Human smiling appears as one of the most complicated to detect either it is real or fake. Smiles reflect positive impact from several types of emotions. People like to smile on different purposes like happiness, socially anxious, depressed and embarrassed (Windsong, 2016). Thus, it is required to discriminate real smiles from fake smiles in order to make the process simpler. Rapid development of science and technology spread helping hand to human to serve various tasks like detecting accuracy in human smiles. Psychology as well as neuroscience has an important part in improving daily lives and activities through contributing into the domain of operation. On the other hand, based on the facial expressions of human for identifying accuracy associated with the state of mind of human that are depended on critical situations on the factual basis.
Bronstein & Tzivian (2013) asserted that Galvanic Skin Response is an effective as well as innovative responses gathered from human, which states accuracy of smile related to the state of mind. There are great chances of innovating new approach and method through improvisations.
The research will have an aim to analyze the significance of comprehending accuracy in facial expressions for using the research areas, which provides advantages to human as well as development of technology. However, the research will identify the role of Observer’s Galvanic Skin Response in order to discriminate real from fake smiles (Cheng et al. 2015). Therefore, it is important to review the factors responsible for accuracy of smiles in human. In addition, highlighting the usages as well as advancements on the specified area of technological growth helps to achieve the process.
In preset scenario of daily lives, it becomes difficult to understand and discriminate fake smile and real in order to comprehend accuracy of smiles of human. Gap analysis can be helpful to detect future opportunities of the research that will be achieved in the research.
The key terms are engaged with the proposal report are concerned with the approaches as well as facts during the process of research (Dadkhah, Jazi & Pacukaj, 2015). It will be useful to comprehend advancements engaged within discrimination of fake and real smiles with the help of Galvanic Skin Responses. There are several technological advancements, which require support of Galvanic Skin Responses for identifying real and fake smiles. The functional areas as well as research segments are recognized as the opportunity of the research for mandating the goals as well as objectives lied behind the research.
Galvanic Skin Responses can be defined as one of the changes in electrical properties of skin. Das & Anand (2012) commented that the signal can be utilized in order to capture automatic nerve responses as one of the parameters of swat gland function.
Fake smile is mentioned as urbandictionary with stronger definition. This kind of smile is shown when someone has strongly disliked on some particular matters.
The research questions will be useful to cover the areas that will be required in the research (Dr. Mir Parvez, 2011). Translating the initial ideas into feasible educational research project is one of the iterative procedures. Considering the ethical issues is necessary for research for further progress. Concentrating on single most vital element of the study is research questions. It is the keystone of exercise. Definition of the aims of the study clearly determines every aspect of the particular design. It involves selection of proper topic as well as defining learning outcomes and objectives of the research. Getting the resear
Using different methods of the research helps to generate issues like mind mapping, reading about the topic as well as asking several levels of the questions that can be addressed. Considering the answers of the questions, it will be helpful to elicit things that can be helpful for the research (Ehrenberg, 2011). It is important to consider the approaches that are possible to achieve for the organization. Research contributes on the significant areas of the research in the possible way of planning. In addition, it is important to consider the e proposal and taking some time in order to map out the research strategy. Research strategies would be helpful to comprehend the factors regarding the research. Strong research idea needs to pass with possible impact of the research. As the research is focused on the area that are based on the research plan, well thought ideas are concentrated on the research questions that leads hypothesis of the plan in the present research. In addition, it is required to develop primary hypothesis. In addition, providing hypothesis for the plan would be helpful to carry the research in proper way.
A conceptual framework can be defined as an analytical tool with various variations as well as contexts. The tool is generally utilized in order to develop conceptual distinctions as well as organizing the ideas (Khemaja, 2016). In addition, strong conceptual frameworks can capture real factors in such way that is quiet easy for remember and apply in the research. The utilization of the particular term ‘conceptual framework’ crosses scale as well as contexts like social science, marketing and applied science. It is one of the explicit definitions as well as applications that can be varied in the research. Conceptual frameworks are specifically useful for the organization of specific devices in empirical research. On the other hand, one set of the scholars apply notion of the conceptual framework to deductive as well as empirical research at micro study level.
