International Businesses Are a Scope Of Managers To Take Advantage Of The Competitive Advantage Nations Which Are In All Over The World While Having Geographic and complex value chain, not only selling a product but also access the knowledge and inputs and skills. International business refers to all the transaction of businesses that takes place among two or more countries. On the other hand, globalisation is increasing the interconnection of different nations not only economically but also culturally and politically (Roy, Ranhotra, and Sharma, 2022). Nowadays many organisations are adopting business strategies to expand themselves in another country or at the global level to enhance their market base and create more profits. While emerging markets into various nations, companies are creating a positive impact on businesses and also help in adopting new technologies and procedures that are followed by another nation. However, emerging into another country is not easy, there is a certain risk that is associated with being globalised. There are certain factors as well internal and external which can impact the business environment and its operations and create a negative impact on its performance and employees. These impacts include political factors, technological factors, economic factors affecting. The report focuses on the Automotive industry which is growing day by day after the pandemic (Di Maria, Micelli, and Brocca, 2022). It wants to enter into Brazil country to enhance its profits and revenue. The present reports highlight about the chosen industry is globalised or regionalized. Further, it is triad aur multipolar. There is an analysis of various factors which can impact organisational performance and its function at the globalisation level. It also discusses FDI.
The business world has not stopped to involve the complex competition and this has led to the shift within a global structure across several industries. It is important to stay relevant in the industry and is a business and retain in global status which is quite brutal (Wilkinson, 2022). It was a time when the global economic structure was coordinated by other European countries like Dutch, UK and France. In context with the present study, in a singular global economic figure, the US was the centre of FDI. So, there are three major markets in which industry can invest as the automotive industry. These are the US, Europe and Brazil. This physical structure not only describes the global market building but also introduces the idea of globalized and localized directions.
In the present study of the triad market, it is recognized the devolved direction of the triad area elsewhere the globalized direction they regarded as the liberation of emerging countries (the first insight of the triad market). As it is imagined, these nations similarly show the features of worldwide change, such as the progress of industrialization in the region, industrial groups, increased admission to capital, and technical advances. Some of these nations are Mexico, Brazil, China, Hong Kong and so on (Robertson, 2022).
The globalised industry is regarded as the industry that is operating all over the world (Oves, 2022). This industry has a rough valuation of products and services in every market to its customers and also it is having a competitive position among companies that are performing within a particular industry across all markets. On the other hand, regionalized is that industry that is operating within its own country. It is not having worldwide experience. These both are contradictory terms that form new institutions in the global economic space that determine the actions of external subjects.
Moreover, Brazil is the world’s 8th best automotive manufacturer but its production is significantly dropped in a few years after the pandemic. Within Brazil, there are about 419 auto parts producers, some of the 5 automotive manufacturers include Fiat, Volkswagen, Ford, General Motors and Renault. It is one of the homes in the most prominent automotive market. It serves around 210 million of population and the South American nation ranks sixth-largest car market globally (Ilankoon, and Aldrich, 2022). But in a few years, Brazil does not stand for the demand of its vehicles as the covid-19 pandemic has stuck its sales most and it is trying to recover from the previous crisis (Automotive industry in Brazil – Statistics & Facts, 2022) There is about 120.5k number of people employed within the automotive industry currently and also there is about 5.8k number of companies are working under this industry. So, it has been analysed from the above figures that the automotive industry is one of the Globalised industries which is working in all over the world and having effective marketing and business strategies. For example- Countries like Australia imported or collected cars from Europe or the USA. Vehicle manufacturers in Brazil are losing money and laying off their employees in droves since huge market has not materialized. In today’s Era businesses also got that automaker are creating shifts and spending a millions of dollars to enhance the capacity and ability to keep the demand within South America country that is equine its biggest economic prosperous in decade. For example General motors corporation expect to be invest about 3 billion dollar in next 5 years as Brazil is become in the important engineering hub for US automakers and also it is the third largest Market.
The triad is referring to the three centres that dominate the world economy which is the US, EU and Japan and also somewhat more broadly that are America, Europe and Japan (Wood, Chaiechi and Thirumaran, 2022). Since the turn of the millennium, the economic weight of Triad dominance is declined by the emergence of Brazil, Russia, India, China which is called BRIC and N-11 countries which are Egypt, Bangladesh, Iran, Indonesia, Pakistan, Mexico, Nigeria, South Korea, Philippines, Vietnam and turkey. On the next hand, multipolarity is the distribution of power which is in more than two nation-states that have nearly equivalent amounts of cultural, military, and economic influence. The Automotive industry comes in Triad dominance which is resulting in having centres in the world economy and developing its operations according to their local cultures.
