Microsoft is one of the well-known global competitors of the IT business. The first operating system that they used was MS-Dos and after that, they started their business in personal computers (Bahr et al., 2013). This report discusses the evolution of information technology from its initiation to its current stage and social impact of IT industry in the business of Microsoft. First, they were in business of manufacturing different hardware for computers and then they moved to exclusively in software business. Information technology business has benefitted from this company hugely. Microsoft Windows was a new operating system with the existing systems like, Linux and Java (Tasevska, Damij & Damij, 2014). Further, the organisation of the study done on the impact of IT in this business is also given in the following chapter. This chapter is to analyse the Microsoft’s emergence in the industry and how they evolved and became an international competitor in the business. Further, the research review and conceptual framework of the research base is given and project budget and project schedule is described in the chapter (Kim, 2013). The organisation of the study has been highlighted as different chapters and thus it will balance the flow of the chapters for any readers. The sampling technique and the research method are also thoroughly discussed in the following company (Christensen & Raynor, 2013). The sample size and the sampling tools and techniques are discussed later in the chapter.
The background of this study is based in the study of IT sector growth over the years and different products that have been developed to make the human life easier. The purpose of this research also is to study the stimulation of developing the IT products and applications in everyday life of people (Christensen & Raynor, 2013). The social impact after developing the products and the different demography of people who likes to use these products in their everyday lives.
3.1 Aims
The focused aim of this research is to gather information on the development of Microsoft as global competitors. In addition, another aim is to study the emergence of Information technology and in accordance with Microsoft.
3.2 Objectives
3.3 Problem statement
There also have been some challenges for this industry in the last two or three decades. The fear of reaching the stagnant stage has hit the industry in most cases. The most important part of innovation that the company has faced in their initial stages and during their growth and mature stage what are the plans and approach that, they have taken. Moreover, the problems, they have learnt from over the years and what where the customer’s feedback in their different products are also the foundation of the study (Christensen & Raynor, 2013).
3.4 Research questions
4.1 Conceptual framework
Figure: conceptual framework
4.2 History and development of information technology
The first ever known technology was abacus in the history. Then came the minicomputers and computer technology and science was developed initially. Near about 1970 mainframes of minicomputers were developed. The rise of IBM as computer technology development was marked to be the initiation of growth period of this industry (Kim, 2013). Microsoft today is a global leader and this journey by the company has been remarkable for many reasons. Microsoft has been the key to worldwide development of different of technological advances. First of its kind was used to create, manipulate and only distribute the data but that scenario has been changed (Kerzner, 2013). The importance of the data transferability and accessibility has been long realised by the professionals. The programs written in many language has been realised and thus the functions of them were thoroughly tested in expectation that this innovation will save a lot of time and effort in working process of human (Agrawal, Khatri & Srinivasan, 2012). The application in hardware and software were first ranged for simple addition, multiplication, subtraction and division. In addition, after that the evolution came to a point are people are able to search and access historical data and build programs and databases based on that. Virtual reality and commercial electronic media development has caught the attention of all existing people (Goasduff & Pettey, 2012). This has also allowed people to travel virtually in the available.
4.3 Rise of Microsoft
Company history
Paul Allen and Bill Gates are founders of Microsoft. The preliminary operation was on programming and named their founded company as Traf-O-Data in 1972. The rudimentary work was to track and analyse data traffic in automobile. The first product was a basic interpreter and named Altair BASIC (Kerzner, 2013).
The first operating system invented in 1980, Unix and Xenix was the first version. With the excusive demand in MS-Dos operating system, later they became the most important Personal Computer operator and vendor in the local and global market. Microsoft invented Microsoft windows and OS 2 with graphical extension and in 1985, they went unrestricted with the rise in the stock of share. From 1985 till 1994, they extended their program facilities in their wide product range in 32 bit OS as well in Microsoft Windows NT (Riha et al., 2014). It also happened to grow in the World Wide Web of computer networking. Online services were also given with the different product assistance (Zhang, 2012). Like the other companies, they also shaped Trusted Computing Platform Alliance and started programming in protecting its own research base.
Current state
Microsoft is also a technology exclusive company, that translates its mission to empower every person’s experience in personal computing. Different company has acquired the hardware corporation of this industry. IBM’s products have developed the foundation of their hardware business. The platforms and productivity innovation in the field of service they are, mobile cloud computing and software also in considered under their product service area (Agrawal, Khatri & Srinivasan, 2012). Some of the focused area for discussion of present state of the company operating from it is headquarter in United States capital Redmond, Washington is below. Cloud revenue rate was around $12.1 billion. In addition, Office 365 consumer subscription has increased. Microsoft dynamics CRM online seat additions also increased (Tasevska, Damij & Damij, 2014). Microsoft Azure and SQL databases Customer relationship management program solution doubled over the year. Windows 10 upgradation. Xbox active users also increased. Today the company is more focused on developing the networking platform by using the World Wide Web. The windows 10 development and Microsoft Azure is platform of their innovation (Goasduff & Pettey, 2012). After the event of stepping down of Steve Ballmer, Satya Nadella is leading the business to more cloud and enterprise based. Then acquiring the Nokia devices and services they are restructuring the company for millions (Goasduff & Pettey, 2012). The innovation products are windows 10 in mobile, Microsoft edge, Azure and Hololens and other upgradation of their applications and services.
4.4 Social impact and challenges faced by Microsoft
Some of the biggest challenges faced by Microsoft were, the development of android, which affected their market share drastically. This was a challenge given by the competitors Apple, Lenovo, Dell, HP an Acer and others (Zhu, Mukhopadhyay & Kurata, 2012). Another challenge faced by was the sustainability of their new innovative products except office365. The development of Bing was regarded second to any Google search engine. In addition, the pricing of the products with compared to others are known to be of high priced. However, these challenges were faced head on by the company and they remained competitive during their growth stage (Silverman, 2016).
