5G cellular systems are expected to the required element that enables digital transformation that provides business, people and organizations capability to manage as well as share needed information and data over the network infrastructure. According to researchers, 5G should not only be known for cutting edge radio access technology but also it should be remembered as the element that integrates the cross domain networks that makes the need for services easy with respect to different user demands [2]. 5G technologies are capable of providing end to end infrastructure that delivers consistent user quality experiences over the network infrastructure. In order to provide these capable measures the technology needs to be supported with high bit rates for providing effective data transfer and sharing processes within the network infrastructure that will manage developed system architecture. Therefore, for making this technology more reliable in terms of high bit rates, slicing of network in introduced within the system architecture of cellular network. This technology is nothing but the combination of cloud computing technology and software defined networking (SDN) [5]. This combination provides both virtual and physical resources to create the service they have designed for. This paper is elaborating about innovation of 5G technology as well as the introduction of high quality cellular networking techniques with respect to network slicing technology are elaborated within this paper with respect to concerned objectives of this research process.
Software defined networking technology is the umbrella term that encompasses several kinds of network technology aiming at making the network agile as well as flexible with respect to the virtualized server and storage infrastructure of the modern data center. The aim of SDN is to allow the network engineers and administrators in adopting rapid changes involved within the network architecture with respect to different functional aspects involved within the network or system architecture of the network [8]. In case of the Software Defined Networking Technology the network administrator can shape the traffic easily with respect to centralized control of network without having connection with individual switches and also able to deliver services where it is needed. This is done without considering the connection between the server and hardware components that are connected to the server or network system architecture. The key technologies for SDN network implementation are nothing but the separation of functional aspects involved within the network and the network virtualization and automation is achieved through the programs build on the server devices and functional areas of server and its devices.
Figure 1: Software Defined Networking Framework
Additionally, the SDN is focused individually on separation of the control plane. The control plane of the network is capable of making decision about how the packets should continue their flow within the network architecture with respect to the data plane of the network. Whenever the packet arrives at a switch within the network rules are built within the switch and the firmware tells the switch within the network where these needed to be forwarded [10]. The switch then sends every packet that is set for same destination as well as along the same path. In the classic SDN scenario rules for packet handling process with respect to applications of the controllers involved within the network architecture.
Next Generation Mobile Networks (NGMN) alliance is nothing but one mobile telecommunications association of different mobile operators and vendors that manufactures and researches about different technologies involved within mobile networking system architecture with respect to different development of generations of mobile system architectures. It is found that various major mobile operators in the year of 2006 created one open forum for evaluating candidate technologies for developing a common view of solution measures for next evaluation of wireless networks [11]. The main objective behind this technology is to develop common view broadband networks that provide the roadmap for technological development and user friendly applications developments. The NGMN Alliance complements and supports standard organizations with respect to their providences about coherent view of mobile operators. The alliances project results have been acknowledged by 3rd Generation Partnership Project TeleManagement Forum.
The main requirement for 5G network slicing has a set of specific requirements. These requirements are considered as stable element within this position of research and also considered as the technical specification for the development of network architecture or infrastructure involved within the research process. Therefore, with respect to this requirement of the network architecture its functionality is also required to be analyzed and researched. These functionalities are elaborated as follows:
The immediate benefit that the operators get from the network slicing technology is nothing but the ability of deploys the functions that are required for supporting particular customers and particular market segments that are not needed to be deployed within the system architecture of the infrastructure [4]. This aspect results into the savings that deploys the functionalities of the system architecture with respect to supportive devices and their functionalities involved within the network architecture. The derivative benefits of the deployment of 5G system architectures as the functions are very important system architectural development of the considered network architecture.
5G network architecture should be based on comprehensive considerations of software control and hardware infrastructure generally works intermediately. Network slicing technologies can fulfill the diversity of network requirements that are based on the unified physical infrastructure and sharing resources of networks. This is considered paradigm that provides several independent operating instances for specific network functions [8]. SDN has considered as widely granted as promising techniques for implementing the network slicing based on the network function virtualization (NFV). NFV is able to replace the traditional network elements (such as policy and charging rules functions (PCRF), Packet service gateways (P/S- GW)). The server can be considered for pooling the virtual machines (VM) for running on commercial off the shell hardware and software. In addition to this, the rational RAN is generally divided into Centralized processing units within cloud RAN.
Figure 2: Network Slicing based on 5G System Architecture
The centralized processing units are generally virtualized with respect to the resource pooling that is introduced for performing service slicing accordingly different QoS requirements. The logical infrastructure of a 5G System dependent on the network slicing is provided in the above figure. The radio access plane of the 5G network architecture is heterogeneous network architecture that accommodates multiple radio access technologies and also provides supports efficient cooperation’s between them. Small cells and Wi-Fi access points are accurately deployed for meeting the increasing traffic data demands within the 5G network architecture [9]. Additionally, device to device communications are utilized for increasing the system capabilities and it also improves the efficiency of the spectrums as well as reduces communication delays. The D2D communications play the critical role in network slicing based on 5G network architectures with respect to improved quality of local services as well as emergence of communication measures that are required for managing the communication perspectives involved within the system architecture of the IoT or 5G network infrastructure.
