% to 50% of the organizations use cleaners that do not use chemicals but only green chemicals and water to clean the places. Cleaning without chemicals are some of the latest trends that is currently doing the rounds in the market (Brody 2016). The business owners are adhering to these sustainable practices to give an entirely different view to the cleaning industry (Singh 2014).
According to Baskerville and Wood-Harper (2016), three types of research designs mainly dominate the choices of the researcher while deciding the methodology of a research work. The research designs are:
Many areas either in the society or in the market are unknown to the human beings (Nuttin 2014). Many researchers try to find out those unknown areas. When unknown areas are, being researched on then it can be called exploratory research design (Fassinger and Morrow 2013). The researcher does not know the exact research questions, objectives or hypothesis. Khan (2014) further added that the types of participants who will be required to carry out the research work is not clear to the researcher. The researcher starts investigating about the topic and eventually come across the factors that will help in getting the result of the research. As opined by Custer (2014) the researcher might have thought of some outcome for the research but the result might be entirely different from the expected outcome of the research work.
Smith (2015) explained that those researchers who are conducting a research on a natural phenomenon use the explanatory research design. From the beginning, the researcher knows that certain happening in the nature and certain things are tend to happen at any point of time with during the research or after the research. After the submission of the paper, the things might change (Walker et al. 2014). Brinkmann (2014) feels that the disclaimer for the researcher should be given in the initial stage if they are carrying out any kind of research in the natural environment.
Descriptive research design can be taken into consideration by those researchers where the types of participants required while carrying out the work (Literat 2013). The researcher is using descriptive research design when the person is doing a research to find out any issue. Rageh, Melewar and Woodside (2013) stated that there is always a possibility that some other researcher have already done the research in a similar topic. The researcher is able to form proper hypothesis, research objectives and questions. The researcher know the exact questions to ask and the types of data that will be required to complete the work (Gries 2013)
For the present research, descriptive research design will be selected. For carrying out the particular research, the types of participants who will be required is already known. The researcher is being carried out to know the issues on the cleaning materials. Hence, the feedback of the managers who are working in various organizations will be required to complete the research work. On the other hand, the feedback of the employees who are working in the organization will be required to carry out the work. No new research is being done on this topic for the current research. As per the secondary data, research works have been carried out in this particular topic. While carrying out the research, the previous research works can be used as the secondary data. The research has certain objectives, questions and hypotheses that will help the readers in understanding the exact thing that will be investigated (Palinkas et al. 2015). As per the idea of Yanow and Schwartz-Shea (2015), the research is structured and has a proper way of execution, hence, the descriptive research design will be perfect for the present research work.
Flick (2014) opined, a researcher can retrieve the data for any research from two main sources. They are:
The other name for carrying out a desk study is depending on the secondary data (Bryman and Bell 2015). The researcher would not carrying out any kind of interview and will only depend on the works that have been done by other researchers for carrying out the research. Silverman (2016) added that the person would not have to schedule any interview and there would not be any real participant while carrying out a desk study. The previous data will be thoroughly studied so that the data could be used for the present research work (Baskerville and Wood-Harper 2016). These data is being compared and a result is being reached based on the comparison that is being made and the result of the secondary research. Nuttin (2014) pointed out that the advantage of this type of research is that there is no need to carry out interview and hence, time will be saved. On the contrary, Fassinger and Morrow (2013) argued that the absence of real participants might affect the result of the research work.
For many research works, the interview of the real participants is given special attention to complete the research work (Khan 2014). Secondary data are being collected for those papers but the primary data holds an importance for the work. However, Custer (2014) stressed on the fact that the data analysis is centered on the primary data. The primary data can be collected either by surveying a majority of people or by carrying out a face-to-face or online interviews. The presence of the real participants makes the research more enriched (Smith 2015). They are able to tell about their real experiences and those feedbacks help in giving better insight of the research world (Walker et al. 2014). However, Brinkmann (2014) argued that the main problem for carrying out this type of research work is that it is time consuming. The survey process should be in until the desired numbers of participants are reached. Moreover, the participants can be biased for giving any type of answer (Literat 2013). On the other hand, Rageh, Melewar and Woodside (2013) added that a research gets a proper weigh when the feedbacks of the real participants are taken into account.
