Railway networks vary widely between different countries in terms of construction design, infrastructure, standards and others. For the purpose of the study, the railway networks in three different countries namely Singapore, UAE and Egypt have been discussed and analyzed.
The main public transportation in Singapore is roadways. Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) is the largest rail network system of the country. There is also LRT (Light Rail Transit) that is currently under operation in Singapore.
Figure 1: Railway Network Map of Singapore (LRT and MRT)
(Source: Henderson 2014)
The future plans include the development of the Thomson-East Coast Line that will also continue into Malaysia, extension of the Thomson-East Coast Line to Changi Airport, Jurong Region Line, Cross Island Line and West Coast Line among others.
The total length of the passenger corridor network of Singapore is 199.6 km. There is no existing freight corridor present in the Singapore system and the entire network is used for public transport.
The total length of MRT in Singapore is 199.6 km.
The total length of LRT in Singapore is 28.8 km.
The maximum annual traffic is noticed in East West Line and it carriers around 172.4 million gross tons annually.
The material types and specifications for the track design are as follows.
Rail and Rail Joint – Singapore uses conventional steel rails that are used worldwide. The type of rail joint used is suspended joint system.
Sleeper – Two sleepers are used to suspend the ends of the rails and some parts of the rail are cantilevered.
Ballast – In MRT track ballast of crushed stones are used whereas the LRT system consists of ballast-less tracks.
The main governed factor in Singapore rail is the daily passenger count transported through each line of the entire network.
Friction Angle for Ballast:
where q/p¢ is the stress ratio, (1-dev/de1) is the dilatancy, and ff is the basic friction angle, which excludes the effects of both dilatancy and particle breakage.
Maximum bearing capacity of the ballast qmax:
where g is the bulk unit weight of ballast, B is the length of the sleeper, L is the width of the sleeper, f is the angle of effective shearing resistance of the ballast, and Nq, Ng and Sg are the bearing capacity factors.
The track used in Singapore is Standard Gauge i.e. 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in).
In the Singapore rail track design, Codes of Practice issued by the Standards, Productivity and Innovation Board (SPRING Singapore are generally followed. If these codes are not applicable, standards issued by British Standards Institution (BSI) are used.
The railway network system is entirely on a coastal area and hence, the designs are made so that the rail track can withstand the weight of the trains even on the coastal ground that is much softer than mainland soil.
The largest railway project currently under construction is Thomson-East Coast Line and existing plans include the Jurong Region Line, Cross Island Line and West Coast Line among others.
Figure 2: Organization Chart of Singapore MRT
(Source: Raj et al. 2017)
The most popular public transport in UAE is taxi. Buses are also quite popular in the country.
Figure 3: Proposed Rail Network Map in UAE
(Source: Taha and Allan 2017)
The railway network in UAE is currently under construction and will cover the major cities of UAE as well as other Gulf countries.
The total length of the network will be 1200 km.
Since the network is under construction, the exact lengths are not yet specified.
The network is currently under construction.
The network is built for high speed trains and hence, the components of the track will be such designed to suit the high speed requirements.
The track is still under construction and the critical parameters have not yet been published.
STN 73 6360 standard will be followed for the high speed railway line.
The railway network is to be built in desert and coastal landscape and hence, suitable design actions must be taken accordingly.
The existing plan in to complete the railway network construction in 3 phases.
Figure 4: Organization Chart of UAE (Etihad Railways)
(Source: Najar and Al Rahbi 2017)
The most popular public transport in Egypt is railways.
Figure 5: Rail Network Map in Egypt
(Source: Badr-El-Din and Fathy 2015)
The total length of the network is 5083 km and there are no separate corridors for passenger and freight.
There are no separate networks for city and urban areas.
The maximum annual traffic is between Cairo and Aswan and the annual traffic is 172.4 million gross tons.
The track components of the country are similar to that used in Singapore MRT.
The governed factors and critical parameters of track design have been developed based on estimated traffic and the landscape terrain in each part of the rail network.
Italian standards of track design are followed in Egypt.
The railway network in Egypt is entirely on the desert landscape.
There are no existing railway projects or existing plans in Egyptian railway.
There is no specified organization chart for Egyptian Railways.
Conclusion
In this report, the rail networks of Egypt, UAE and Singapore have been analyzed and discussed. Singapore has mainly high speed rail as well as light rail transit whereas Egypt has regular railways system. UAE railway system is still under construction.
References
Ali, M.A.M. and El Sayed, M.A., 2015. Evaluation of the Environmental, Social Effects for the Egyptian National Railways Restructuring. Journal of Transportation Technologies, 5(01), p.24.
Badr-El-Din, A.H. and Fathy, R.A., 2015. Egypt National Railways: ICT Can Save Egyptian Lives. IBIMA Business Review, 2015, pp.1-16.
Eltayeb, N., 2018. Evaluating the Service Quality of Egypt National Railways from Tourists Perspective. International Journal of Heritage, Tourism, and Hospitality, 11(2/2).
Henderson, J., 2014. 13 Railways as Heritage Attractions: The Malaysia–Singapore Line. Railway Heritage and Tourism: Global Perspectives, 37, p.190.
Najar, M.E.M. and Al Rahbi, A.K., 2017. Investigation Future Planning Of Railway Networks In The Arabs Gulf Countries. International Journal of Transport Development and Integration, 1(4), pp.654-665.
Raj, N., Sharma, R., Majumdar, S., Singh, R. and Gehlot, A., 2017. An Optimized Approach: Air Energy Trap System in Railways for Power Generation. In Proceeding of International Conference on Intelligent Communication, Control and Devices (pp. 959-964). Springer, Singapore.
Sone, S., 2018. Comparison of the technologies of the Japanese Shinkansen and Chinese High-speed Railways. In China’s High-Speed Rail Technology (pp. 67-87). Springer, Singapore.
Taha, B. and Allan, A., 2017. Case study: Identification of optimal railway line extension to link Dubai EXPO 2020 site with Dubai Metro Red Line-a sustainable example.
Zamberi Ahmad, S. and Ahmad, N., 2016. Etihad Rail: a new way to change a business landmark in the United Arab Emirates. Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies, 6(3), pp.1-16.
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