The main purpose of this paper is to review various literatures in order to elaborate the reason as well as causes behind “project success as well as failure”. It is very much important to have appropriate knowledge as well as information about the causes of project success as well as failure in order to avoid the reasons that led to failure of projects in different organizations. The paper highlights the causes of project failure as well as success with the help of example by reviewing “Millennium Dome project” and “eCourier as well as LogicaCMG project”. The literatures mainly utilize secondary data collection method for gathering information about the projects.
The paper highlights the reasons that led to success of complex IT project like eCourier as well as LogicaCMG. The assignment also elaborates the causes the led to failure of Millennium dome project which is generally constructed in Greenwich peninsula in south east London. It is identified that proper recommendations is also provided for mitigating the challenges that are faced by millennium dome project.
The paper generally helps in highlighting as well as exploring the reasons that helps in making various types of complex IT project successful. It is highlighted from the paper that there are number of best practices that are generally utilized in order to deal with various complex project (Case Study of Successful Complex IT Projects, 2017). The paper mainly studies two projects, which include “LogicaCMG as well as “eCourier” by utilizing both the primary as well as secondary data. It is analyzed from both the projects, that there are certain factors that help in making the complex IT projects successful. The factors include:
Open communication: It is stated by Mir and Pinnington (2014) that in order to make both the IT project successful, the project managers generally utilizes method of open communication with the team members. While working under appropriate timetable, they use to inform everything to the IT stakeholders of the project so that they can be able to manage any problem that is associated with the project. It is analyzed that communication is one of the best way that helps in preventing various types of problems.
Planning: It is analyzed that Rumpe and Schroder (2014), comprehensive planning helps in setting up a project that mainly gains success. All the stakeholders of both the project generally present on the board during appropriate planning process in order to make both the “LogicaCMG as well as “eCourier” project successful. Proper planning by the project managers generally helps the team in meeting various deadlines and in keeping the project organized. It is identified that appropriate planning also helps in keeping the project IT team focused as well as on track but they also provides information to the stakeholders that make them aware about the progress of the project.
Proper risk management: Project managers must manage the various risks as well as challenges that are related with the project appropriately. According to Abdul et al. (2013), during the project-planning phase, the project managers mainly produces risk log with appropriate action plan so that the project can face the challenges. It is quite important to make the stakeholders aware of the various risks log so that if something happens then they can be able to manage the risks with the help of appropriate management plan. This helps in providing confidence to the team members about various project risks so that the various clients can feel quite comfortable with the progression of the project.
It is identified that the author elaborates critical success factors, causes of project success, complexity faced for providing an overview that led to the success of LogicaCMG as well as eCourier project. It is identified that both the projects faces number of complexities that is due to political factors, economic factors, technical factors as well as environmental factors. According to Heagney (2016), technical issues gave rise to several uncertainties within the IT projects, especially in those projects that mainly utilizes various types of innovative technology and practices that are related with technology. It is found by LogicaCMG that there are some cost related overruns due to unpredictable rise in the cost associated with technology. On the other hand, eCourier in the post-implementation stage of the project faces number of complexities as well as challenges. The findings of the study help in examining the change management, stakeholder management, risk management as well as communication with the two practical project eCourier as well as LogicaCMG (Case Study of Successful Complex IT Projects 2017). The paper also elaborates appropriate recommendations for the IT project managers so that they can manage the project in order to achieve appropriate results. It is identified that the interpretations that are provided in this project led to new points of view or hypothesis.
The paper mainly highlights as well as explores on the “Millennium dome” project which is generally built in the Greenwich peninsula in south east London. It was mainly designed for various celebration purposes at the time of third millennium (Abbasi et al. 2014). The millennium dome closes on 31st December 2000 as it generally fails in attracting large number of visitors who were expected to visit the place and which causes number of challenges. The author discusses the causes that led to the failure of millennium dome project and the reasons are illustrated below:
Poor Preparation: It is stated by Heagney (2016) that it is very much important to provide a clear picture of the project in advance. This not only helps in providing an overview about the project success but also helps in focusing on the earliest stages of the process. The project managers of millennium project were unable to plan the project appropriately as a result, the stakeholders of the project faces number of challenges that are related with cost, time, quality as well as budget which led to obstruction in the progress of the project and finally the project closed.