The figure is showing traditional centralized architecture for the development of CN as this has evolved within the core cloud architecture. This cloud architecture separates the control plane from user plane for reducing the signaling of control. This aspect delays the data transmission [1]. The core cloud is able to provide some important functions for controlling plane. Among all off applications of slicing of network architecture, mobility management, virtualized resource management and other possibilities are considered for managing the development of network infrastructure. The server and different functionalities of Ran are identified within the edge cloud that is centralized pool of virtualized functionalities. Edge cloud is capable of performing data forwarding as well as plane control functionalities such as base bad processing. In addition to this fact, the user plane works for make the data shifted to the edge cloud for providing low latency services. This aspect introduces reduces the burden and reduces pressure on the system architecture. Mobile edge computing technologies are generally deployed within the edge cloud. In addition to this, the data are forwarding and content storage servers are also connected with them that help the execution of storage units within the system architectures. VMs are able to distribute core cloud ad edge cloud services within the system architecture of the conditions involved within the system architecture of the network architecture [3]. The corresponding VMs are effective in utilizing the significant system architecture with respect functional aspects involved within the network structure. The virtualization is the first stage of developing the system architecture of 5G network infrastructure. The network slicing can be implemented within the software system architecture for managing network infrastructure with respect to different potential impacts and aspects involved within the end to end network architecture. An example of network slicing operating one set of generic physical infrastructure shows the functional activities involved within the network infrastructure of 5G network. In addition to this, enhanced mobile broadband generally requires a large bandwidth for managing the high data rate involved within the system architecture of the high definition video streaming and providing augmented reality [4. Caching functions, data units and other control functions are involved within the network infrastructure that manages the system architecture and functional impacts of the networking applications. Reliability and low latency as well as security aspects should be managed with respect to security perspectives involved within the system architecture of the network architectures.
Figure 3: Network Slicing Management
Mobility management involved within the mobile communication has evolved within the single RAT handover cases and this is done for managing complex and multi RAT mobility scenarios. In addition to this, by depending on the concepts of SDN control plane and the user plane is split into the gateway of CN. The integrated control functionalities can easily reduces the control over the signaling conditions [8]. These nodes are distributed and functionally visible with respect to different operations involved within the network architecture of any network. The mobility management concepts are able to distribute the data in between nodes and functional aspects involved within the nodes. Mobility management concepts provide slicing based 5G systems and these systems are efficient enough with respect to different functional aspects involved within the system architecture of 5G network infrastructures. New mobility management of schemes needed to be developed within the end devices and infrastructure with respect to significant design of end devices within the network architecture.
Different network slices own different characteristics and requirements that are known as mobility concepts and functionalities. Latency, mobility and reliability are three core concepts involved within the slicing of network events [7]. In addition to this, the instances of railway communications with respect to IoT applications are managed with respect to different functional aspects involved within the system architecture of the communications functionalities involved within the system architecture of the network slicing programs that benefits the network infrastructures. Low amount of latency communications need the guarantee of high mobility as these don’t have this within their system architecture with respect to functional areas of applications. There are mainly two significant areas of moiety management practices involved within the network slicing events. These are location registration, handover management.
Location Based Registration: Mobile device generally register their locations whenever they are first get connected to the network. After this they are able to report the location information periodically. Within the 5G network the home subscribe servers are distributed within the edge cloud with respect to the functional aspect involved within the system architecture of the 5G network infrastructure [6]. These edge cloud needs to be put near the end devices in order to reduce the registration delays and this in terms reduces the backhaul burdens involved within the network. 5G networks are able to aggregate the multiple heterogeneous RATs for integrating the whole system architectures. This is done for achieving the unified multi-RAT access and seamless mobility. The multi- RAT coordination is needed for different RATs for sharing the location based information for their own mobile devices.
Handover Management: In case of handover management the conventional cellular networks introduces handovers and these are event triggered. The base situations are controlled with respect to the user terminals for executing the management and reporting of measured network status information for serving the network infrastructure in a better way with respect to different functional aspects [10]. In case of 5G network architectures mobile is related to events that need to be redefined with respect to the network demands and functional aspects of the network. Flexible handover mechanisms as well as adaptive handover mechanisms are exploited for supporting mobility management within service tailored scenarios.
Network slicing facilitates dynamic and effective allocation of network resources for meeting QoS requirements. Within the SDN and NFV enabled network slicing system, the network resources are virtualized as well as managed within the centralized network pools. Additionally, the limitations of network resources as well as diversified network services this aspects creates challenge that efficiency provisions to the network resources to the network slices for various QoS requirements [12]. The heterogeneous nature of the 5G network architectures adds complexities in resource allocations. Specifically, for denser development of the spectrum sharing small cells is effective enough for flexible resource allocation schemes that are related to interference awareness which are needed. In addition to this, this report has presented resource allocation scheme for tailored different QoS requirements involved within the network architecture of any system architecture of 5G networks or system architecture of network slicing [51]. uRLLC slicing technology is helpful in providing communication devices that are sensitive enough with respect to time delay and also require lower transmission rate for managing other slices. Additionally, there could be mutual interferences between the small cells and microcells that are able to provide services foor eMBB slice as well as for IoT slice.
