The research methodology discusses all the methods and the research strategies which will be used by the researcher in pursuing the research objectives. It provides a blue print of all the research methods which will be used by the researcher. It is the systematic and organized representation of the research methods which will be used by the researcher in the research. The research methodology can be defined as the manner in which the research will be undertaken. It discusses the various methods used in the research study and methods of data collection (Anderson, 2004). The focus of the research methodology is not in defining the specific research methods used in the research, but discussing the flow of the research study. It is commonly used in designing the research.
The research objectives represent the aim of the research. The aim of the present research is to acquire current knowledge regarding the role of the strategic management to enhance the performance of the organization. In the present research study, the research objectives can be formed as:
The strategic management has been commonly used by the business organizations in establishing the growth of the business enterprise. The companies have started realizing that determining strategic objectives of the organization can boost the growth of the organization. It assists in creating motivating employees and increasing their performance. When the individual performance of the employees increases, it increases the overall performance of the organization. The strategic management techniques can be used for increasing the performance of the organization. Grameenphone Limited is the pioneer business organization in Bangladesh. It was established in 1996 and since then it has remained successful in becoming the largest telecommunication organization in the country. The company has used strategic management techniques to drive the performance of the individual employees as well as the organization. It has also used the strategic management to implement strategies and policies related to business processes and organization development such that the organization can achieve higher performance. Therefore, the current research study will examine the importance of the strategic management techniques in enhancing the organization performance (Gill and Johnson, 2010).
The research will examine the manner in which the strategic management can enhance the performance of the organization. It is a widely-accepted fact that the strategic management is crucial for the benefit of the organization. However, it is directly related to the strategy development and deployment in an organization. It can be critiqued that the present research will be beneficial for examining the strategies which can be used for the development of the organization. Different business organizations can use the results of the study for uplifting their performance level (Kuanda, 2012). The study will also be beneficial for the researchers and scholars for designing strategies which can be effectively used by the business organization.
The research study will be significant to the management of the business organizations. The senior and the strategic managers of the organization will be able to more effectively implement strategies for complex and challenging decisions. The research will also focus on the telecommunication industry. Therefore, this research can be used by the management of the telecommunication organizations to identify the strategies which will be beneficial for their companies. It can also be used by the management of the companies in other industry to increase their performance. The scholars can use the information collected in this research to develop different strategies which can further the growth of the organization (Lancaster, 2005).
The research onion provides an effective manner in which the research methodology can be designed for the research. The research onion was designed by Saunder et al. (2007) who stated that there are certain research stages which must be included in the research. The research onion has several stages, and each internal stage describes a detailed stage of the research process. In an effective research methodology, each stage describes the progression through which the research should pass (Somekh & Lewin, 2004). The research onion can be used in different types of research and can be adapted for different research methods.
Figure: Research Onion
(Source: Saunders, 2011)
The research philosophy denotes the viewpoint or the stance of the researcher towards the research. It denotes the perception of the researcher and how he will view the entire research process. The personal belief and the perception of the researcher impacts on the choice of the research methods and outcomes of the research study. Primarily, there are two types of research philosophies, namely, positivism and interpretivism. The positivism research philosophers are of the viewpoint that the research study is independent of the views of the researcher. The researcher should be separate from the research study and should not impact on the results of the research. It is applied with quantitative research methods such as survey as there is minimal impact of the researcher on the research outcomes (Kara, 2015). On the other hand, the interpretivism research paradigm states that the viewpoint and the personal perception of the researcher are crucial in the research outcomes. It does not separate the research study from the researcher and states that the lens through which the researcher sees the research plays a crucial role in the research study (Creswell and Clark, 2011). According to this research paradigm, the research is influenced the researcher. The knowledge is not independent of the researcher and is interpreted by him. The qualitative research follow interpretivism paradigm. Accordingly, case study and interview follow the interpretivism research paradigm. In the present research, the positivism research paradigm will be used.
There are different types of research. The most common criteria for differentiating the research study are according to their nature. The research study can be divided in two categories, namely, qualitative research and quantitative research. The qualitative research refers to the research which employs qualitative data. This data cannot be interpreted or analyzed through statistical means. It is an exploratory research method and is used to gain a deeper understanding of the social phenomenon and to collect novel information. On the other hand, the quantitative research refers to the research in which the data collected in statistical or numerical in nature (Skott & Ward, 2012). These research are used to verify an already established hypothesis or examine that the relation between two different variables. Survey is commonly used as a quantitative research method (Kasi, 2009). The qualitative information can be collected with the help of interview or case studies. In the current research, quantitative research method will be used to establish the relation between strategic management and the organization performance. The present research will obtain the information through qualitative and quantitative methods so that the research questions will be answered properly. The qualitative information will be obtained with the help of literature review. In addition to it, quantitative information will be obtained with the help of survey method. With the help of these methods, the feedback of the employee will be evaluated regarding the impact of strategic management on the organization’s performance.
