Homicide is the term meaning illegal killing of people. Homicide is one of the most serious and threatening crimes that happens in the society. The law enforcement agencies and the criminal justice system in Australia are the organization to prevent homicide in the country. The agencies work both at the national and state level for the implementation of policies and gather evidence for the crime. The National Homicide Monitoring Program helps in the operating and monitoring the developments in the crime of Homicide (Forell, 2017).
The National Homicide Monitoring Program is the agency who collects the data relating to the homicidal incidents in the country. The NHMP collects data relating to the murder or manslaughter, suicides, which the police charged as murder, and all other unnatural deaths, which the police consider as murder (McPhedran et al., 2015).
The Domestic and Family Violence Death Review Unit (DFVDRU) collect data samples regarding the domestic violence and cases of domestic homicides in Queensland. Here are some statistical data, which provides the data of cases related to domestic homicides in Queensland. The statistical data is based on the current analysis of the domestic homicides starting from the year 2006 to 2016. As per the data of the DFVDRU, there are 248 people including men women and children in domestic homicide. Below is the figure, which will depict the scenario of the Domestic Homicide in Queensland (Tyson, Kirkwood & Mckenzie, 2017).
Figure.1- Data of Domestic Homicides from 2006-2016
Source: As created by Author
The above figure shows the data relating to the rate of domestic homicide in Queensland Australia (Queensland Police News, 2017). The data has been analyzed based on three categories the green indicates the intimate partners, brown as the family and the blue indicates bystander for the years from 2006 to 2016. From the year 2006-16, homicides made by the bystanders are 19, by the family and in-laws are 109 and by the intimate partners are 138. The graph points indicate that the number of homicides is not decreasing in number. However, if we divide the graph period taking 5 years data then we will find that from 2006 to 2011 the total number of homicide is 123 whereas in the next five year that is 2012 to 2016 the number has just decreased by 120. Therefore, this shows that something is lacking in the prevention of domestic violence, which tends to domestic homicide (Clarke & Bowers, 2017).
The methodology that should be implemented in the system to prevent the commission of homicide should be based on certain data, which is provided by the NHMP. The NHMP provides data and has the source from the police and investigation agencies of the country or state. The program also sources its data from the post-mortem reports of the persons who has died of domestic homicide (McPhedran, 2016). The source of the data can also be gathered from the offence report, which is forwarded by the police to the Australian Institute of Criminology. The police is said to be the member of the investigation and enforcement system of the state. The police officers use various techniques to collect data or evidences regarding the domestic homicide. The police investigate the details of the homicide and collect evidence from the crime scene or through interrogation and interview of the victims close relatives. The most important in the domestic homicide cases is the collection of evidences. Post mortem, report is the strongest evidence in the homicide cases as well as the weapon used in the homicide is also the strongest evidence after being scrutinized in the forensic lab. In case of applying the interviewing techniques, each and every people should be interviewed one after another and separate from each other. The main suspicion in the homicide case should be the close relative and family members (Sebire, 2017).
Looking into the graph, it shows that homicide happens regularly in Australia. The regular happenings of domestic homicides affect greatly on the communities of Australia. The research on the impacts of homicides on community is that the confidence of the public falls low. The homicide has a wide spread effect on the communities in relation to the security. Domestic homicides have an impact over the private communities such as the close relatives. The crime has an strong effect over the immediate contacts of the victim. The immediate contacts of the victim may feel insecure that the police officials may harass them. The generalized public also has a severe effect of the crime in the society. The crime also has an impact over the children living in the society. Regularly looking into these domestic homicides in the society and its implications on the victims and the families may have a greater impact on the children (Dawson, 2017).
The sociological theories best examine the causes of the domestic homicides in the community. The effects of the poverty have a main cause of domestic homicide in the society. There are various examples of domestic homicide, which have been caused mainly because of poverty. The other reasons of domestic homicide are low risk of the interference of the social institutions or the environment on which the accused brought up, the children who are violent in their adolescent should be checked and counseled (Knoll, 2016).
Presently the community is serious and greatly affected by the issue of domestic homicide in the country. The administration and the implementation of the law enforcing bodies rarely react to the issue of domestic homicides. However, if the implementation authorities becomes more strict then the culprits of such crimes will not get courage to commit such crimes (Caman et al., 2017).
The characteristics of the homicides differ with genders, caste, society, as well as religion. However, the maximum numbers of domestic homicides in the recent days are reducing within the male intimate partners than the female partners. The causes may be several but the recent trend says that women to get the maximum freedom from their partners and in-laws are the cause of such domestic homicide. In many cases, we have found that it is the women who have accused of killing their male partners. In many cases the intoxication often leads to murder of their intimate partners (Chan & Payne, 2013).