The collected small cells and macro cells combines a two tier system architecture for radio access plane. Small cells generally receives the two kind of interferences cross tier interferences from the macro cells and co-tier interferences from neighbor small cells [2]. In contrast with these facts, in this scenario uplink resource allocation is modeled as it maximized the capacity of the uplink layers. The maximum transmit power of each small cell users, minimum data rate of each uRLLC users, threshold total interference power received are considered for development of modeling and formulation of transmission.
The above provided formulation results within the non-convex discrete objective functions. The researchers transform these binary sub cells and their allocated resources for indicating and monitoring continuous real variables involved within the system architecture [4]. These variables are transformed into the convex function and this can be solved with the help of decomposition of Lagrangian dual decomposition. The Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) is used within this context.
The simulation results are nothing but the non-convex discrete objective function. These results are performed by the network slicing based on 5G network. Within this phenomenon,
Figure 4: Total capacity of eMBB slice versus the number of small cells
a suburban environment is considered for distributing the small cells within the network architecture with respect to different functional aspects and functional specifications. The macrocells coverage radius is 500 meters and the small cells have the radius of 10m [10]. In addition to this, the other system parameters are given as follows: frequency is 2 GHz, channel is divided into 10 MHz lengths etc.
Figure 6: Total capacity of uRLLC Lice versus number of small cells
This figure is showing the capacity of uRLLC slice that also can increase the number of small cells but the capacity of uRLLC slice is generally twenty times the eMBB slice. This is aspect is highlighted as eMBB slice is used for large bandwidths for transmitting the massive data. uRLLC slice is only capable of transmitting the low volume data and control messages [12]. The data under low latency constraints are also transferred in this process.
Figure 6: Total capacity of IoT slice versus Small cells
Figure 6 is showing the total capacity of the IoT slice that is supported by the microcells which generally suffers from cross tier interferences from small cell supporting the eMBB and uRLLC slices [5]. The total capacity of the IoT slice decreases with the number of small cells due to increasing cross tier interferences introduced within the network architecture.
References
[1] Ujhelyi, Z., Bergmann, G., & Varró, D. (2016, July). Rete Network Slicing for Model Queries. In International Conference on Graph Transformation (pp. 137-152). Springer International Publishing.
[2] Nikaein, N., Schiller, E., Favraud, R., Katsalis, K., Stavropoulos, D., Alyafawi, I., … & Korakis, T. (2015, September). Network store: Exploring slicing in future 5g networks. In Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Mobility in the Evolving Internet Architecture (pp. 8-13). ACM.
[3] Zhou, X., Li, R., Chen, T., & Zhang, H. (2016). Network slicing as a service: enabling enterprises’ own software-defined cellular networks. IEEE Communications Magazine, 54(7), 146-153.
[4] da Silva, I., Mildh, G., Kaloxylos, A., Spapis, P., Buracchini, E., Trogolo, A., … & Bayer, N. (2016, June). Impact of network slicing on 5G Radio Access Networks. In Networks and Communications (EuCNC), 2016 European Conference on (pp. 153-157). IEEE.
[5] Alliance, N. G. M. N. (2016). Description of network slicing concept. NGMN 5G P, 1.
[6] Sciancalepore, V., Samdanis, K., Costa-Perez, X., Bega, D., Gramaglia, M., & Banchs, A. (2017). Mobile Traffic Forecasting for Maximizing 5G Network Slicing Resource Utilization. IEEE INFOCOM (to appear).
[7] Nakao, A., Du, P., Kiriha, Y., Granelli, F., Gebremariam, A. A., Taleb, T., & Bagaa, M. (2017). End-to-end network slicing for 5g mobile networks. Journal of Information Processing, 25, 153-163.
[8] Caballero, P., Banchs, A., de Veciana, G., & Costa-Perez, X. (2016). Network Slicing Games: Enabling Customization in Multi-Tenant Mobile Networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1612.08446.
[9] Retal, S., Bagaa, M., Taleb, T., & Flinck, H. (2017, May). Content Delivery Network Slicing: QoE and Cost Awareness. In Proc. IEEE ICC.
[10] An, X., Zhou, C., Trivisonno, R., Guerzoni, R., Kaloxylos, A., Soldani, D., & Hecker, A. (2017). On end to end network slicing for 5G communication systems. Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, 28(4).
[11] Jiang, M., Condoluci, M., & Mahmoodi, T. (2016, May). Network slicing management & prioritization in 5G mobile systems. In European Wireless 2016; 22th European Wireless Conference; Proceedings of (pp. 1-6). VDE.
[12] He, Z., Cao, J., & Liu, X. (2016). SDVN: enabling rapid network innovation for heterogeneous vehicular communication. IEEE network, 30(4), 10-15.
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