National Health Service (NHS) is the health services for the citizens of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. The regulations of NHS were established by the Labor party after the Second World War. The fundamental principles of this service were universal, free and comprehensive (Martin et al. 2015). In today’s world, it provides a huge range of health services to the majority of the population of United Kingdom.
This research paper chiefly focuses on the cost cuts in the National Health Services and its subsequent effect in the quality of medical assistance provided to the patients in the hospitals and the overall delivery of health services. Apart from that it is seen how the availability of hospitals and the frequency of the trained medical practitioners affected due to this cost cut (Macinati and Anessi-Pessina 2014). Thus this research paper critically evaluates the available health services and the significance of providing good quality medical assistance. The idea of NHS was to serve the citizens of UK and Wales and to provide them with appropriate medical assistance, but due to shortage of funds the quality of the service is degrading in a uniform manner; this is the chief concern of this report.
The primary objective of this research is to explore how the lowering costs of NHS is affecting the medical care in UK.
The main problem in this context is due to lack of proper funding by the government gradually the services provided by the NHS is degrading in an uniform manner and the residents of UK are suffering due to this. Apart from that the services of the NHS should be equal for everyone regardless of their social and economic status (Martin et al. 2015). Thus these are the basic area of improvements that is needed to be highlighted and resolved as soon as possible.
The success of the research is highly dependent on the choice and implementation of the right tools while conducting the process. For this research study, the research scholar should evaluate various methodologies, like research philosophy, techniques of the research, data collection methods and many more (Harrison 2013). In this study an ethical consideration will also be incorporated along with the limitations of this particular research.
The outline of the research consists of various tools of research works those are to be used for the completion of the research work.
|
Type |
Selected Methodology |
|
Philosophy of Research |
Interpretivisim |
|
Research Design |
Descriptive |
|
Approach of the Research |
Deductive |
|
Research Strategy |
Censuses, government website information and data collected over database |
|
Data Collection Process |
Primary and Secondary |
|
Process of Data Analysis |
Quantitative and Qualitative Thematic Analysis |
Source: Created by author
The most preferable used approach of research is the inductive and the deductive methods. Inductive method is the formulation of fresh ideas along with the concepts based on the explanation of the researcher, while, in case of the deductive approach, it is chiefly constructed on the active concepts and theories (Greenfield et al. 2015). For the inductive approach the research scholar is required to emphasize upon the development of the original patterns within the theories that subsists already, resulting in the recreation of the focus of the researcher from the objectives and aims of the surveillance along with the analysis. On the other hand, the deductive approach would provide a vision for the research scholar to examine the present impression and relating the same with the topic of the research. In this study of research, the researcher has nominated the deductive method as this would be assisting the researcher in transforming the common data into detailed information (Harrison 2013). Moreover, this has facilitated the researcher in scrutinizing the recent theories and the perceptions instead of refining a fresh notion or a new theory.
For this social research descriptive research design is followed as the requirement of the research study required this type of approach.
For this particular research work, the social researcher tried for both the primary and the secondary type of data collection method. This modus operandi have definite allowed the researcher to collect relevant information from a variety of sources like the government website, numerous articles that were published initially in the most important newspapers along with some books (Croft, Currie, and Lockett 2015). Furthermore, the collection process of the secondary type of data has enabled the researcher to compare the data that is being collected and finishing the inference of the effect that declining level of medical assistance in UK due to cost cut in NHS. For the process of primary data collection, interviews and questionnaires shall be the chief tools to understand the course of action along with effects of massive cost cuts in the NHS, for the patients admitted in the hospitals of UK and those who receive medical assistance in any other forms (Croft, Currie, and Lockett 2015). Relevant people like the officials from the medical field along with local and few other residents of UK and medical practitioners would be the ones who would be targeted by the researcher for the purpose of his research study and going along with the data collection method (Chang et al. 2016). Consequently, whatever the way is for the collection of information, it ought to be fulfilling the requisites. The ultimate objective would to be to productively finish the research study satisfying the aims and objectives of the research work by an appropriate research study.
The sample size is 16 a survey is conducted for this social research in order to come to an conclusion.
