This project aims to explore and understand the contributing factors leading to sexual health issues associated with the adolescents aged 10 to 19 years in the Queensland Australia and be able to analyze the health issue and provide a health promotional project to improve the sexual health literacy and awareness among the target population. The project is intended to be completed within 1 years, within a budget of $15 000.
Sexual health can be defined as “an approach to sexuality founded in accurate knowledge, personal awareness, and self-acceptance, where one’s behavior, values, and emotions are congruent and integrated within a person’s wider personality structure and self-definition”. According to a report by WHO, around 1 million underage women below the age of 15 gives birth across the globe every year and around 3 million underage girls have been reported to be going through unsafe abortion. It has to be mentioned that the sexual health of the adolescents had developed as a significant public health priority globally and the Australian demographics is no exception to that either (1). According to the reports of the Australian government conducted survey of 2014, approximately a quarter of Year 10 students (23%), one third of Year 11 students and a half of Year 12 students had experienced sexual intercourse. And in the target community close to 23.2% of the sexually active adolescent students have been found to be having sex with three or more sexual partners. It is evident that sexual activities are common rates are very high among adolescences and the lack of proper health literacy and sexual health literacy makes the adolescents very vulnerable to sexually transmitted infections or diseases. The most common sexually transmitted diseases include Human Papillomavirus and HIV (3). The Australia has also been ranked 22nd in global teen pregnancy rates and along with that, in the past year close to 6011 cases of STIs have been reported in the age group of under 20 years old. Hence, the lack of sexual health promotional behavior and literacy is undoubtedly alarmingly low among the target population of adolescents of the Queensland and there is need for extensive health issue analysis for the target population (11).
Priority setting is a very important aspect of any health promotional project in order to justify the health issue selected for the project (5). The health issue selected in this health promotional project is the poor sexual health of the adolescents in the Queensland.
The first criterion selected is the frequency. Now it has to be mentioned that for any health issue to be a priority, it is crucial for the health issue to understand the frequency impact of the health issue in the region (6). In the target, the adolescents belonging to year 10 or 12 have been found to be sexually active and most of them had been found to be engaging with multiple partners. According to the reports, the STI rates have risen 32% in the past year, and more than half of the rise in the percentage had been contributed by the age group of 15 to 29 (12). As the adolescents are a significant part of the mentioned age group the rise in frequency of the STI is critically linked with the health issue selected, it is undoubted a pressing health priority.
The second priority is the severity, which discusses the severity of the chosen health and how it serves as the health priority in this situation. According to the government document , for the chosen demographics, close to half of the youngsters engaged in physical intimacy have had more than two sexual partners at a time (12). 37.3% of the year 10 students and 56.7% of the year 12 students have been engaged in oral sex. Along with that, it has to be mentioned that close to 10% have been reported to use no contraception or protection measure (14). Hence, considering the severity of the issue, it can be stated that the lack of sexual health awareness and education has lead to significant risky sexual behavior among the target group. Hence enhancing their sexual health literacy is a significant health priority for the population.
The third criteria is the cost, the burden of the diseases has contributed significantly to the total burden of the health care. Researchers are of the opinion that the Queensland has become the Chlamydia capital of Australia and along with that, the health strategy of the local government has already decided a $18 million for the sexual health strategy to combat the rising health issues in the nation. However it has to be mentioned that without behavioral changes in the target population the sexual health strategy will not be useful.
The fourth criteria selected for the project is demographics, first and foremost, it has to be mentioned that Queensland has become the Chlamydia capital of the company. Considering all different age groups, in the year of 2016, close to 27500 residents of Queensland had been diagnosed with some form of sexually transmitted infection, most of them had been due to Chlamydia along with other disease types (7). According to the authors, it has to be mentioned that the patients have been found to be having up to 10 sexual partners with limited awareness regarding STI and along with that limited inclination towards the safe sex practices (13). The northern Queensland area has been found to be in the midst of a syphilis outbreak as well from the past year. Hence the demographic data suggests poor education, literacy and healthy behavior among population, especially in the youth; prioritizing their sexual health. The last criteria selected for the project is the incidence rate. Considering the data shared by the Queensland government, the incidence rate of Chlamydia has increased by a 10% from 2015 to 2016, contributing 82% of the total STI rates (14). The incidence rates of Gonorrhea have also risen by a 32% in the past couple of years with more that 4000 people in Queensland being diagnosed with Gonorrhea. According to the research, use of protection or contraception is a common issue among the teens in the region adding to the incident rate of the STIs. Hence, there is a significant gap in the sexual health promotion of the target group in Queensland and there is a pressing need for enhancing their sex education and be able to change their perception of safe sexual practices (13).
Evidence for goal, objectives and sub-objectives (150 words per goal, objective and sub-objective)
For goal:
Objective one and two:
Sub-objective one and two:
Health promotion is a very important aspect of this project and it is crucial for any health promotional project to be taking the assistance of a health promotional model. One of the most impactful health promotional models is the OTTAWA charter developed by the WHO. This promotional model has five key areas of action such as building a social policy, re-orienting health services, creating supporting environment, developing individual skills, strengthening community action. This project will attempt to develop an extensive integrated health promotional plan for enhancing the awareness and educational practices of the target population with goals that address each of the action area of the OTTAWA charter (17).
Primary stakeholders:
Can be defined as the list of individuals that are directly associated with the details of the project and are affected by the issue and are going to be living with this issue. The primary stakeholders are usually marked by the risk markers of the health issue analysis.
The primary stakeholders for this project are the school age adolescents living in Queensland (10-19) years.
Secondary stakeholders:
Secondary stakeholders are the people that are indirectly associated with the outcome of the project and will be indirectly impacted by the issue or the problem of the situation. The secondary stake4hol;edres for this project are going to be:
Goal: To increase the frequency of the sex education awareness program for the adolescents in Queensland by at least 30% by 2019 and improve the sexual behavior and practices of the adolescents.
Objectives and Sub-objectives
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Objective 1: |
Screen the level of sex education and knowledge among the adolescent belonging to the age group of 10-19 years in the Queensland area to understand the contributing factors to the poor sex practices and behaviors |
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Sub-objective 1.1: |
Enhance the percentage of community based surveys to understand the attitude of the target groups in the institution based setting |
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Sub-objective 1.2: |
Conduction of screening in home based setting one to one interview to discover the level of awareness regarding STIs and need for better sexual health education for the adolescents among the parents |
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Objective 2: |
Increase the frequency and access of the sexual health awareness campaigns targeted for the 10-19 age groups by 30% |
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Sub-objective 2.1: |
Enhance the government sponsored resource allocation for the promotional campaigning for the adolescents by 30% |
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Sub-objective 2.2: |
Enhance the accessibility and cultural awareness of the promotional campaigning to include the culturally diverse residents |
References
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