The focus of the work is on the 3D which is important for the additive manufacturing and handling the process of the deposits of the binder material. This is on the powder bed with the inkjet printer that is set layer by layer. (Campbell et al., 2011) The term is important for the encompassing of wider variety of the additive manufacturing with the technical standards used for the broader sense. The ISO/ASTM52900-15 has been for the manufacturing process with directed energy deposition.
The 3D printing works on the technology which is not capable for the cost effective or the end products or the high volume commercial manufacturing. The focus is on the higher to the short ranges where the technology works over the emerging class of the mid-level 3D printers to work over high-end system features in the desktop form at the lower pricing points. The printer speed is increasing with the product spectrum that is found to be one high end system under the development to 500 times faster than the top machines (Weller et al., 2015). The patents are mainly for the development and innovation which includes the experimentation to determine about the prototypes.
The technology works on advancement of coordinated development with printers and the printing methods, software to design and printing and the materials. The evolvement of the design and the manufacturing strategies are mainly to make use of the 3D printing solutions where the technology has been loosely coordinated and works over the printers and the printing methods (Gill et al., 2016). The focus is also on the methods of performance with the management in multiple materials and capabilities for producing the finished products.
The 3D printing works over the rapid prototyping where there is customisation, design freedom, and the small manufacturing which allows the low cost and the low volume production as well. The focus is on reshaping the product development and manufacturing where the process, designers tend to save the time and money with conceptualisation and testing prototypes. The 3D printing can reduce the injection moulding process timeline from months to days and hours. With the 3D manufacturing, this will include the optimisation of production with lowered costs which works over the plastic items, injection moulding that is expensive when there is a low production as well (Mendis et al., 2018). The 3D printing is possible when there is a low production where the production rate increases upto 20 times with lower cost. The company can also purchase 20 3D printers with the injection moulding system. The 3D printing tends to handle the additive manufacturing which is fast and versatile mainly because the tools can be printed in less than a day. For the small manufacturer, the expensive and the labour-intensive part for the product development is mainly the tooling process which includes the elimination of the costs and removing the needs for the tool production with cuts that lead to the time and labour.
The different range of technologies are important for the computer aided design model or the digital scanning (Van den akker, 2017). The material extrusion tends to make use of the nozzle to extrude the semi-liquid material to create the object layers. With this, there are thermoplastic extrusion, plastic jet printing and the fused filament methods which makes use of the 3D printing. The VAT Photopolymerization also makes use of the 3D printer where the techniques are for the light source to solidify the successive object layers with the position set for the perforated platform. The material jetting also makes use of the print head to spray the liquid layers which are then solidified by the exposure to the UV light. This also focus on offering the higher resolution for the 3D printing where there is different multi-colour, multi-material output by spraying the different materials from multi-nozzle print head. The binder jetting makes use of the print head that is for the spraying of a binder with the layers of power that are set with the spray of the coloured inks mainly on the powdered layers that allow the production of the full colour output.
The manufacturers work on the broader spectrum of the industries which include the automotive, aerospace, higher technology and the medical productions which are important for the piloting and using the 3D printing technologies (Ambrosi et al., 2016). The research of the General Electric plans is for the mass production with LEAP engine nozzles with Additive Manufacturing and the other commitments. The forecast is for the growth and work on the 3D opportunity with additive manufacturing paths to performance, innovation and the growth. The prototype and the product development, innovation is considered important for the companies that are pursuing the 3D printing with the organisations to handle the delay in investments in 3D printers. The estimates are about the integration with the production process where the prototyping is set with the in-depth analysis of the 3D printing ecosystem.
The technology works over the consideration about the fund projects that tend to deal with the cost of manufacturing where the new model for the manufacturing is set with the CAD designing to the 3D metal printer (Guney et al., 2017). This is for the metal injection model where the injected molded parts are for the quantity and working over the robotic assembly which place all the electronic components on PCB. The focus is on rendering:
The 3D printing is based on the discussions which relates to the concept of the new advancements and the technologies. The process is based on using the specialised equipment with assembling the object layer by layer with the unique advantage. The product safety community can work over ensuring the access to the resources which are for the designers and the producers. Here, the ISO consumer policy committee has the product safety working group which work over the safety of the raw materials with proper use of the products within ISO/TC 261 scope. The designing community also need to work on taking the initiatives with ensuring the safety of the consumer with the integral product designing. This is important for improving and collaborating with the system standards. The 3D designing works on establishing the forums that are for collaborating and working over the product with safe designing. This will help in focusing over the primary target of the safety education where there is an academic, private and the government organisations to work on the development and the adaptation of product safety education and the guidance materials which are important for the 3D print designers and producers.
Conclusion:
The 3D printing works over the consumer product safety with the focus on the engaging with the product safety community, with supporting, educating the customers that include the prosumers, new product supply with the effectiveness (Wood et al., 2017). The forms are set to monitor the development of product and work with the product design developers and the designing schools to support the safe designing (Stansbury et al., 2016). The monitoring is based on the safety of the feedstock and the filament that is important for the consumer product 3D printers and actively manage the risks, associated.
Ambrosi, A. and Pumera, M., 2016. 3D-printing technologies for electrochemical applications. Chemical Society Reviews, 45(10), pp.2740-2755.
Campbell, T., Williams, C., Ivanova, O. and Garrett, B., 2011. Could 3D printing change the world. Technologies, Potential, and Implications of Additive Manufacturing, Atlantic Council, Washington, DC.
Gill, J.M. and Hart, A.S., 2016. Opening New Frontiers in the Development of Life Sciences Technology with Collaborative 3D Printing Technology. Journal of laboratory automation, 21(4), pp.487-488.
Güney, A., Malda, J., Dhert, W.J. and Grijpma, D.W., 2017. Triblock copolymers based on ε-caprolactone and trimethylene carbonate for the 3D printing of tissue engineering scaffolds. The International journal of artificial organs, 40(4), p.176.
Kamyshny, A. and Magdassi, S., 2017. Metallic Nanoinks for Inkjet Printing of Conductive 2D and 3D Structures. Nanomaterials for 2D and 3D Printing.
Mendis, D., Lemley, M. and Rimmer, M., 2018. 3D Printing and Beyond: The Intellectual Property and Legal Implications Surrounding 3D Printing and Emerging Technology.
Stansbury, J.W. and Idacavage, M.J., 2016. 3D printing with polymers: Challenges among expanding options and opportunities. Dental Materials, 32(1), pp.54-64.
van den Akker, D., 2017. The development of a hybrid manufacturing system that combines multimaterial 3D-printing with silicone casting for the development of soft robotic parts.
Weller, C., Kleer, R. and Piller, F.T., 2015. Economic implications of 3D printing: Market structure models in light of additive manufacturing revisited. International Journal of Production Economics, 164, pp.43-56.
Wood, P.A., Sarjeant, A.A., Bruno, I.J., Macrae, C.F., Maynard-Casely, H.E. and Towler, M., 2017. The next dimension of structural science communication: simple 3D printing directly from a crystal structure. CrystEngComm, 19(4), pp.690-698.
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