Illustration of the basic knowledge by making use of the ANSYS FLUENT is the main purpose of the computer lab session. This is done for the purpose of solving the turbulent flow in the three-dimensional area along with solving the problem of heat transfer problem which generally occurs at a pipe system which is having a simple design and the heat exchanger.
The representation of the heat exchanger for the simulation by making use of the ANSYS workbench has been done by making use of a rectangular box. The box consist of one inlet and one outlet. The ANSYS workbench can be considered as a platform where the users are capable of carrying out numerical simulation regarding the flow of the fluid and transfer of the heat. In order to simulate the flow of the fluid inside the heat exchanger, a rectangular box has been drawn and this has been done by making use of the flow of the fluid option in the workbench. Followed by the completion of the selection process a small window would appear which would be showing the various options (geometry, mesh, solution and the result). After this the analysis is named as the “rectangular box” and this is done by making selections from the option of fluid flow.
The next step includes the geometry and for the purpose of starting with the simulation the “geometry” option is to be clicked in the small window. Once the option is clicked then it would lead to the modeller which has been designed for doing this. It is to be made sure that the units are in the “mm” form for the accuracy. The units might also be kept in the “m” form if there exists any kind of problem regarding the conversion of the units. The rectangle is to be drawn on the “YZ” plane and this is to be done because it is 3D model. The “YZ” is to be selected in the outline of the tree and along with this Y axis is generally present in the top side whereas, the X and Z axes are generally rotated. The starting of the drawing of the rectangle is to be done in the YZ plane which would followed by the adjustments of the dimensions and the parameters. The L= 1000mm, H=1000mm and D=400mm. besides this it is also very much important to ensure the fact that rectangular sits are centred directly with respect to the axis and this would be helping in the elimination of the errors when further additions would be done. Once all this are completed we have to click on the generate button for the purpose of drawing the box.
Drawing of a small pipe is to be done on the top face of the XZ axis and this is considered as the next step. The centre of the circle would be located at a distance of 300mm away from the Y-axis and would be having the following dimensions: L=200mm, D=200mm. The repetition of the above discussed steps are done at the bottom of the box however all this would be done in the negative dimension axis. Once all this is done we have to click on the generate button for the purpose of drawing the pipes. Then the “geometry” window is to be exited in order to return to the main menu.
For the purpose of obtaining any kind of result there is a need f processing the heat exchanger by making use of the mesh simulation method. For this the “mesh” option is to be selected in the small window and this is to be done so as to start the process of simulation. There is also a need of analysing each element individually which are present in the heat exchanger. There is a need of naming each of the elements along with setting parameters for the mesh which includes the sizing and the automatic inflation and this would be followed by generation.
The simulation of the CFD is to be done by choosing the “setup” option present in the small window which is present in the main window. After this move on the menu present in the left side of then select the general option after which the “solver” option is to be selected. The next step involves the selection of the “models” option and this is to be done in order to set the Energy Equation on. After this the k-? turbulence equation is to be chosen which is present in the “Viscous” link. After there would occur a change in the k-elipson equation from standard to the realizable form and this is to be done for the purpose of creating the correct analysis. After completion of all this we need to return to the menu present in the left side and then select the “materials” for the purpose of creating the materials. After this we have to click on the fluid option which would be followed by selection of the “Create/Edit” button for the purpose of creating the material which is needed for this case it is the water. Name=water, Density = 1000, Cp=4.182, dynamic viscosity= 8e-4 and thermal conductivity= 0.577, this are correct credentials which are to be inputted in the appropriate boxes. The “cell zone conditions” is to be selected from the main menu option which would be followed by changing of the material name option.
There is also a need of adjusting the “Boundary condition” option from the main menu option. The renamed elements would be appearing over here and along with this the boundary condition of all this elements also needs to be adjusted. Regarding the “Velocity-inlet-large” the velocity specifications need to be changed to magnitude and the input that is 1m/s is also to be changed in the “Velocity magnitude” option. All these things are situated in the “momentum” option which is present in the top. After this we have to click the “thermal” option in order to change the temperature to around 350K. The temperature of the inner surface of the thermal exchanger is to be changes to around 273K which would be considered as the standard room temperature. After this the parameters and the boundary condition options would be completed which means that this would be right time for running the process of calculation. And to obtain the correct simulation there is need of changing the iterations to 50 and after this the calculations would be done.
After all this the graphics and the animations are also to be set up for the purpose of looking into the results which has been plotted for various contours of the temperature. After this the XY plane would be selected and the “points” would be changed to x0,y0,z0=0 and ix,iy=0,iz=1. One this is generated the contours would be represented visually.
The boundary conditions are associated with defining the inputs which are required for the simulation model. Key conditions which might include the velocity, and the rate of volumetric flow is associated with defining the ways by which the flow of fluid occurs in the model. Besides this the other conditions like the heat flux and the pressure is associated with defining the changes of energy which takes place between various models and surroundings. The boundary conditions are also associated with simulating the model in order to get connected with the surroundings. Besides this it is also not possible to simulate without their presence. The key boundary condition which is to be considered for the heat exchanger model mainly includes the heat of the inner surface and the inlet. Besides this the inner surface always maintains a constant temperature of around 273K. Whereas, the temperature of the inlet is around 350K. Due to this difference in the temperature we would be seeing that the changes in the color during the process of simulation. Other boundary condition of the inlet velocity is 1m/s. If this conditions dose not exists then the simulation process would not be capable of showing a clear path towards the outlet by which the warm water would flow.
The computer lab session would be greatly helping the students to develop a visual understanding about the fluids which are subjected to the velocity and the temperature along with the ways how they behave in both of the pipes and also in the heat exchanger by making use of the ANSYS FLUENT. By having all this boundary conditions the fluid is capable of behaving in a turbulent manner instead of behaving in a laminar way when it is subjected to the velocity above zero. By having a surface temperature or inlet temperature which is different is associated with cresting a turbulence in fluids as well as in the molecules which are subjected to increased rate of vibrations.
The heat transfer character of the pipe which has been simulated is generally measured in terms of the quantity of heat flux, which is generally exchanged from the surface and the flowing fluid. The coefficient of the heat is generally dependent on the average rate of the flow of temperature inside the channel, the temperature of the wall and the temperature of the fluid at the initial stage. The figure 2 is associated with showing the path by which the heated fluid travels and the flowing becomes slower because of the build ups in the pressure which is due to the flow of velocity. The velocity vector which has been shown in figure 4 is associated with indicating the areas of the flow of the cold water the warmer areas which are coloured in the figure 2. There also exists a relationship which is associated with showing the increased rate of velocity, along with this the time needed by the water to reach in equilibrium with the inner surface is also less. This has been shown in the figure 7 and 8.
The figure 1 is associated with showing the drop in pressure of the inlet and the all the regions which has been coloured in blue is associated with indicating the fact that the flow of the fluid is happening at a greater velocity and there has also been an increase in the pressure in the outlet which is responsible for creating a frictional factor. This happens due to the smaller dimensions which has been shown in the figure 3.
The heat transfer characteristics of the heat exchanger which has been simulated have been evaluated by making use of the difference in the temperature that exists between the inner surface and the fluid when they reach a state of equilibrium. The water which is flowing in the opposite direction of the inner surface of the heat exchanger would be having a decrease in the temperature and the temperature of the heat exchanger would be increasing. This helps in understanding the fact the water is flowing turbulently inside the heat exchanger and this is happening mainly due to the increase in the pressure of the outlet. This initially results in a velocity which is unstable and it can be seen in the figure 8. This mainly happens due to the decrease of the larger inner areas into smaller diameter outlets.
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