Michalak (2011) stated that likewise, the conceptual frameworks can be defined in the abstract representations, as well as connected to the target of the research that can direct collection as well as analysis of data. The formal hypothesis is the framework related to description. On the other hand, explanatory research usually concentrates on “why” or “what caused” of a phenomenon to the occurrence. Formal hypotheses posit many possible explanations that are tested by collection of data as well as evaluating the evidence. Environment, population as well as developing the characteristic became hypotheses or conceptual framework that can be utilized to achieve the purpose. A theoretical framework includes the concepts and their definitions as well as reference to the related scholarly literature. It is existing theory, which is used for the particular study.
The theoretical framework need to demonstrate understanding of the theories as well as concepts related to the topic of the research along with related to the broader areas of knowledge. The theoretical framework is readily found within the present literature (Sharma, Kacker & Sharma, 2016). It is required to review the course of readings as well as pertinent research studies for the theories as well as analytic models, which are relevant to the research issues that are investigating. In addition, the selection of a theory depends on appropriateness and ease of the application as well as explanatory power.
The theoretical framework can be able to strengthen the study in the following ways:
An explicit statement of the theoretical assumptions can permit to evaluate the factors critically.
The theoretical framework can connect the researcher to the existing knowledge. It is guided by related theory based on hypotheses as well as choice of the research methods.
Articulation of the theoretical assumptions in research study forces can be useful to address the questions like why and how (Song, Over & Carpenter, 2016). Moreover, it permits to intellectually transition from the simply explaining a phenomenon that is observed to make generalizing regarding several aspects of the phenomenon.
Along with these, the theory helps to detect the limitation to make the things generalized. In this perspective, a theoretical framework can specify the key variables that can influence a phenomenon of getting interest as well as highlights requirements to address the process of the key variables that might be different and under the circumstances.
In this perspective, virtue of applicative nature has good theory in social sciences of value precisely because it can fulfill primary purpose in order to describe the meaning, nature as well as challenges related to phenomenon.
In this section of the research, overview of Observer’s Galvanic Skin Response to discriminate real from fake smile is discussed. In addition, working process of GSR signals is explained in the research. Identification of flawless emotional states along with the use of GSR signals to discriminate real smiles from fake smiles is described in this chapter. On the other hand, analysis of observer’s condition is achieved in the research.
Tudball (2016) commented that it is important to discriminate real smiles from fake smiles with high accuracy through sensing Observer’s Galvanic Skin Response. In addition, it is required to critically assess Galvanic Skin Response that demonstrates signals recorded for setting the observers taking part of the experiments in testing responses of the observers. Moreover, it is required to monitor recording the responses of human with respect to several computed features as well as functionalities. Classification of emotions respecting to various classifiers engaged within systematic procedure of observation. Neutral network using random subset features within the systematic responses (Wang & Li, 2014). However, critical responses collected from the highlights as well as possible responses of human are collected related to several procedures. Performance for systematic review of the operation will be helpful in this regard.
GSR signals are usually considered as one of the major elements that have great impacts on the areas of human behavior as well as changes within stimuli collected from GSR signals. The signals are passed from important areas for getting the noise free signals at the end. There are usually two features of the considered system that has impact on the process. In contrast with the facts, extracted feature are based on the features of GSR (Carroz & Duffar, 2015). These are considered as temporal features including tests performed on normalized signals engaged within the tests done by the observer.
Recording system designed for introducing GSR signals within the response recording for the system to manage detecting of the responses that comes from distinctive observers for collecting several responses from the discriminatory tests performed on emotional state of mind. The behavioral study on emotional state of mind is generally tested compared to several responses regarding the procedure of minimizing noises from GSR signals for taking pure emotional state of mind (Dingli & Giordimaina, 2016). The noises are reduced compared to emotional state of mind for managing systematic response collection of the emotional mind set. Modification of the procedure of GSR signals are core as well as areas that are required to identify within the research.
