What factors drive immigration? How does immigration policy affect the fabric of the American society? What role does immigration play in the American society historically, currently, and in the future? How would a border-free immigration policy impact the social and economic system?
Many of the factors which influence the migration are quite hard to judge. The social, economic, and the political factors are exceptionally much more difficult to predict it precisely; but judgements can be made which are based upon the current condition and situations. The ecological disruption is quite easier to pre-empt for the reason that there are a large number of bodies of scientific evidence which enables us to suggest that these factors may be an important cause for concern in the future. The environmental modelling, plus worsening of the food as well as the water security in so many of the countries, clearly states that the ecological issues have already begun to present complications and challenges all around the world. These ecological factors have got significant potential to become ever enhancing forces that influence the migration in the 21st century. Thus, among the most important the Socio-political, ecological and the economic factors, mainly drive the process of migration. Numerous numbers of domestic or the push factors can encourage or force an individual’s to exit living in their home country and migrate (Aguila, 2011). Thus, stay and other conditions those are available in the other foreign states which are also called as the pull forces influences the people and lure them for the fulfilment of the goal to migrate.
The Immigration policy has transformed the USA as a kind of nation since the entry of the first newcomers in almost last 400 years. Besides being a very strong demographic force which is responsible how the nation and its people became what they actually are at present, immigration has widely contributed too many economic, political and social processes which are foundational to the US as a nation (Berke, Jablonski, Krug & Valentine, 2014). There are some who argue that the historically high removals increase public safety, the nation’s security and the law, while others support that the system carries along with very severe mankind costs to children, families, communities, plus the tears at the fabric of the US socially.
The US has always been a nation of the people immigrants. The entry door at sometimes may not be completely wide open for the people who wish to immigrate in it, but on the other hand they are not completely restricted or shut as well (Pisani & Perez-Batres, 2012). The present debate which concerns the wisdom of comparatively much higher rates of the immigration is in no sense a new one; it has stretched back even at times of the colonial inhabitants. Serious concerns about the immigration effects on the economical prospective growth of the natives born in the country, on the population growth, plus at the capability of the immigrants to settle themselves and live have always been on high concerns areas.
In the year 1994, the number of the legal immigrants was approximately 800,000, which was considerably very small as compared to the number in the peak year of the 20th century which witnessed around 1.3 million immigrants in the year 1913. Also, the local resident population has almost grown by 3 times in the twentieth century, the immigrants in the early decades showed much comparative higher proportion which was 13 immigrants/1,000 residents in 1913, as compared to 3 immigrants/1,000 residents by 1994 (Battisti, 2014). The immigration then played much greater task in the population growth in respect to the eight years ago: it nearly was almost 37 percent of the total development, partly as a matter of fact due to the fall of the fertility rates of the residents.
Apart from that the legal immigrants admitted/applied for PR which stands for the permanent residence, In 1994 some 21 million visitors were admitted for short stays visas, which included tourists, students, short-term employed employees in the international companies. Most of them do not stay for tenure which may be just a few weeks, while many of them live in the US for so many years; some even broke the legal rules and stayed much more than the allowed time (Wong, 2007).
Many of the Americans are of the belief that free or easy immigration shall destroy “working class” citizens to live peacefully and earn a livelihood. They even believe that allowing open and free immigration to the soughing immigrants can put the decent as well as the hard-working Americans citizens out of employment opportunities. These US citizens also fear that the immigrants shall come out to work in America at much comparative lesser salary and provide equal output of the country, and shall ultimately kick their jobs away from them, But this is compulsorily required to be put into the minds of the local citizens that the freer trade and open borders which are made for the agreed immigrants is for the good of them as well (Rosenfeld, 2014). By enhancing the philosophy of this kind of free and open labour mobility, the country shall be benefitted on the account of productivity, entrepreneurship and also ingenuity. This open market for the immigrants labour shall at the end benefit the growth of the country and increase the production of the concerned country and shall also improve the standard of living of each and every residing there.
These issues are real complex researches, which involves the speculation and the public discourse which often run much more ahead of the conclusive research results. Without having any kind of fear in the history/past about the negative effects of the immigration on social fabric and any other sense of negative impacts on the country. Early and important findings conclude that some of the recent immigrants —especially the Asian Americans—clearly matches with the native-born whites in the fields of occupational and educational, although might not be equal in incomes. The residential segregation is yet another measure of the social difference (Rowthorn, 2008). Many of the recent immigrants like to stay and cluster in neighbourhoods of people from their home country, but this has also been noticed that some of them get mixed up in the local community of people and do not bother to compulsorily stay near and around their home immigrants as they are.
The second important charge which impacts the immigration as far as the economy of the US is concerned is the economic theory. This theory states the possible effects which may happen on the employment plus the salaries of the domestic workers, along with the United States trade relationships with other countries all across the globe, the percentage rate of growth of the economy of the nation, and the prices which is paid by the residents to buy services and goods. In order to study these issues, the jury/panel depends on the theoretical insights which states the expected effects which would come out and also on the empirical estimates of the percentage of the real effects (Amit & Riss, 2007). The profits for the local economy come from so many of the reliable sources that show that the effect of the immigration is a fruitful process of the country in concern. In concern to the production side, immigration freely allows the local workers to be utilized much more productive, especially for the production of such goods to which they are comparatively more accurate and efficient. The specialization in the consumption too yields a profit. It is assumed that the United States economy is clearly characterized by the continuous returns to the scale—which is, economic, social growth in size and also the scale of the country’s economy, which neither reduces and nor enhances the labour productivity and the capital productivity in comparison to the current levels (Balestrini, Flood & Flockton, 2011).
References
Aguila, J. (2011). The Role of Ethics Within the Contemporary Immigration Debate. Teaching Ethics,11(2), 63-79.
Amit, K., & Riss, I. (2007). The Role of Social Networks in the Immigration Decision-making Process: The Case of North American Immigration to Israel. Immigrants & Minorities, 25(3), 290-313.
Balestrini, P., Flood, C., & Flockton, C. (2011). How Identity Interacts with Economic and Societal Rationality to Drive Public Opinion on the European Union. The Role of Crime, Unemployment and Immigration. Perspectives On European Politics And Society, 12(2), 121-138.
Battisti, D. (2014). Ellis Island Nation: Immigration Policy and American Identity in the Twentieth Century by Robert L. Fleegler. Register Of The Kentucky Historical Society, 112(4), 698-700.
Berke, S., Jablonski, D., Krug, A., & Valentine, J. (2014). Origination and Immigration Drive Latitudinal Gradients in Marine Functional Diversity. Plos ONE, 9(7), e101494.
Edo, A. (2015). The Impact of Immigration on Native Wages and Employment. The B.E. Journal Of Economic Analysis & Policy, 15(3).
Pisani, M., & Perez-Batres, L. (2012). Immigration: impacts on society & business. American Journal Of Business, 27(1).
Rosenfeld, R. (2014). The Strange Career of Immigration in American Criminological Research.Criminology & Public Policy, 13(2), 281-283.
Rowthorn, R. (2008). The fiscal impact of immigration on the advanced economies. Oxford Review Of Economic Policy, 24(3), 560-580.
Wong, C. (2007). The Role of Immigration in the Designing of the American Nation. Diaspora, 16(1-2), 265-272.
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