There are two main research approach, these are, inductive research approach and deductive research approach. The inductive research approach is focused on generating new theories or research hypothesis with the help of collected data. The inductive research is focused on exploring social or a natural phenomenon and providing new information or hypothesis related to it. It begins with the observation and later the research questions are determined. The inductive research approach is related to the qualitative research methods. It is due to the reason that the both qualitative research and inductive research approach are focused on obtaining new information related. The inductive research approach is connected with the grounded theory which states that the researcher begins the research with s complete open mind and without any previous ideas. As a result, the researcher is able to develop new theories based on the collected data. On the other hand, the deductive approach is commonly used for testing theories or correlation between two different variables. The deductive research approach begins with a hypothesis and is commonly used with the quantitative research methods (Thyer, 2010). The primary aim of the inductive research approach is causality or to establish relation between two different variables (Wellington & Szczerbinski, 2007). Although the deductive research is commonly used with the quantitative research; there is no specific rule and both the approaches can be used in different types of research. In the present research, the deductive research approach will be used.
The research strategy refers to the strategy which will be used by the researcher to pursue the research objectives. There are different research strategies, namely, experiments, survey, case study and action based research. In the case study method, the researcher takes the real life examples and case studies and uses them to analyze certain patterns and identify specific information. The experiments are commonly used in the scientific research in which information is collected and presented with the help of research. The survey is the most popular and common method employed in the research. It is inexpensive and less time consuming. In this method a questionnaire is designed to collect the information related to the research questions (Onwuegbuzie and Frels, 2016).
The data collection methods refer to different methods which can be used for the collection of data. The data collection methods can be differentiated as primary data collection methods and the secondary data collection methods. The primary data collection methods refer to in which the data is collected first-hand during the research. The researcher will himself collect the data from original resources, which assures the authenticity and the reliability of the data. On the other hand, the secondary data collection methods refer to the methods which utilize the information collected from secondary sources. The information used in this research was collected for other purpose (Bui, 2013). The literature sources and the annual reports are the most common secondary research resources. In the present research, the data collection method of survey will be used as the primary research method. The survey is the most common method of collecting information of qualitative nature. It is less time consuming and inexpensive. It can be used to collect information to establish relation between different variables or verify a hypothesis.
In the primary research, the responses of the research participants are collected. However, it is not possible to collect the information from the entire population. Therefore, a sample is selected from the population and the results are generalized to the results of the research study. It is important that the selected sample is appropriate so that the results of the survey can be generalized in the most effective manner. There are several methods of sampling, such as random sampling, stratified sampling and cluster sampling. In the present survey, random sampling will be used. It is the most common sampling method and randomly selects the research participants for participation in the research process (Kaar, 2009). The selection of the research participants will be purely on random basis.
The sampling size of the research is selected as 103. It means that 100 research participants will be selected for the research process (Garner, Wagner & Kawulich, 2016). All the research participants will managers in the telecommunication organizations in Bangladesh. All the research participants will be the employee of Grameen phone. Among the research participants, three candidates will be at the managerial position in the company.
The data analysis is the most crucial process in the research. The data analysis refers to the methods which will be used to analyze the data collected for the research. There are several methods and software for the analysis of the data. Different software such as Excel, R and SPSS are used for the analysis of the numerical or the statistical data. On the other hand, the qualitative data can be analyzed with the help of thematic analysis. In this method, the data obtained from different sources is categorized according to different themes. In the present case, the graphical data analysis method will be used for the research (Stebbins, 2001). The graphical data analysis method analyzes the collected data and represents them in the form of graphs and charts.
The timeline for the research will be six months. During this tenure, the researcher will form research questions, aims and objectives. He will also collect the secondary data as well as the primary data in this time period. The dissertation is exhaustive process which requires the researcher to manage time and take several exhaustive activities together. Therefore, it is important to create a plan which directs the progress of the research and allocate time to different research activities. In this regard, a timeline has been selected for the research which can direct the development of the research. In this timeline, different times are allotted to different research activities (Bernard, Russell and Ryan, Gery 2010). It will also assist the researcher in examining whether the research is going behind the schedule.