FDI is the investment that provides an investor with a controlling interest within a foreign company (Bakri, and Rahman, 2022). Brazil is the fourth largest destination in the world for FDI in the year 2019 with having inflows of $75 billion. Its nominal budget deficit was 5.9 % of GDP that is around 108.8 billion dollars in the year 2019 and it is projected to end in 2020, it was around 11.1 per cent of GDP that is around 204.5 billion dollars. The Brazilian government is referencing attracting private investment in their manufacturing and energy industries at the time of 2019 (Investment Climate Statements: Brazil, 2020). The country has been more affected after a time of the coronavirus pandemic. It has run into recession. Before 2019, its gross domestic product was expended by 1.1 % but in the main 2020, there is a contraction of 3.3 %. and also, its unemployment rate was 11% at the end of 2021. Brazil is having an official investment strategy of promotion that prefers automobile manufacturing and renewable energy, oil and gas, Life science and infrastructure sectors (Juliano, and Reyes-De-Corcuera, 2022). Foreign investors who are in Brazil, receive similar legal treatment as local investors. Moreover, there are some restrictions on mass media, health, telecommunication, ruler property, aerospace etc.
Foreign direct investment is an investment that is made by an organisation or a person within one country into company interest located in another country. On the other hand, FPI, foreign portfolio investment refers to the investment that is made in securities and financial assets that are issued within another country (Ogola, 2022). Both of the methods are most important to global trade and its development. However, FDI is mostly the preferred mode by a business that is less volatile.
In the UK, the automotive industry is one of the vital parts of its economy because it is having worth more than £78.9 billion in turnovers which is having an added value of £15.3 billion value within the UK economy. There are over 1.3 million cars, 2.5 million engines and more than 78,000 commercial vehicles were built in the UK in the year 2019. UK automotive industry is working in over 160 countries worldwide (Arès, and Bernard, 2022). On the other hand, the automotive industry within Brazil has generated revenue of about 59.2 billion US dollars that include revenue from sales of motor vehicles and road construction machinery (Brazil – Automotive Sales volume, 2022). Brazil is regarded as one of the largest motor wheeler manufacturers worldwide.
Management of assets is one of the most significant parts of a business to keep business efficiently (Arès, and Bernard, 2022). If business assets are not managed effectively, then it can result in a reduction of revenue and profit of a business and not to be productive for a specific business. Asset management helps in monitoring, managing and tracking all the activities. It is having a purpose of maintenance, asset security, asset theft, real-time location etc. Further, it boosts the productivity of its asset and also helps in finding non-productive assets. It is being projected that the worldwide automotive industry will grow under nine trillion US dollars by the year 2030. It is forecast that new vehicle sales will be about 38% of this value. Some of the asset tracking technologies that are useful in this industry are RFID, radio frequency identification tag, GPS chip (global positioning system), barcode label. It helps in tracking and getting real-time information about an asset. The marketing activities of the automotive industry within Brazil will be through using social media advertising, direct marketing and word of mouth. This will be helpful in the achievement of organisational goals. Further, R&D areas for the automotive industry will be safety applications inoperative systems, urban mobility, suitable material, alternative fuels, ecological manufacturing and electrification of vehicles (Rajaeifar, Ghadimi, and Heidrich, 2022). Also, company production of vehicles should be done by Toyota motor corporations, Tata Motors, Bajaj auto limited, Chevrolet etc. moreover, industry sales and marketing will do through implementing certain strategies of marketing such as building campaigns, targeting the right people for those campaigns, building trust with the customer review and being at the top of Google SERP.
Within the industries, the international process is one of the effective processes for doing business in the international market. Many of the businesses are doing business at an international platform, as they have the advantage of lower labour costs in the market within other countries. With the help of foreign direct investment is mainly often for manage encouraged by hosting countries that will impose the sources on various trade barriers on import facilities. The companies especially related to automobile industries gain effective benefits for avoiding trade barriers, reducing production costs and it further helps in managing expand the production cost into the market. There are different obtain sources and support the local system for the growth to manage physical investment by hosting different countries (Welch et.al., 2022).
Many of the companies are using the Dunning OLI framework that is also known for ownership, location and internationalisation process. This model is used for a three-tiered evaluation process that is being used to make significant growth in foreign direct investment. Many of the automobiles company who are going their internationalisation to manage direct foreign investment within the society. These three terms are related to given below:
Ownership advantage: This advantage is taken by the companies for liability of foreigners and makes significant sources for make inherent disadvantage in different host countries. Hence, the role of ownership advantage is typical to be considered for managing intangible sources.
Location advantage: There is the need to manage great tools which help consider sources to take the advantage of location. This advantage is simply taken by the companies for making geographical process and need to exist because of cheap raw materials, low wages, lack of tariffs etc. Most of the companies like Ford are using porter’s diamond model which is grateful to determine the location advantage in the market.