It is required to have modifications of the GSR signals that can be achieved by significant model. It states that emotional state of human that helps coming GSR signals. The signals include several types of noise components within imperfect things to perfect ones. Hence, the model of modification of the signals assists to comprehend appropriate pattern of the signals (Kreibig, Samson & Gross, 2013). The responses gathered through GSR signals assist to understand patterns as well as mental conditions of human.
There are several conditional aspects as well as mentioned facts within the system. There are various features recorded as well as extracted. The recorded features include the recording procedure of functionalities detected at the time of testing emotional state of persons. There are more than 9000 features identified at the time of experiment as well as all features responded and recorded in the case of experiment. Moreover, progress of extracting the recorded signals for detecting features of emotional state of the mind among several participants.
It is one of the most effective systems of GSR signals. Accurate state of mind as well as flawless emotional states is involved with analysis of emotional states (Ma et al. 2012). The GSR signals gain major competitive advantages in mobile applications like KNN, SBBS as well as different features that can be recommend for the particular aspect. Hence, it can be state stated that emotional states can be assessed with respect to particular guidelines provided through the standard.
Mental health of human can be checked through systematic observations of emotional sates among human. Changes in human behavior can be checked easily. In addition, changes in human behavior as well as impactful areas of human psychology easily check and monitor psychology checked as well as monitored by the experiment (Shanthi Priyanka, 2015). Discriminating complicated along with simple mental health development can be gained through technological experiment to study complicated human behavior to several critical situations.
There are different observers with distinctive points of view in order to optimize comprehend regarding some of the facts (Vavre?ka et al. 2014). Thus, the experiment is the most important component, which assists the observers studying thinking the patterns regarding impactful scenarios. It is considered as one of the effective components. Development of smart interfaces is useful for analysis of condition of observer.
Every research project needs to introduce gaps in the research for maintaining future development possible in the specific context. Moreover, there are gaps for collection of piece of the information, which has left at the time of research mentioned with particular literature. The target as well as aim of the concerned literature that has specific experiment to the present study, which finds classifier as well as feature selection method in order to identify GSR features of the observer for prediction of hidden mental state of persons within video (Zhou, 2013). The experiment has aimed at discriminating procedure of happy smiles as well as other types. Detection of drawbacks of the literature is tough to compare with different literature that elaborates facial expressions regarding discrimination as any presence of literature incorporated GSR signals to discriminate real as well as fake smiles by GSR signals. Experience is incorporating five features that have selection methods to detect real as well as fake smile like being k-nearest neighbor and support vendor machine as well as simple neural network along with two binary classifiers.
Research methodology is one of the procedures of making systematic approach of problem solving. It is one of the important ways of explaining, exploring as well as predicting specific research phenomena. In the present section of the research, several methods will be explained in the research. The tools like philosophy, approach, design strategies will be discussed in the research.
|
Method Head |
Chosen methodology |
|
Research Design |
Descriptive |
|
Research Philosophy |
Positivism |
|
Research Approach |
Deductive |
|
Sample |
|
|
Sampling process |
Simple random probability sampling |
|
Data Collection process |
Survey |
|
Data Analysis process |
Statistical analysis of quantitative data |
Table 1: Research outline
(Source: Created by Author)
There are generally three types of research philosophy such as positivism, realism as well as interpretivism (Ellingsen et al. 2010). Positivism philosophy is based on quantifiable observations as well as the fact of making statistical analysis that will take place in the research. In the present research, it is important to test the role of the research. In addition, positivism philosophy is concerned with the process that has limitation in data collection as well as interpretation along with truth that can be taken place in the research. The method deals with continuous research approach. Interpretivism philosophy concerns with meaningful observations as well as researchers utilizing the specific philosophy that emphasizes on studying nature of human. In the present research, positivism philosophy will be taken in the research for using factual knowledge as well as lead to test hypothesis or questions of the research in scientific as well as statistical manner. Hence, positivism philosophy will be chosen in the present research.