It is vital for the research scholar to judge all the ethical considerations necessary for him to follow. The information and the data that is being attained by the research scholar should be of authentic nature and must not contain any type of manoeuvring (Chang et al. 2016). The social research scholar would not indulge in any kind of biasness while going for interviewing as a process or a process of collecting data. The key emphasis of the researcher would be on the fact that the respondents must not engage themselves in channelizing the research scholar towards wrong information. This would extremely hinder the in general pace of the research scholar process. Furthermore the social researcher would also be needing to recognize the fact that there must not be any dripping of important information by any means (Abel-Smith and Titmuss 2016). The social researcher is limited to amend the data and the collected information by the researcher in any sort of situation. The information and facts that is being collected over time is mandatory to be presented in its real form by the social researcher. Any kind of manoeuvring in that would surely border the rate of success of the research. Besides, the researcher is being much-admired for using the information and the data for the academic principle and is constrained in using the same for any type of commercial function. For this particular research study, the researcher has followed the ethical considerations mentioned above while starting along with the research work.
Due to the limitation of time responses from only 16 respondents were collected. On the other hand, due to budget issues the research scholar could not access to some of the authentic secondary sources. These are the basic limitations faced by the researcher.
This particular chapter has engaged in the choice of the methodologies of the research work that provides the definite explanation of picking the suitable methodology for the research work. This chapter also takes into account the numerous techniques of accumulating the primary and the secondary data for the completion of the research work. On the other hand, in primary way it would be interviews and questionnaire, for the secondary type of analysis it would be beforehand published articles in magazines and the newspapers alongside with some appropriate books on the topic of the research. The research scholar has also demarcated the worth of ensuring the ethical consideration while piloting the research work along with the limits that is being majorly faced by the research scholar when performing the study of research (Abel-Smith and Titmuss 2016). The researcher have to keep important information clandestine as the research scholar would be making god use of the government website’s data and definite other things that cannot be used wrongly.
Are you filling this question for?
|
Options |
No of response |
Response (%) |
Total respondent |
|
Yourself |
14 |
87 |
16 |
|
Your child |
1 |
6.25 |
16 |
|
Your Spouse/Partner |
0 |
0 |
16 |
|
A relative/Friend |
1 |
6.25 |
16 |
Table 1: Survey filling
(Source: created by author)
Thus from the collected data it can be determined that in general most of the individuals opt of NHS for themselves though some of them seek assistance for their family members or for their friends.
What is your (Their) age group
|
Options |
No of response |
Response (%) |
Total respondent |
|
0 – 5 years |
1 |
6 |
16 |
|
6 – 12 years |
0 |
0 |
16 |
|
`13 – 20 years |
3 |
19 |
16 |
|
21 – 29 years |
6 |
38 |
16 |
|
30 – 40 years |
5 |
31 |
16 |
|
41 – 50 years |
1 |
6 |
16 |
|
Over 50 years |
0 |
0 |
16 |
Table 2: age group
Thus from the above table, it can be perceived that in most cases the individuals hailing from the age group of 21 to 40 years old are facing health related issues and thus the government of UK should put stress on finding the reason behind it in order to eradicate the issues.
|
Options |
No of response |
Response (%) |
Total respondent |
|
Male |
5 |
31 |
16 |
|
Female |
11 |
68 |
16 |
Table 3: gender
(Source: created by author)
From the table above it is seen that in most cases the female population of UK seek help from the NHS and the government should look into this matter for the improvement of the situation.
|
Options |
No of response |
Response (%) |
Total respondent |
|
White |
8 |
50 |
16 |
|
Black African |
5 |
31 |
16 |
|
Black Caribbean |
2 |
12.5 |
16 |
|
Asian |
1 |
6.2 |
16 |
|
Others |
0 |
0 |
16 |
Table 4: ethnicities
(Source: created by author)
The table above clearly states that white Europeans in most cases are free to seek assistance, where as individuals hailing from different ethnic background are not that comfortable seeking assistance from the NHS. It is high time for government to take necessary actions to solve these kinds of issues, as in today’s world racial discrimination should not prevail.
