With the help of the species distribution model, species are selected and thereafter the model is applied on them to understand their correlation with the environment and the results of the observation are applied on them. In this particular case, the norther bethong is selected to study the impact of climate change on them (Head et al., 2014). The scientific name of northern bettong is Bettongia tropica which is a very small rat-kangaroo species which is endangered, thereby posing a threat to the country as well as the globe. In the opinion of Rodriguez and, Power (2014), these species have a very specific diet where they live on truffles and they mostly found in the Western edge of the Great Dividing Range. With time, it has been found that these bettongs are moving towards high density rainfall areas and their shifting is majorly due to climatic conditions and also due to the clearance of habitat.
The studies that have been conducted by scientists have shown that climate change plays a very important role in the species distribution and animals do not respond well to climate change. The northern bettongs have also suffered majorly due to climate change and by studying the impact of climate change on northern bettongs, it has also been revealed that their movements into different zones have been their survival attempt to save themselves form the erratic weather conditions (Taylor, 2015). Therefore, the Species Distribution Model has also revealed that the species are not responding to the gradual weather change and though the model cannot detect weather events, it is a certain fact that even interim short-term weather changes can affect an animal movement adversely. These animals are densely found in Queensland and the weather conditions of Australia at present are uncertain with frequent droughts and heat waves. Whitehead et al. (2018) opined that studying the pattern of the movements of these animals, it has been observed that they have gradually started to move towards areas where the temperature is likely to suit their habits.
The high ranging temperature also risk the health of these species and a result the general population of these species have started to be affected (Haouchar et al., 2016). The model has tried to track the impact of climate change on the marsupial to establish how weather change is directly related to their movements and how if the species are devoid of their food and habitat, they will be threatened and also become endangered over the course of time. The summer weather with high temperature and perspiration was not a weather conducive for their existence and therefore they started to move to temperature where they felt they could have a longer life.
The studies have pointed towards the ways and methods species are undertaking to move towards more conducive environment and climate change plays a very important role in that effect. The studies have pointed towards the shift in the species towards the poles where the weather is cooler for their sustenance (Woinarski, Burbidge & Harrison, 2015). The focus of the studies conducted by the scientists have aimed to build string core range where the species will not have to compete with each other and also not face the climate problems. Therefore, it shall be the main focus to make sure that there is proper monitoring and assessment of the weather conditions and how the species are behaving in those situations (Wayne et al., 2016). The species mostly inhabit the core areas and population plays a major role in deteriorating the climate conditions and therefore the population control needs to be checked to assure that the general population in those areas are made aware of the changes in climate due to their lifestyle (Santos et al., 2015).
The studies have also pointed out that there needs to be suitable weather conditions and if the climate conditions can be assured, the species will remain in their place of inhabitation and there shall be no movement or displacement of these species. Drought is a climate condition that is not suitable for the survival of these species and therefore it is imperative for the community to mitigate the issue and devise plans that will preserve the climate and also help these species survive in the climate of their endurance (Swim & Bloodhart, 2015). The northern bettong plays a very important role in the animal cycle and they help in preserving the health of the forest community. Haddeland et al. (2014) opined that their habitat is dependent on truffles which is a kind of a fungi and it grows on trees, in their roots. The food chain in maintained by the consumption of these truffles as these are only consumed by bettongs and therefore, the dispersal of spores of these fungi are dependent on the bettongs (Whitehead et al., 2018). In this case, the bettongs are the disperser of the spores and if the spores disappear, the truffles will also disappear in the future. The entire chain shall be lost as if the truffles disappear, the next in line tress that are dependent on these truffles will be lost (Batson et al., 2016). Keeping into account the preservation of the ecosystem and also the food chain, it is essential that the species are saved from becoming endangered. If one of the elements of the ecosystem are removed, the food chain will collapse and the entire ecosystem will be lost (Pacifi et al., 2015).
