Using the article or study provided to you by your Instructor, answer the following questions regarding a public health research study:
What problem or thesis statement did the authors identify? Is it clearly stated? Provide a rationale for your answer.
Yes. The author suggested that there is a discrepancy in disclosure of HIV infection as well as risky sexual behavior amongst HIV-infected female migrant workers. The underlying reason is that approximately 86% of Myanmar and Thailand and 10% of Cambodian female are low skills workers where 1.1% are suffering from HIV. However, majority of them failed to disclose the information due to lack of awareness, low HIV risk perception and limited condom use. Hence, it is crucial to gather the perception and values and hence, researchers identified the problem and conducted the study.
What is the primary research question? Is it clearly stated? Provide a rationale for your answer.
Research question is “what is issues related to disclosure of HIV positive status amongst HIV-infected migrant workers in Thailand?
However, it is not clearly stated in the research rather present implicitly in literature review. The underlying reason is that while disclosure of HIV positive status is fundamental is to improve the treatment adherence, many female migrant workers do not disclose. Hence, it is primary question.
Is the approach appropriate given the research questions? Why or why not?
The approach presented for research is qualitative research design even though study is mixed method.
The approach is appropriate for research questions because HIV positive female migrant workers do not disclose status that render gap in the treatment planning and early screening (Watson, 2015). Due to low socio-economic status and female gender, they tend to have low disclosure in fear of rejection and blame. Hence, it is appropriate for research questions because qualitative research design enable researchers to gather human experience especially values and beliefs regarding HIV related infection for gaining deeper understanding of context and answering how” and “why” research questions (Mohajan, 2018).
Are the literature review and sources provided comprehensive and current? Provide a rationale for your answer.
Yes because the researchers conducted literature review by including sources from 2001 to 2016 which focused on values , beliefs of HIV positive female migrant workers, prevalence and incidence of HIV positive patients.
What are the study population and the sample population? Are they clearly identified and defined? Provide a rationale for your answer.
The study population is HIV positive female migrant workers which identified and defined because researchers conducted in depth interviews by including 18 HIV positive female migrant workers as well as 29 health care workers ( Aspers & Corte, 2019).
How was the sample population selected?
Population are included through screening individuals who participated quantitative survey ( Ayuttacorn et al., 2019). They are recruited through using purposive sampling from age, sex and HIV infection and 4 participants are selected from different hospitals.
Did the researchers identify a Theoretical Model Or Conceptual Framework to help them understand and interpret their findings?
National Operational Plan Accelerating Ending AIDS’s framework is used because it enable professionals to counsel and facilitate the disclosure of the information to family , community. The findings are interpreted using this framework.
How were the data collected?
The data collection was done using in-depth interviews with 18 migrant worker and trained interviewers collected data from in-depth interviews in private rooms for 45 to 90 minutes. Field notes were made and audio-recorded during interview ( Ayuttacorn et al., 2019).
How were the data analyzed?
ATLAS.ti software is used for systematic coding as well as categorizing textual information. The initial coding scheme were developed in line with topic outline.
What were the major findings?
The findings suggested that the disclosure is low because of fear of marital conflict, losing social support as well as emotional support. On the other hand, They tend to have low disclosure to family and community due to fear of rejection and blame from them ( Ayuttacorn et al., 2019). The intense negative perception and stigma of losing job is another reason behind disclosure. While some of them are aware they are infected and pregnant, huge discrepancy in HIV testing services reduce underutilization and disclosure of the information.
How were the findings interpreted by the researchers?
The information interpreted in the way that gender norms as well as male dominance influenced decision-making of disclosure. On the other hand, perception is crucial because many females think low risk of HIV transmission, especially adequate ART adherence. Even if they have comprehensive knowledge of infection and transmission, service gap reduce disclosure ( Ayuttacorn et al., 2019). The researchers also interpreted that some of the information might be conflicted as many suggested good knowledge and other suggested stigma and negative perception,
Yes because interviewing health facilities encouraged them socially-desirable answer for sensitive topic. The second limitation is only presentation of qualitative research ( Ayuttacorn et al., 2019). However, low generalizability as researcher only included Chiang Mai group for research.
What recommendations or suggestions for next steps did the researchers make?
The recommendation can be include all data from mixed , method , focus only migrant workers for answer and focus on other thai groups for answer.
Provide a brief (200 words) critical review of the article or study based on your responses to the preceding questions.
Article provided brief insight into disclosure of HIV positive status amongst HIV-infected migrant workers in Thailand. The researchers conducted mixed method research which is a most suitable research that able to address limitation of both research style. However, qualitative research data has been presented in the research limit the relevance of the research in the current literature. The researchers included 18 HIV positive female migrant workers to conduct the research that can provide brief idea of human experience, values and perception. The findings suggested that the disclosure is low because of fear of marital conflict, losing social support as well as emotional support while disclosure in community is low due to blame and rejection. The result is consistent with the emerging literature because Jirattikorn et al. (2020), suggested that low risk perceptions as well as stigma of infection and increased migrants’ likelihood of having partner and hence, it has low disclosure. On the other hand, Musumari and Chamchan (2016), also suggested that low HIV testing is associated with low flow of information, low confidentiality and stigma.
In your opinion, what are the strengths and limitations of this study? Does this study make a significant contribution to the literature and advance the knowledge base? Why or why not?
The major strength of the study is that The researchers conducted mixed method research and hence, it able to address all of the biases of both research. On the other hand, it also provided triangulated data from the quantitative survey having qualitative interview (Aspers & Corte, 2019). However, the limitation of the study is the qualitative study because qualitative study has a bias developed from values and beliefs of the individuals. On the other hand, the second limitation is health care professionals because interviewing health facilities encouraged them socially-desirable answer for sensitive topic. Hence, it also reduces the span of research and provide a biased answer. The third limitation is only presentation of qualitative research that also reduce complete span of the research. However, low generalizability as researcher only included Chiang Mai group for research (Aspers & Corte, 2019). While other have may provide an insight into other factors associated with the disclosure apart fear of rejection and blame, the researchers included only one group. The generalizability of the research can be improved by including other groups of migrant workers. The research can make contribution to the literature because the research it will enable professional to increase awareness regarding low risk perceptions , safe sexual practice as well as stigma of infection (Jirattikorn et al., 2021). On the other hand, nursing professionals able to advocate for developing culture safe services and policies that can acknowledge the lived experience of HIV and provide empowering environment so that population feel safe to effective clinical services. This study will also contribute to advance knowledge base by identifying the barriers to seek clinical services. In will enable researchers to breach gap across the health care services while improve HIV screening
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