Internationalisation advantage: This is used for better organisation processes and for managing particular effective products in the house against the 3rd party contracting system (Sahin, and Mert, 2022). Many of the companies found to be cost-effective strategy is operating from a different market location while keeping production always in the house.
This paradigm will be helpful for the UK automobile industries as they have different assumptions for avoiding transactions and work in open market challenges. Many of the automobile companies of the UK are now shifted and try to expand their market in brazil and the main reason behind this is to cost of action, in house carriers with a lower price range and different other process are used. That is further helpful in managing particular approaches and making greater value than any other variable available on national and international choices and making higher production of different goods and services in the sources (Rimkeeratikul, 2022).
The internalisation process occurs within the companies to make the effective transaction be handled by an entity itself rather than routing for someone else. This process further may apply to the business organisation and make effective transactions to make an effective corporate world. In many business organisations, this seems very important to make a transaction and conduct within the process for doing more corporative statements rather than the open market. Different MNCs are useful for making international relations which provide help in the globalisation process by managing effective business activities (Rubino, Multari and Valenza, 2022). The role of foreign direct investment is useful for many automobiles to work effectively and provide expansion to foreign policies to gain their interest sources. The internationalisation process will help the companies to provide systematic growth and a range of markets for gain profitability and FDI in the role of emerging economies. These are further related to the equilibrium process and make an outcome for managing a parameter for real-world values and their setting examples.
The resource-based theory is that which explains why the organisation outperform each other. The major subject of this theory is the internal resources of an organisation that determine the capability to perform with their competitors. This advancement of the theory points out the growth, heterogeneity and diversification of the forms (Guzzo, Rodrigues, and Mascarenhas, 2022). Further, this theory also finds the position of a home ground approach that is related to the international operationalization of a business.
While applying this theory to the present case study is noted that Brazil’s position within the global market is the drive for internal development in the region. The development level within a country has attracted global attention in favour of the automobile industry. Further, it has attracted manufacturers and also has increased production after the Pandemic and their government is supporting the automotive sector to extend towards its large global supply from Brazil. Moreover, the resource-based theory focuses on the firm that owns specific resources and which are unique to them. They are rare to imitate which can lead to the success of an organisation. The Brazilian market has several internal sources which can help the automotive industry to enhance and expand within that country (Stewart, Doude, and Rhee, 2022). As it has some of the resources like labour force, industrialisation expansion, cheap force, flexible political system. One of the limitations of this theory is that it mostly focused on the company’s internal resources but not on the external resources.
This is the next theory that provides perspective to understand Brazil’s economy. According to this theory, institution consists of economic, social and political institutions that influence every part of the society or a nation. This theory presents the understanding of the institution that is shaping economic behaviour (Behera, 2022). The important aspect of institutional economic theory is the new economics that is related to neoclassical economics as well as technology position and information. Further, the growth of Brazil’s automotive industry is praised and is developing efficiently. The government is also focusing on enhancing the automotive industry and updating rapid technologies. further, there is a spread of information within a country and rapidly changing behaviour of customers towards the automotive industry. Whether there is a change in urbanization, customer behaviour, consumption level, income level and purchasing power of the customers (Horsfall, 2022). The impact of these changes is raising the demand of the automotive industry at the regional level and more people are now effort to take a new and latest automotive vehicle to make the image in front of their society or groups.
The role of the macro-environment helps manage analysis and is to be considered for some major impacts in the automobile industry. This further can be achieved through major competitive analysis and make a segment for managing industries and make a basis for managing strategic groups in the market. As per the record, almost all the transportation sector has been using oil to meet 90% of their energy to make higher requirements and being considered for managing resources and making effective transportation costs (de Sousa and Castañeda-Ayarza, 2022). There are different factors which are needed to be considered while working in a macro-level industry and managing the control by tightening the regulation more effectively. There is the need to manage resources of the automobile industries and be analysed to be overcome through different eyesight and make a reduction in car horns and another manufacturing process to be considered while managing applicability in a more effective way (Zhang, 2022). It is further needed to work in the market and gain roadside sensors to help manage macro-level sources in the automotive industry.
The amount of trade will be dependent on the process and management resources to be considered in an effective format. Furthermore, the trade will occur the concept and manage resources are being analysed sources that will help in trade occur. This is needed to be considered that the role of the liberalisation process would be beneficial for managing consideration and making applicable sources in the market (Sharda and Mishra, 2022). All of these are provide a range of information to invest into the market and make effective technological support for reducing fuel and make wastage and provide a range of refuelling processes more effectively. This could be beneficial for the automobile industry which provides growth in their international range of the market with the help of the FDI process. Firms that can be more global than others are useful for introducing the sources and being considered ineffective methods and management. The role of firms would be effective and graceful to manage drastic economic downturns for managing highly affect the process and make an industry source (Hamzah et.al., 2022). There is a need for managing data-driven techniques to be at a global level and needed to be considered at the international level in automobile industries.