Fletcher (2016) stated that there are two types of research philosophies such as inductive and deductive approach. Deductive approach assists to develop hypothesis as well as testing of the existing theories along with concepts in the research. In addition, the approach concerns with testing of the theories that is existing in the research along with concepts in the research. On the other hand, transformation of the research questions can be helpful to make statistical analysis of the data. Inductive approach helps to find the new patterns as well as statistical analysis of the research. In addition, the research would be helpful to find the patterns for transforming the research questions. Deductive approach is selected in the research as it is appropriate for presenting the research. On the other hand, it is important to generate approaches that would be helpful to gain advantages for the research. General data are acquired in the research for selection of appropriate methodology.
Descriptive research includes options of exploratory as well as explanatory research and concentrates on the finding of scientific issues for the research (Hesse-Biber, 2015). The causes of specific phenomena in the research would be helpful for the researcher to predict future occurrences of phenomena. In the case of specific phenomena of the research, it is required to take exploratory research, formation of the problem, hypothesis formation as well as clarification of several concepts of the research. In the case of explanatory research, descriptive research is included for the options of exploratory research as well as explanatory research. Descriptive research consists of the options of exploratory as well as explanatory research. These mainly emphasizes on explanation of the characteristics of the population by conducting data collection. It is important to include the options in the research. Selection of descriptive research design will be useful to make clarification of research topic, develop hypothesis and comprehend reason as well as effect of the research issue. Finding the issues in present research will be achieved through selecting descriptive research design.
There are several type of research strategy taken for the research such as case study, action research, interview and survey (Howie & Bagnall, 2016). Case study is referred as the study of real life contexts that consists of analysis of behavior of people about specific topic. In case of action research, it deals with the finding of the issues and providing as well as implementation of the solutions of the specific research issue. Interview is the collection of data about a specific research topic perspective to human mind. In case of survey, it deals with who, where, when as well as how of a research topic. Hence, it gives rich as well as statistical data about specific phenomena. In the present research, online survey research strategy will be selected in order to analyze the role of Observer’s Galvanic Skin Response to discriminate real smile from fake smile. Answering the questions regarding the topic is possible only though utilizing survey strategy because it concerns with WH of specific research topic.
Samples for the survey strategy are gathered from wide range of population that is based on specific criteria like gender, experience and age (Mangiameli, 2015). For the present research, 65 people related with researching human nature and behavior along with psychological area are selected for answering questions. There are two types of sampling method such as probability sampling and non-probability sampling technique. In the research, simple random sampling technique will used to provide equal opportunities to the samples selected for the research.
McGarry (2015) mentioned that there are two types of data collection processes such as primary and secondary data collection process. Secondary data is collected from books, journals as well as several sources like internet. On the other hand, primary data are collected through qualitative as well as quantitative method. Quantitative method will be selected for the research. In order to gather raw data about the role of Observer’s Galvanic Skin Response to discriminate real from fake smile, close ended Likert Scale based questionnaires for asking survey participants.
Accumulated quantitative data about the role of Observer’s Galvanic Skin Response to discriminate real from fake smile will be presented in table as well as graph format. Statistical analysis of data will be conducted for the research. In this perspective, excel sheet will be considered as the preferred tool for testing hypothesis in detail.
The research aims to identify the role of Observer’s Galvanic Skin Response for discriminating real from fake smiles (Windsong, 2016). In addition, core objective of the research is to find out loopholes as well as the methods that can be reduced whereas these factors that have impact on discrimination of real and fake smiles. Hence, the research will be utilized a strategic option for the organization and different organizations to improve technological advancements in psychological domain for studying human behavior. In addition, the research can be useful for professionals. The research can be useful for future researchers and conduct research on similar topic in future.
As the research acts as studying carefully as well as extensively for attaining deep knowledge in the same topic, it will be helpful for the researchers to gain knowledge regarding the topic. The research is systematic, arranged as well as summarized procedure. The research is not defined as only field of science; it will be helpful to cater people as well as scholars. Extensive study helps to get related information (Canady, 2015). Being creative in nature, the research will people to find new ways to discriminate people by their fake smiles. Research can affect subject positively as well as negatively to be constructive or destructive in the nature. Some of the people have belief that positively as well as negatively factors. On the other hand, it is required to comprehend that the results from the research is to determine of using Observer’s Galvanic Skin Response to discriminate people real from fake smiles.