Domestic homicide is a crime which is in built in the society but it can be prevented only when the punishments are the law enforcing body will act strictly and seriously in the matters. Moreover, the societal institutions have to be strict to teach their children basic norms of the society. The societal institutions should also implement strict punishments on the committers of such heinous crimes. Domestic homicide is like a public health problem, which spread very fast within the society. The societal institutions should build a model of harm reduction to prevent the crime in the society. The societal institutions should take such initiatives to identify the policies and programs that should be taken to prevent happening of such crimes within the society. The schools should also come forward with techniques and teachings to their students regarding prevention of violence. Violence prevention techniques should be implemented from the schools. The authority issuing firearms should have a control on the issuance of the arms license. Majority of the homicides use firearms and harder and stricter state laws should be implemented within the society to prevent such crimes. Other prevention techniques involve detecting problems and use proper treatment. The social workers and social rehabilitative centers should participate in the policy framework and prevention of domestic homicides. Persons having the behavioral problem like undesirable and destructive behavior should have treatment and the persons close to him should help him and prevent him by intervening such behavior (Bryant & Cussen, 2015).
The strategy to reduce the harm from domestic homicide is to be framed based on the different levels. On the biological level, the person having such violent behavior and has the tendency to create harm should be rehabilitated and screened and provide proper treatment. Persons with mental disorder shall also be provided with proper treatment and refer to appropriate medical prescription. Certain motivational enhancement strategies, anger management techniques, establish school of anti-violence, make media campaigns regarding violence against domestic persons and also should campaign the penal provisions which will be implemented against the person committing such crime. Criminal justice sanctions and penalties should be harder and stricter to prevent the committers to fear from doing such crimes.
Thus, domestic homicide is a serious crime which needs to be prevented. The case of every homicide differs from each other on the grounds of fact and other circumstances. The motives and other supporting events of the victims and the offenders give rise to the crime of domestic homicide. The facts and circumstances that give rise to homicides needs to be marked and should be prevented before it is committed. In several circumstances it is very difficult for us to ascertain the reason or motive behind the commission of the crime. Therefore, we need to create such framework, implementation schemes and enact strict legislations to prevent such crimes to affect the smooth running of the society. Hence, to prevent domestic homicides to take its toll on the society we need a wider, larger, harder and stricter administration, authorities, strategically developed policy framework which will help to prevent and eradicate or decrease the rate of crime.
References:
Forell, C. (2017). Domestic Homicides: The Continuing Search for Justice. Am. UJ Gender Soc. Pol’y & L., 25, 1.
McPhedran, S., Eriksson, L., Mazerolle, P., De Leo, D., Johnson, H., & Wortley, R. (2015). Characteristics of homicide-suicide in Australia: a comparison with homicide-only and suicide-only cases. Journal of interpersonal violence, 0886260515619172.
Tyson, D., Kirkwood, D., & Mckenzie, M. (2017). Family violence in domestic homicides: a case study of women who killed intimate partners post-legislative reform in Victoria, Australia. Violence against women, 23(5), 559-583.
Clarke, R. V., & Bowers, K. (2017). Seven misconceptions of situational crime prevention. Handbook of crime prevention and community safety, 109-142.
McPhedran, S. (2016). A systematic review of quantitative evidence about the impacts of Australian legislative reform on firearm homicide. Aggression and violent behavior, 28, 64-72.
Sebire, J. (2017). The value of incorporating measures of relationship concordance when constructing profiles of intimate partner homicides: A descriptive study of IPH committed within London, 1998-2009. Journal of interpersonal violence, 32(10), 1476-1500.
Dawson, M. (Ed.). (2017). Domestic homicides and death reviews: An international perspective. Springer.
Knoll, J. L. (2016). Understanding Homicide–Suicide. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 39(4), 633-647.
Caman, S., Howner, K., Kristiansson, M., & Sturup, J. (2017). Differentiating intimate partner homicide from other homicide: A Swedish population-based study of perpetrator, victim, and incident characteristics. Psychology of violence, 7(2), 306.
Chan, A., & Payne, J. (2013). Homicide in Australia: 2008-09 to 2009-10 National Homicide Monitoring Program Annual Report. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology.
Bryant, W., & Cussen, T. (2015). Homicide in Australia: 2010-11 to 2011-12: National Homicide Monitoring Program report. Australian Institute of Criminology.:
Queensland Police News. (2017). Queensland Police News – Queensland Police news and information. [online] Available at: https://Mypolice.qld.gov.au [Accessed 6 Jul. 2017].
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