It has been analysed that how the company got expand their business operations within Brazil due to having large customer market and make international access to rest of the USA areas. Also, here the use of appropriate market demand and openness for the foreign investment will help the company to expand their business in more effective and applicable way. On the other side, there are some appropriate work which are useful to expand the business operations become threat due to having wide corruptions and wide range of export import barriers within the country.
The UK automotive industry faces certain difficulties which are related to the period of competition and sending of capital with their efforts to compete with the Japanese automakers and to achieve the pending government rules and regulations on control and safety emissions (Avezimbetovich, 2022). The automotive industry is emerging into the Brazilian market so they have to face certain factors which can affect their operations and also impact their business environment, companies working under it and also their sales and revenue.
Liberalisation is referring to the loss of government controls. That is related to the reductions within a government restriction on international trade and capital. Further, technology is another factor that can contribute to the higher efficiency of the investment. This factor can affect the automobile industry through the multi-utility of the vehicles that have been introduced within a new market. The coming of new technology and contemporary models can affect the business. Healthy growth of the market is also an impact of liberalization on the automotive industry. Moreover, this industry can FDI into new technology that is coming into a market and this factor is worked as globalised.
A cluster-based approach is starting with the asset and the industries that are already existing within a regional stakeholder that pursue an initiative to develop those industries better (Nouman, Ahmad, and Shah, 2022). A method of creating a new cluster within a region is like a strategy that improves the entire business condition, its technology, skills, infrastructure, government rules and supports local demand and also brings competition and foreign investment. In the automotive industry, clusters will help in creating new opportunities for this industry and also working on the competitions that are occurring within a Brazilian market. It will strongly follow government rules and regulations and works on the local demands of residents of Brazil. So industry will be regarded as globalised (Magnani, 2022). Further, they will work on upgrading the technologies and skills of employees which will help in concentrating on the achievement of objectives of an organisation. Further, Ford motors which is not long considered pulling out Brazil altogether is planning to spend about more than 1.6 billion dollars in next 4 years on product development to enhance their capacity. Also, Volkswagen AG is about to invest 1.86 billion in Brazil where they can sale more cars rather than Germany.
It is a central role of the government to make sure the growth of manufacturing sectors within a country (Al Rahahleh, and Bhatti, 2022). In Brazil, the government should take measures and come forward towards the development of the automotive industry as they are working towards making green carbon emissions which will help in reducing carbon from vehicles. In India, the automotive industry is contributing over 49% to the GDP and there are about 37 billion people who are employed in this industry directly or indirectly. In context with automotive industry, role of state will be regionalised.
Rising in emerging markets is the major factor that can influence the automotive industry as this has increased competition among the companies and the other industries as well. The present report focuses on Brazil as an emerging market which will help in enhancing the customer base in sales of this industry. Also, it creates a positive and negative impact both on this sector. It will help in engaging with the company environment and also works on the organisational growth opportunities, with rising in an emerging market, the automotive industry creates growth opportunities in different countries and also enhance the economy of a local country, their infrastructure and updating in technologies which develops economic growth which will be considering as the globalised (Archsmith, Muehlegger, and Rapson, 2022).
Offshoring outsourcing is regarded as a model when there is not much work to be off showed. Agreements in this help only in quality control of the particular industry in terms of offshoring outsourcing and that is why everything pivots on their perfect implementation (Hamouda, 2021). Offshoring refers to an organisation that arranged to get its work done in various countries and take advantage of cost-saving. This is one of the important approaches in the dynamic, complex and competitive global supply chain which is one of the sustained trends within a business that is undertaken by some of the organisations. This impact firms outsourcing. Further, outsourcing or offshoring is one of the typical competitive strategic phenomena that is in both international and domestic markets (Gonçalves, Bergquist, and Bunk, 2022). The automotive industry can use this in cost-saving, effectiveness and flexibility, improving management, access into the market and providing a better quality of products and services through the use of outsourcing which will help them in engaging more customers in Brazil and also working within a complex marketplace with different competitors like Ford motors, Hero, Toyota, Renault and Nissan etc. so this factor is regarded as globalised.
Conclusion
From the above entire report, it has been concluded that international business is a part of every organisation whether it is small or large. Various factors can affect the automotive industry’s operations and performance. Further, the industry has to emerge into another market that is in Brazil to enhance its customer base and profits. Further, it is doing foreign direct investment within Brazil to create growth opportunities and develop the country’s economy as well. This industry is regarded as a globalised industry that is operating all over the world. Moreover, various other factors can affect automotive industry operations like liberalization and technology, the role of states, the rising of the emerging markets, outsourcing of the activities. If the industry will work on these factors and these will be resulting in the development of the economy as well as enhancing sales in a market.
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