A research study makes several claims and assertions which are studied by a large number of scholars. Several of the future studies are also dependent upon the current research. Therefore, it is important that the researcher ensures that the information presented in the research is authentic in nature. In the present case, the researcher has assured that the all the sources are valid and reliable in nature. While collecting the information from the secondary resources, the researcher has assured that the information is collected from authentic sources. The information is collected from peer-reviewed journal articles and books of the eminent authors. All the sources with irrelevant information or unauthentic sources have been discarded from the research. In addition, the researcher has assured that the information is not collected from blogs, Wikipedia and unauthentic websites (Creswell, 2013). During the primary research, the researcher has adopted all the methods to ensure that the information collected is authentic in nature. The research participants are given ample time so that they can fill the information accurately. There is voluntary participation of the research participants so that the credibility of the information can be maintained. All the research participants are provided with a consent form which they have to fill in a pre-defined time. When the research participants send their interest then an interview questionnaire is sent to them.
It is important to follow the ethical consideration in the research as they define the norms for the proper conduct. The ethical considerations are used to distinguish the right actions from the wrong actions and establish difference between acceptable and unacceptable behavior. The ethical considerations are important in research as it prevents the fabrication or falsification of data. It also promotes gathering truth or correct knowledge. It creates a collaborative work environment as it encourages the environment of trust, accountability and respect. The ethical considerations are important due to several different factors such as data sharing, confidentiality and copyright issues (GUstavsson, 2007). When the researcher will follow the ethical guidelines, the public will trust and believe in the research outcomes. While conducting research, the researcher should also follow appropriate guidelines for human rights issue, animal welfare and compliance with law and the safety standards (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault, 2015). Compliance to the ethical standards is necessary for the research as it directly impacts on credibility of the research. In the present research, all the ethical considerations are followed. The researcher has ensured that the data is collected from the authentic resources. Unreliable resources such as Wikipedia, blogs article and the personal viewpoint of the researcher have been examined during the research. Special consideration is given to the privacy and the confidentiality of the research participants. The personal information of the research participants is kept undisclosed so that no misuse can occur (Bryman, 2015). The participants are also made to sign a contract where they consent to the research process.
The timeline is an essential part of the research process. It provides guidance to the researcher regarding the research and the researcher can complete the research process in a timely manner. In the present case, the timeline of the research is decided as six months. During this tenure, the researcher should be able to conduct both primary and secondary research.
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Activities |
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2nd month |
3rd month |
4th month |
5th month |
6th month |
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Deciding the research questions and aims |
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Writing Research Proposal |
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Conducting literature review |
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Deciding research methodologies |
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Conducting primary research |
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Data analysis |
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Writing the conclusion of research |
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Submission of the research in the University |
References
Anderson, V. (2004). Research Methods in Human Resource Management. CIPD Publishing.
Bernard, H. Russell, and Ryan, Gery W. (2010). Analyzing qualitative data: Systematic approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
Bryman, A. (2015). Social Research Methods. Oxford University Press.
Bui, Y.N. 2013. How to Write a Master’s Thesis. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications.
Creswell, J.W. (2013). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications.
Creswell, J.W. and Clark, V.L.P. 2011. Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research. London: SAGE.
Garner, M., Wagner, C., & Kawulich, B. (2016). Teaching Research Methods in the Social Sciences. Routledge.
Gill, J. and Johnson, P. ((2010). Research Methods for Managers. SAGE.
GUstavsson, B. (2007). The Principles of Knowledge Creation: Research Methods in the Social Sciences. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Kaar, M. 2009. Critical Investigation of the Merits and Drawbacks of In-depth Interviews. GRIN Verlag.
Kara, H. (2015). Creative Research Methods in the Social Sciences: A Practical Guide. Policy Press.
Kasi, P. 2009. Research: What, Why and How? Bloomington: AuthorHouse.
Kuanda, J. (2012). Research Methodology: A Project Guide for University Students. Samfundslitteratur.
Lancaster, G. (2005). Research Methods in Management: A Concise Introduction to Research in Management and Business Consultancy. Routledge.
Onwuegbuzie, A.J. and Frels, R. 2016. Seven Steps to a Comprehensive Literature Review: A Multimodal and Cultural Approach. London: SAGE.
Saunders, N.K. (2011). Research Methods for Business Students. Pearson Education.
Skott, B.P., & Ward, M. (2012). Active Learning Exercises for Research Methods in Social Sciences. SAGE.
Somekh, B., & Lewin, C. (2004). Research Methods in the Social Sciences. SAGE.
Stebbins, R.A. 2001. Exploratory Research in the Social Sciences. Boston: SAGE
Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault, M. (2015). Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley & Sons.
Thyer, B. 2010. The Handbook of Social Work Research Methods. London: SAGE.
Wellington, J., & Szczerbinski, M. (2007). Research Methods for the Social Sciences. A&C Black
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