For the current research, both desk study and the interview of the participants will be carried out to get a proper outcome of the research work. The desk study will be taken into consideration to get an idea of the feedbacks of various authors who have studied about the present topic regarding the issues in the cleaning items. In addition to the secondary data, the primary data will also be collected. Five mangers from five different organizations will be interviewed. In addition to this, the feedbacks of 100 employees who are working in various organizations will be collected so that they are able to tell about any such issues that they are facing due to the chemical in the cleaning items.
The feedback of the employees will be collected by keeping in mind quantitative data collection technique. As the number of employees will be more, detailed interviews will not be taken from them (Gries 2013). They will be given a questionnaire with close-ended questions and multiple-choice answers. The quantitative data collection technique will help in getting an overall idea from the participants (Yanow and Schwartz-Shea 2015). The feedbacks of the five mangers will be collected by taking into account the qualitative data collection technique. As the number of managers will be less, qualitative data collection technique will be apt for carrying out the research process (Palinkas et al. 2015). The managers will be given open-ended questions where they will be giving their feedback in detail.
The managers and the employees are working in a professional organization. They might be having certain constraints in giving any kind of information (Flick 2014). If any of the participants denies taking part in the research work, then the employees will not be forced to take part in the research work (Bryman and Bell 2015). In addition to this, the participants may not like to give information about their office. If they are not comfortable in giving all the information they could not be forced to give the information (Silverman 2016).
The personal information of the employees is important. The personal information would not be leaked at any cost (Baskerville and Wood-Harper 2016). The research paper will not have the names of the participants or the place where they are working. The feedbacks of the participants will b taken unanimously.
The itches, rashes and headaches that have been considered to be the symptoms of issues from the chemicals used in the cleaning materials. However, any individual can develop such issues due to other sources. If those participants are being interviewed, they will be saying the same symptoms but the reason will be entirely different. Even though the feedbacks of the participants is one of the most important factor for the research work, those feedbacks will only result in misleading the research result (Nuttin 2014).
Many companies are there in the market. Only five managers will be interviewed while carrying out the research work. The issues that have been faced by the managers may not be faced by the mangers of other companies. The constraints in the number of participants will be a limitation for the research work. If other managers could have been interviewed then the result might have been different from the present research (Fassinger and Morrow 2013).
Limitations will also be seen as far as the numbers of employees are being concerned. Many employees are working in different organizations. Out of those only 100 who will be interviewed, selection will be done in a random manner. However, if the sample size would have been more, better results could have been achieved by the research (Khan 2014).
Limitation will be faced while the participants will be giving their interviewee. They will have professional constraints and they may not be able to answer to all the questions properly (Custer 2014). Some information might be important for the research work but the participants might not say those (Smith 2015). Limitations can be faced while retrieving the secondary information. Many website do not let the users get the information free (Walker et al. 2014). The user either have to sign up for membership or will have to pay for the material. In such a situation, it will be difficult to incorporate all the information in the research page.
|
Research activities |
1st week |
2nd week |
3rd week |
4th+5th week |
6th week |
7th week |
|
Selection of topic for the research and sanction of the topic |
||||||
|
Doing the desk study research and preparing literature review |
||||||
|
Preparing research methodology |
||||||
|
Interviewing the participants |
||||||
|
Analysis the primary and the secondary data |
||||||
|
Writing the findings |
||||||
|
Writing the conclusion |
||||||
|
Preparing the final work and submission of the work |
|
Research activities |
Expected budget for research |
|
Getting the secondary data |
$600 |
|
Receiving consent for carrying out the interview to get the primary data (if any) |
$400 |
|
Cost of travelling |
$450 |
|
Stationery items cost |
$350 |
|
Miscellaneous |
$200 |
|
Total |
$2000 |
References
Baskerville, R.L. and Wood-Harper, A.T., 2016. A critical perspective on action research as a method for information systems research. In Enacting Research Methods in Information Systems: Volume 2 (pp. 169-190). Springer International Publishing.