|
Options |
No of response |
Response (%) |
Total respondent |
|
Current NHS patient |
14 |
87 |
16 |
|
Used to be NHS patients |
2 |
13 |
16 |
Table 5: resident patients
This particular table explains that in most cases the individuals seek assistance from NHS are in-house patients and there are very few who has taken the services of NHS and took further assistance from NHS when needed. This proves that the quality of medical assistance is degrading over time.
|
Options |
No of response |
Response (%) |
Total respondent |
|
Poor 1 |
4 |
87 |
16 |
|
2 |
2 |
6.25 |
16 |
|
`3 |
6 |
37 |
16 |
|
4 |
2 |
6.25 |
16 |
|
5 |
0 |
0 |
16 |
|
6 |
2 |
6.25 |
16 |
|
7 excellent |
0 |
0 |
16 |
|
Mean |
Median |
Mode |
SD |
|
2.875 |
3 |
3 |
1.58 |
Table 6: duration
From the Mean value of the above table it can be said that 37% of the respondents expressed their dissatisfaction regarding the duration of the time consumed to get cured under the NHS. The mode value also states the same. As in this case, the Standard deviation is more than 1, the situation is concerning because after getting the assistance of NHS, the patients take a huge time to get cured properly.
|
Options |
No of response |
Response (%) |
Total respondent |
|
Yes |
16 |
100 |
16 |
|
No |
0 |
0 |
16 |
Table 7: disability
The above table shows that only people who are physically fit seeks help from NHS regarding medical issues. Thus the government might look for the reason behind the physically challenged people’s reluctance in seeking medical assistance from NHS.
|
Options |
No of response |
Response (%) |
Total respondent |
|
Christian |
10 |
62 |
16 |
|
Muslim |
2 |
12 |
16 |
|
Hindu |
0 |
0 |
16 |
|
Other |
0 |
0 |
16 |
|
No religion |
4 |
25 |
16 |
Table 8: Religion
The above table indicates that in most cases the Christians seek help from NHS and very few people from other ethnic background gets help from NHS or even approach them to seek assistance. This situation must be improved as NHS should be equal for all.
|
Options |
No of response |
Response (%) |
Total respondent |
|
1 (poor) |
1 |
6 |
16 |
|
2 |
1 |
6 |
16 |
|
3 |
4 |
25 |
16 |
|
4 |
3 |
19 |
16 |
|
5 |
5 |
31 |
16 |
|
6 (excellent) |
2 |
21 |
16 |
|
Mean |
Median |
Mode |
SD |
|
4 |
4 |
5 |
1.414 |
Table 9: Dignity (Source: created by author)
The mean value of the table above indicates that 31% of the respondents were treated with above satisfactory dignity and 25% of them were treated somewhat badly. The mode value also states the same. In this particular case, the standard deviation value is 1.414, that makes the situation concerning and the government should take care of the situation so that all the patients are treated equally regardless of their social and economic background.
|
Options |
No of response |
Response (%) |
Total respondent |
|
1 (poor) |
1 |
6 |
16 |
|
2 |
2 |
12 |
16 |
|
3 |
4 |
25 |
16 |
|
4 |
2 |
12 |
16 |
|
5 |
5 |
31 |
16 |
|
6 (excellent) |
2 |
12 |
16 |
|
Mean |
Median |
Mode |
SD |
|
3.875 |
4 |
5 |
1.5 |
Table 10: Care Assistance
This table portrays the mean value 4 that states that the nursing care under NHS is under the satisfactory level and that is really concerning. The mode value is 5 making the nursing care level above satisfactory somehow. On the other hand the standard deviation rate is 1.5 that is concerning and the government should take initiatives to improve the nursing care.
After leaving hospital, did you get enough support from health or social care professionals to help you recover and manage your condition? (Out patients only)
|
Options |
No of response |
Response (%) |
Total respondent |
|
Yes |
7 |
44 |
16 |
|
No |
4 |
25 |
16 |
|
Do not apply |
5 |
31 |
16 |
Table 11: post recovery support
The collected result indicates that currently the situation of NHS in UK is not satisfactory as out of 16 respondents only 7 individuals got support from NHS after recovery, 4 individuals approached and did not get any assistance. On the other hand 5 people did not even care to seek assistance from them. This situation must be improved and thus the government must put in effort for the betterment of the situation.