4.5 Impact of information technology in society
The global scenario of communication has changed during this last three decades. It has also reached the heights of unprecedented peak of the achievable success. The idea of networking through internet has changed also during the years. All of this had been possible because of information technology emergence (Agrawal, Khatri & Srinivasan, 2012). The immense of scope of increasing efficiency has revolutionised the learning IT (Kairam, Wang & Leskovec, 2012). The close interaction between two people has become closer for developing IT products. The existing print media industry is now facing challenges because of this electronic media industry. The quick dispatch of various information facilitated by IT products are have become very resourceful for people (Goasduff & Pettey, 2012).
4.6 External factors and issues faced by software engineers
Innovation in the software industry has been a constant factor faced by different engineers. The business, which creates products and systems and services, are increasingly being interconnected, instrumented and intelligent. The most common faces are IBM, Microsoft, Google, Samsung and competitors in the global market (Chowdhury, 2013). Therefore, keeping with the pace of this balance of innovation has been challenging for different engineers. The honest collaboration of the management and governance are also developing and keeping with the pace that integrates the lifecycles are being used (Zhu, Mukhopadhyay & Kurata, 2012). The continuously evolving systems, products and applications and optimising the process has also been a challenge for remaining in the life cycle. The industry needs more engineers and less overheads and better business outcomes. The automation industry is one of the innovations of these engineers (Kairam, Wang & Leskovec, 2012).
5.1 Introduction
The research for this topic has been highlighted in the aims and objectives of the previous chapter. Working on the problem statement a research has been designed both qualitative and quantitative method (Bahr et al., 2013). The research design is for validate the findings of the research and fully analyse the questions that are being given in the research questions. The research methodology is to suggest pattern of research that is being done. The methodology includes both qualitative and quantitative (Mackey & Gass, 2015). To study the impact of Information technology and social impact of Microsoft and its products are evaluated on the research by gathering secondary data that are being assessed in the literature review and primary data collected for further insights of the products.
5.2 Research approach
Research onion is a systematic way of conducting a research and the methods that are dependent upon the philosophy of the research approach. Both inductive and deductive ways are the basic approach of mostly used path of researches. The inductive way of this approach is what follows observation, data collection and analysis of the research questions and analyses the questionnaires. The deduction approach is for observation pattern creation and research analysis process (Baden-Fuller & Haefliger, 2013).
5.3 Data collection method
Researchers always must confirm that there are two kinds of sources of data collection, primary and secondary data. Secondary data are collected from the journals, media, government’s reports web and internet information and official previous data or research done on the subject previously. Here the literature review and conceptual framework of the sources have been reviewed and gathered to build the foundation of the research (Tasevska, Damij & Damij, 2014). The primary data collection will be based on the interview and observation from different sources and the responds from the questionnaires. The analysis of the qualitative and quantitative data will also be gathered in the following chapters (Goasduff & Pettey, 2012).
5.4 Factors that needs to be considered
The validity, reliability, and practicality of the data are the phenomenon that is being studied. The validity is known as the truthfulness of measurement and explanation of the data collected (Silverman, 2016). . The internal and external validity of the social research methods are identified and used in the arguments and analysis. The practicality of the research always needs to be considered, while developing a research design (Mackey & Gass, 2015). The cost and budget needs to be considered as well. Time scale and sample size needs to be considered in conducting a primary research. Methods of collecting qualitative data can be of four types that are, focus groups, individual interviews and action research (Tasevska, Damij & Damij, 2014). In this research design the project budget has been given. In addition, the project schedule according to the time line has been discussed in the following chapter.
5. 5 Sampling method
Sampling is a crucial part of conducting a survey. As this research requires doing a primary research and analysis of a survey, therefore, choosing a perfect sample for research is mandatory for data collection method. The two basic sampling methods are probability sampling and non-probability sampling. As per the research requirements, the convenient probability sampling as well as stratified sampling is needed for primary data collection process in this research (Christensen & Raynor, 2013).
5.6 Sample size
For this current study, the researcher needs to define the sample size of the research. 90% of the respondents must be given most significant importance and their reply must be checked and rechecked thoroughly. The sample size for this research is 60 people. For qualitative data collection, method the organisation had been chosen as the Microsoft.
|
Collecting secondary data |
10$ |
|
Collecting primary data |
45$ |
|
Research activities |
12$ |
|
Use of different paid tools |
30$ |
|
Facilitation charges |
25$ |
|
Educational supplies |
17$ |
|
Documenting interviews |
5$ |
|
Major required equipments |
15$ |
|
Miscellaneous expenses |
11$ |
|
Total budget |
170$ |
Reference
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Chowdhury, S. P., Dietel, K., Rändler, M., Schmid, M., Junge, H., Borriss, R., … & Grosch, R. (2013). Effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 on lettuce growth and health under pathogen pressure and its impact on the rhizosphere bacterial community. Plos one, 8(7), e68818.
Bahr, A., Ellström, M., Akselsson, C., Ekblad, A., Mikusinska, A., & Wallander, H. (2013). Growth of ectomycorrhizal fungal mycelium along a Norway spruce forest nitrogen deposition gradient and its effect on nitrogen leakage. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 59, 38-48.
Kairam, S. R., Wang, D. J., & Leskovec, J. (2012, February). The life and death of online groups: Predicting group growth and longevity. In Proceedings of the fifth ACM international conference on Web search and data mining (pp. 673-682). ACM.
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