Climate plays a very important role in the survival of the northern bettong and one of the major causes for their change in habitat can be attributed to human development and degradation (Hing et al., 2017). To help these species survive, it is imperative for the humans to take charge of their environment to ensure that they do not get endangered and also survive in the climate of Australia (Thompson et al., 2015). The safest steps that the human community can take to help these species is to spread awareness regarding the threatened existence of these species and also take conscious steps in saving the environment.
References
Batson, W., Fletcher, D., Portas, T., Crisp, H., Ryan, S., Wimpenny, C., … & Manning, A. (2016). Re-introduction of eastern bettong to a critically endangered woodland habitat in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. Global Re-introduction Perspectives: 2016. Case-studies from around the globe, 172.
Haddeland, I., Heinke, J., Biemans, H., Eisner, S., Flörke, M., Hanasaki, N., … & Stacke, T. (2014). Global water resources affected by human interventions and climate change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(9), 3251-3256.
Haouchar, D., Pacioni, C., Haile, J., McDowell, M. C., Baynes, A., Phillips, M. J., … & Bunce, M. (2016). Ancient DNA reveals complexity in the evolutionary history and taxonomy of the endangered Australian brush-tailed bettongs (Bettongia: Marsupialia: Macropodidae: Potoroinae). Biodiversity and Conservation, 25(14), 2907-2927.
Head, L., Adams, M., McGregor, H. V., & Toole, S. (2014). Climate change and Australia. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 5(2), 175-197.
Hing, S., Jones, K. L., Rafferty, C., Thompson, R. A., Narayan, E. J., & Godfrey, S. S. (2017). Wildlife in the line of fire: evaluating the stress physiology of a critically endangered Australian marsupial after bushfire. Australian Journal of Zoology, 64(6), 385-389.
Pacifici, M., Foden, W. B., Visconti, P., Watson, J. E., Butchart, S. H., Kovacs, K. M., … & Corlett, R. T. (2015). Assessing species vulnerability to climate change. Nature Climate Change, 5(3), 215.
Rodriguez, D., Cox, H., & Power, B. (2014). A participatory whole farm modelling approach to understand impacts and increase preparedness to climate change in Australia. Agricultural Systems, 126, 50-61.
Santos, R. M. B., Fernandes, L. S., Varandas, S. G. P., Pereira, M. G., Sousa, R., Teixeira, A., … & Pacheco, F. A. L. (2015). Impacts of climate change and land-use scenarios on Margaritifera margaritifera, an environmental indicator and endangered species. Science of the Total Environment, 511, 477-488.
Swim, J. K., & Bloodhart, B. (2015). Portraying the perils to polar bears: The role of empathic and objective perspective-taking toward animals in climate change communication. Environmental Communication, 9(4), 446-468.
Taylor, M. (2015). Global warming and climate change: what Australia knew and buried… then framed a new reality for the public. ANU Press.
Thompson, C. K., Wayne, A. F., Godfrey, S. S., & Thompson, R. A. (2015). Survival, age estimation and sexual maturity of pouch young of the brush-tailed bettong (Bettongia penicillata) in captivity. Australian mammalogy, 37(1), 29-38.
Vitousek, P. M., Loope, L. L., & Westbrooks, R. (2017). Biological invasions as global environmental change.
Wayne, A. F., Maxwell, M. A., Ward, C. G., Vellios, C. V., Williams, M. R., & Pollock, K. H. (2016). The responses of a critically endangered mycophagous marsupial (Bettongia penicillata) to timber harvesting in a native eucalypt forest. Forest Ecology and Management, 363, 190-199.
Whitehead, T., Vernes, K., Goosem, M., & Abell, S. E. (2018). Invasive predators represent the greatest extinction threat to the endangered northern bettong (Bettongia tropica). Wildlife Research.
Woinarski, J. C., Burbidge, A. A., & Harrison, P. L. (2015). Ongoing unraveling of a continental fauna: decline and extinction of Australian mammals since European settlement. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 201417301
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