Conclusion
Thus to conclude, it can be said that NHS in UK was introduced to provide medical assistance especially for the aged people and the individuals who are not privileged. Thus the main motive of NHS should be providing continuous medical support to the people who need it badly. The analysis above clearly portrays the shortcomings and the degradation of the services provided by NHS. Thus, it can be said that government should take initiatives for the improvement of the situation as it is mentioned in the previous section of this report. NHS should be equal for all the residents of the nation and thus this should be maintained.
References
Abel-Smith, B. and Titmuss, R.M., 2016. The cost of the national health service in England and Wales. Cambridge University Press.
Chang, K.C.M., Lee, J.T., Vamos, E.P., Soljak, M., Johnston, D., Khunti, K., Majeed, A. and Millett, C., 2016. Impact of the National Health Service Health Check on cardiovascular disease risk: a difference-in-differences matching analysis. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 188(10), pp.E228-E238.
Croft, C., Currie, G. and Lockett, A., 2015. The impact of emotionally important social identities on the construction of a managerial leader identity: a challenge for nurses in the English National Health Service. Organization Studies, 36(1), pp.113-131.
Greenfield, G., Ramzan, F.A., Newson, R.B., Majeed, A. and Gnani, S., 2015. Frequent attendances to National Health Service general practitioner-led urgent care centres in London: an observational study. The Lancet, 386, p.S40.
Hanefeld, J., Smith, R., Horsfall, D. and Lunt, N., 2014. What do we know about medical tourism? A review of the literature with discussion of its implications for the UK National Health Service as an example of a public health care system. Journal of travel medicine, 21(6), pp.410-417.
Harrison, S., 2013. Managing the National Health Service: shifting the frontier?. Springer.
Hart, O.R., Uden, R.M., McMullan, J.E., Ritchie, M.S., Williams, T.D. and Smith, B.H., 2015. A study of National Health Service management of chronic osteoarthritis and low back pain. Primary health care research & development, 16(2), pp.157-166.
Kerr, M., Rayman, G. and Jeffcoate, W.J., 2014. Cost of diabetic foot disease to the National Health Service in England. Diabetic Medicine, 31(12), pp.1498-1504.
Macinati, M.S. and Anessi-Pessina, E.U.G.E.N.I.O., 2014. Management accounting use and financial performance in public health-care organisations: Evidence from the Italian National Health Service. Health policy, 117(1), pp.98-111.
Malviya, A., Raza, A., Jameson, S., James, P., Reed, M.R. and Partington, P.F., 2015. Complications and survival analyses of hip arthroscopies performed in the national health service in England: a review of 6,395 cases. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery, 31(5), pp.836-842.
Martin, G., Beech, N., MacIntosh, R. and Bushfield, S., 2015. Potential challenges facing distributed leadership in health care: evidence from the UK National Health Service. Sociology of health & illness, 37(1), pp.14-29.
Morris, E.J.A., Finan, P.J., Spencer, K., Geh, I., Crellin, A., Quirke, P., Thomas, J.D., Lawton, S., Adams, R. and Sebag-Montefiore, D., 2016. Wide variation in the use of radiotherapy in the management of surgically treated rectal cancer across the English National Health Service. Clinical Oncology, 28(8), pp.522-531.
Pulikottil-Jacob, R., Suri, G., Connock, M., Kandala, N.B., Sutcliffe, P., Maheswaran, H., Banner, N.R. and Clarke, A., 2014. Comparative cost-effectiveness of the HeartWare versus HeartMate II left ventricular assist devices used in the United Kingdom National Health Service bridge-to-transplant program for patients with heart failure. The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation, 33(4), pp.350-358.
Restelli, U., Scolari, F., Bonfanti, P., Croce, D. and Rizzardini, G., 2015. New Highly Active Antiretroviral drugs and generic drugs for the treatment of HIV infection: a budget impact analysis on the Italian National Health Service (Lombardy Region, Northern Italy). BMC infectious diseases, 15(1), p.323.
Taylor, R.M., Fern, L.A., Aslam, N. and Whelan, J.S., 2016. Direct access to potential research participants for a cohort study using a confidentiality waiver included in UK National Health Service legal statutes. BMJ open, 6(8), p.e011847.
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