Betterhealth.vic.gov.au 2017. Antibacterial cleaning products. [online] Betterhealth.vic.gov.au. Available at: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/antibacterial-cleaning-products [Accessed 18 Jun. 2017].
Brinkmann, S., 2014. Interview. In Encyclopedia of Critical Psychology (pp. 1008-1010). Springer New York.
Brody, D., 2016. Housekeeping by Design: Hotels and Labor. University of Chicago Press.
Bryman, A. and Bell, E., 2015. Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA.
Custer, D., 2014. Autoethnography as a transformative research method. The qualitative report, 19(37), pp.1-13.
Fassinger, R. and Morrow, S.L., 2013. Toward best practices in quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method research: A social justice perspective. Journal for Social Action in Counseling and Psychology, 5(2), pp.69-83.
Flick, U., 2014. An introduction to qualitative research. Sage.
Gries, L.E., 2013. Iconographic tracking: A digital research method for visual rhetoric and circulation studies. Computers and Composition, 30(4), pp.332-348.
Hsieh, Y.C.J., Apostolopoulos, Y. and Sönmez, S., 2013. The world at work: hotel cleaners. Occupational and environmental medicine, 70(5), pp.360-364.
Khan, S.N., 2014. Qualitative research method: Grounded theory. International Journal of Business and Management, 9(11), p.224.
Kielb, C., Lin, S., Muscatiello, N., Hord, W., Rogers?Harrington, J. and Healy, J., 2015. Building?related health symptoms and classroom indoor air quality: a survey of school teachers in New York State. Indoor air, 25(4), pp.371-380.
Kline, S.F., 2014. HOTEL GUEST ROOM CLEANING: A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH. Food Safety: Researching the Hazard in Hazardous Foods, p.303.
Lee, S.J., Nam, B., Harrison, R. and Hong, O., 2014. Acute symptoms associated with chemical exposures and safe work practices among hospital and campus cleaning workers: a pilot study. American journal of industrial medicine, 57(11), pp.1216-1226.
Literat, I., 2013. “A pencil for your thoughts”: Participatory drawing as a visual research method with children and youth. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 12(1), pp.84-98.
McCullough, D. 2014. ‘Chemical-free’ cleaning is trending in the commercial sector. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2014/jun/25/chemical-free-eco-cleaning-commercial-sector-households#img-2 [Accessed 18 Jun. 2017].
Nuttin, J., 2014. Future time perspective and motivation: Theory and research method. Psychology Press.
Palinkas, L.A., Horwitz, S.M., Green, C.A., Wisdom, J.P., Duan, N. and Hoagwood, K., 2015. Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), pp.533-544.
Rageh, A., Melewar, T.C. and Woodside, A., 2013. Using netnography research method to reveal the underlying dimensions of the customer/tourist experience. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 16(2), pp.126-149.
Silverman, D. ed., 2016. Qualitative research. Sage.
Singh, A., 2014. Hotel housekeeping modern practices, challenges and opportunities–An appraisal. International Journal of Research in IT and Management, 4(3), pp.38-44.
Smith, J.A. ed., 2015. Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. Sage.
Walker, M., Fredericks, B., Mills, K. and Anderson, D., 2014. “Yarning” as a method for community-based health research with indigenous women: the indigenous women’s wellness research program. Health Care for Women International, 35(10), pp.1216-1226.
Yanow, D. and Schwartz-Shea, P., 2015. Interpretation and method: Empirical research methods and the interpretive turn. Routledge.
Yusup, M.Z., Wan Mahmood, W.H., Salleh, M.R. and Tukimin, R., 2014. A review on optimistic impact of cleaner production on manufacturing sustainability. Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology (JAMT), 7(2).
Zemke, D.M.V., Zemke, D.M.V., Neal, J., Neal, J., Shoemaker, S., Shoemaker, S., Kirsch, K. and Kirsch, K., 2015. Hotel cleanliness: will guests pay for enhanced disinfection?. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 27(4), pp.690-710.
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