Inadequate tracking as well as documentation: It is the responsibility of the project manager of millennium project to track the project budget appropriately with adequate documentation but the milestones of the millennium project are not tracked properly and therefore it creates difficulty for the project managers to meet the various expectations of the project properly (Rumpe and Schroder 2014). Proper recoding as well as monitoring is not done properly by the project managers and as a result it creates problem in identifying various types of resources that are mainly required for completing the entire project within the specified budget as well as time
Inappropriate definition of parameters: The project managers are not able to work properly for the project with the help of the team members and as a result, different types of goals as well as tasks are not met appropriately within the standards, as there are ramifications. Therefore, it is very much important to rank various tasks appropriately as per their priorities and then assigned them to various proficient individuals.
Inexperienced project managers: According to Leach (2014), a project manager has lot of responsibilities that plays an important role in achieving success. They generally do not assign various roles as well as responsibilities to various stakeholders of the project properly in order to complete various activities of the project on time and as a result, the millennium project fails.
The paper highlights the complexities or challenges due to which the millennium project closes. It is identified that the causes that are elaborated with the help of the literature is considered as the strength of the literature as it not only helps in elaborating the causes but also helps in providing appropriate steps for mitigating the challenges (Abbasi et al. 2014). It is identified that the recommendations that are provided by the project not only helps in mitigating the challenges in millennium project but the steps can be followed in any project in minimizing the challenges or complexities. The paper generally uses secondary data collection method in order to elaborate the causes as well as reasons of project failure. It is identified that that the interpretations that are provided in this project led to new points of view or hypothesis. The steps that can be followed in order to minimize or avoid project failure include:
Proper management: According to Kaur and Sengupta (2013), the project managers of the project must be able to manage the resources, cost as well as time of the project appropriately for minimizing the issues that related with the project. If they are capable of managing, then number of risks or problems associated with project rises. Therefore, in order to avoid project failures, it is very much necessary to make the project properly.
Recruiting experienced workers: The workers that are recruited must be experienced so that they are cable off resolving any issues that are related with the project. If the project managers are not able to recruit appropriate members then the chances of project failure increases. (Flyvbjer 2014). In order to resolve the challenges, it is very much significant to recruit appropriate employees.
Conclusion
It can be concluded that millennium dome project faces number of challenges which must be mitigated appropriately in order to avoid project failure. It is identified that the paper highlights the causes of complex IT project success like LogicaCMG as well as eCourier which helps in elaborating that appropriate communication, planning, management are the most important factor in achieving success. The assignment also provides number of recommendations in order to resolve the challenges that are associated with project in order to achieve appropriate project success.
References
Abbasi, N., Wajid, I., Iqbal, Z. and Zafar, F., 2014. Project Failure Case Studies and Suggestion. International Journal of Computer Applications,86(6).
Abdul Rahman, I., Memon, A.H., Karim, A. and Tarmizi, A., 2013. Significant factors causing cost overruns in large construction projects in Malaysia. Journal of Applied Science, 13(2), pp.286-293.
Case Study of Successful Complex IT Projects. (2017). Retrieved 16 June 2006, from https://www.bcs.org/upload/pdf/casestudy2.pdf
Christensen, C.M., 2013. The innovator’s dilemma: when new technologies cause great firms to fail. Harvard Business Review Press.
Flyvbjerg, B., 2014. What you should know about megaprojects and why: An overview. Project Management Journal, 45(2), pp.6-19.
Heagney, J., 2016. Fundamentals of project management. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn.
Kaur, R. and Sengupta, J., 2013. Software process models and analysis on failure of software development projects. arXiv preprint arXiv:1306.1068.
Leach, L.P., 2014. Critical chain project management. Artech House.
Mackenbach, J.P., Karanikolos, M. and McKee, M., 2013. The unequal health of Europeans: successes and failures of policies. The Lancet, 381(9872), pp.1125-1134.
Marcelino-Sádaba, S., Pérez-Ezcurdia, A., Lazcano, A.M.E. and Villanueva, P., 2014. Project risk management methodology for small firms. International Journal of Project Management, 32(2), pp.327-340.
Mir, F.A. and Pinnington, A.H., 2014. Exploring the value of project management: linking project management performance and project success. International Journal of Project Management, 32(2), pp.202-217.
Open Science Collaboration, 2015. Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science. Science, 349(6251), p.aac4716.
Rumpe, B. and Schröder, A., 2014. Quantitative survey on extreme programming projects. arXiv preprint arXiv:1409.6599.
Rumpe, B. and Schröder, A., 2014. Quantitative survey on extreme programming projects. arXiv preprint arXiv:1409.6599.
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