The significance of the research can be explained as followed. It helps to collect information that is essential for the topic. The research provides information on the operation before beginning of work. For an instance, most of the organizations can be helpful to begin a project for getting primary idea regarding the topic. The research also assists to get acquainted with the procedures as well as resources engaged as well as reception from the market. The information assists in successful results of the project. Moreover, the research helps to make changes for similar topic (Edwards & Smith, 2007). There are built-in issues in a procedure and project to difficult to discover. The research will be helpful to find the root cause as well as related components of a procedure. In addition, the end result of research invokes demands for changing successful producing the changes.
The research assists to enhance standard of living. In addition, the research can new inventions as well as discover people. Imagining communicated program that will happen for people. The research has developed ground breaking life expectancy as well as people. It is required to understand the truth and proved time as well as again, which is developed facts as well as understand the truths covers the process. It assists undertaking work that can be attributed with the help of the research.
In order to analyze the role of Observer’s Galvanic Skin Response for Discriminating Real from Fake Smiles, the researcher has analyzed wide range of the literatures along with analyzing raw data in the form of professional’s opinions. Hence, future researcher might be capable to utilize the research as one of the sources of secondary data to research on same type of topic (Katz, 2011). In addition, the research will be helpful the range of opportunities of limitations. The process of research as well as provide acknowledgement of the limitations. The limitations of the research are typical dissertations that can relate to the points. Formulation of the research aims as well as objectives might be developed research aims as well as objectively in broad way. Specifying the ways help to formulate aims of the research as well as objectives that can be narrowed. It results level of the concentration of the research. Selection of data collection method helps the data collection method that can integrate extra ways of data collection that have increased the opportunities as well as depth of the analysis as well as statement. Deployment of data collection method has not any extensive experience in the primary data collection. Limitations are the components of the study that has funding as well as time constraints, which can affect methodology of the research. On the other hand, limitations decrease validity of the research (O’Connor, 2011). However, the research results can be applicable for disclosing limitations as well as integrity of the research.
Delimitation of the research is referred as the selection that is done by the researcher, which is under control of researcher. Delimitations consist of the population of the study and variables as well as statistical analysis along with concentration of the research. Within the proposal of research includes descriptions for previous approaches of theory that are under reviewing within review of the literature. In the present research, one methodology for the study as well as referred to different possible methodological approaches is included as the delimitations of research (Tayade, 2016). Moreover, the parameters of the population need to include population. Setting delimitations as well as subsequent justification assists the researcher maintaining objectivity of the study. In addition, it assists other researchers to reconstruct study or advance future research on same topic. Thus, delimitations provide opportunities that are concluded in the research as well as determine reliability as well as external validity of the research.
Ethics can be stated as broadly set of rules that are written as well as unwritten govern the expectations of own as well as other’s behavior. Settings out to the process of behave as well as the reason that can be broad agreement on the ethical issues. There are wide variations on the process that the values need to be interpreted in the practice (Ready, Åkerstedt & Mroczek, 2012). Research ethics are set of ethics, which can govern specific as well as different researches that can be performed. The significance of the research can be explained for number of causes. It promotes aims of the research like expanding knowledge. They can support values needed for collaborative work like mutual respect along with fairness (Conway, 2014). It is necessary as scientific research method is depended on making collaboration between researches as well as groups (Munthe, Radovic & Anckars 2010). It means that the researchers can be held accountable for the actions. Several researchers are usually supported through public money as well as regulations on conflicts of making interest and misconduct along with research that engages human essential to make sure that money is spent for the research properly (Eastwood, 2015). Ethics of the research ensures that people can have trust on the research. Moreover, supporting as well as funding of the research needs to be confident in the process. Ethics for the research will support vital social as well as moral values like the principles of not harming people to others.
In the research, the researcher will ensure to follow ethical principles of conduction of the research. In addition, in order to avoid collation of the ethical principles, full right will be provided for quitting the procedure of data collection. Moreover, personal information of data collection will be secured under UAE Federal Law3 of 1987 (Kaur, 2016). It will restrict research data with the password protected personal achieve ensuring complete confidentiality of information.
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