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The most common vector related disease that is affecting the community in the recent time is Dengue. Globally the disease has become a common cause of infection that is affecting more than 390 million of people annually. Small portions among them progress to severe dengue. Most of the part in USA is also affected by the same disease because of its large spread. The community is suffering from this disease because of less control on mosquito. There are several other diseases that spread through mosquito like Malaria, Chikungunya and West Nile Virus (Cdc.gov, 2016). The objective of this report is to discuss about the most common vector related disease that is affecting the community. The report also emphasizes on the health concerns of the community and tries to provide ways to identify intervention or prevention methods. Environmental risk assessment has been done to set the budget of the whole program. At the end of the report SWOT analysis has been done to evaluate different aspect of the program and find out ways to rectify any mistakes.
Mosquito related disease are becoming very common in United States among them Dengue is the most common that is affecting the community. Local as well as the global environmental problems are problems are the main cause of Dengue disease. Since the disease is transmitted through the vectors like mosquito therefore controlling the disease is becoming one of the biggest challenges. The most common health problem that happens due to dengue is the fever. Dengue fever is severing and feels flu like illness (Krisberg, 2016). It is very common among the children as well as in adults that seldom cause deaths. When Dengue becomes sever than it increases the risk of life and sometime causes death. The most common fact of the sever Dengue is that it drastically reduces the White Blood Cell count in the blood (Yasri & Wiwanitkit, 2015). Sever Dengue is potentially dangerous for life because it causes plasma leaking, severe bleeding, fluid accumulation and respiratory disease. The general symptoms of the disease are high fever near about 104° Fahrenheit along with severe headache, pain behind eye, muscle and joint pains, nausea, vomiting, swollen glands or rash. After the incubation of 4 to 10 days of the mosquito bite all these symptoms will occur and will last for 2 to 7 days. The symptoms of the sever Dengue are severe abdominal pain, restlessness persistent vomiting, bleeding gums, rapid breathing, fatigue and blood in vomit (Joob & Wiwanitkit, 2015).
Public health is affected by the several aspects of the environmental degradation and increasing the threat of different kind of diseases. Aedes Aegypti is the mosquito that spread Dengue through its bite I the morning time. Due to different environmental problems population of these mosquitoes are increasing globally. Water pollution is the main reason that is increasing the spread of Dengue disease. Therefore assessing the environmental risk it is very important that we emphasize on the water body of the local area. Thorough investigation is required to find out the areas from where the water bodies are getting polluted (Who.int, 2016). Government has to ensure that water pollution is limited so that mosquitoes get little chance to increase their population. Due to global environmental change most of the species of mosquito are adopting new ways of breeding and they are developing resistance against drug. Therefore it is becoming difficult to control the population. Every citizen has to take the initiative to keep the city clean to restrict mosquito breeding (Thisyakorn & Pengsaa, 2012). Developing awareness is the only method that will help the fight against the risk of this disease.
The options for controlling Dengue are very limited because it is very difficult to control the population of mosquito. Government should take the initiative to increase the awareness of this program so that most of the citizen can feel the urgency. Once the citizens are aware of the disease cause then it becomes easier for the authority to conduct the prevention program. The steps to control the disease are to control Aedes aegypti (Sharma, Gupta, Jain & Chakravarti, 2015). Therefore eradication is the choice that will help to minimize the population of mosquito. Apart from that use of ultra low volume of insecticide, air travel regulation and regular surveillance of the routine mosquito control effects. Eradication is the most sustainable effort because it helps to abolish the population of the mosquito from the local area. Once the population is eradicated then the measures should be taken so that they do not spread in the near future. The best step to prevent further regeneration of the mosquito population is the application of low volume insecticide. The insecticides are given particularly in the water bodies. The function of the insecticide is to prevent the breeding of the population therefore next generation of mosquito will not be able to spread the disease (Pozzetto, 2015). The next step is to do a proper surveillance to the passengers who are coming from the Dengue affected are because they might bring the virus and it could spread through the mosquitoes. All these efforts do not guarantee the prevention of Dengue in full extent rather they can decrease the risk of getting affected by the mosquito. To prevent the disease it is very necessary to put lot of efforts to innovate the vaccine of this disease. If proper vaccination is done to the human then it will restrict the Dengue virus to attack (Wonder.cdc.gov, 2016).
Budget of this program could be higher because large number of human resource is required to involve to increasing the awareness. Budget also required for the several purpose of eradication, implementation of insecticide and surveillance of air passenger (Thisyakorn & Pengsaa, 2012). Moreover the cost of Dengue control will also include the cost of human resource, logistics for different purpose and some time when the condition of the patients will become sever the cost of hospitalization will also become the part of the program.
|
Particulars |
Expected Cost in Dollar |
|
Aedes aegypti eradication |
85000 |
|
Ultra-low volume (ULV) insecticide application |
14500 |
|
Surveillance of air passenger |
25000 |
|
Monitoring in the household |
5000 |
|
Vaccination |
146000 |
|
Hospitalization |
55000 |
|
Cost of human resource |
45000 |
|
Cost of transportation and logistic |
60000 |
|
Total |
435500 |
Table 1: Budget of the Dengue prevention program
|
SWOT Analysis of proposed program |
|
|
Strength |
· Eradication of Aedes aegypti population will help to reduce the intensity · Monitoring of the household to ensure awareness throughout the population · Government support and fund will ensure proper implementation |
|
Weakness |
· Amount of workers may not be sufficient as a very deep inspection of dumped areas are to be conducted · Difficult to monitor guests or immigrants who are already affected · It is quite tough to ensure total eradication Aedes aegypti · There is no proper treatment for Dengue (Villela & Almeida, 2012) |
|
Opportunity |
· Awareness will increase among the population · Precautions can be increased to decrease future disease · Awareness will ensure that most of the people is educated about the disease · Environmental degradation will be less |
|
Threat |
· Life threat is more for those who are severely affected · No vaccination is available for the prevention · Symptoms are very common therefore suspecting the disease is tough (Zareen & Mursalin, 2015) |
Table 2: SWOT Analysis of proposed program
From the above report it can be concluded that Dengue is becoming very common in the United States and many people are affected by the disease. Government has to take proper initiative to increase the awareness so that it can be prevented in the early stage. The cost of the program is also high that will ensure that the mosquito are unable to spread the disease. The prevention program has also emphasized on the invention of the vaccine so that precautions can be taken at the very early stage.
Cdc.gov,. (2016). CDC – Home – Division of Vector-Borne Diseases – NCEZID. Retrieved 16 January 2016, from https://www.cdc.gov/ncezid/dvbd/
Joob, B., & Wiwanitkit, V. (2015). Dengue and H1N1 infection. Annals Of Tropical Medicine And Public Health, 8(6), 316. https://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1755-6783.162631
Krisberg, K. (2016). Vector-borne diseases growing as threats to U.S. public health: Climate change, travel linked to illness. The Nation’s Health, 40(7), 1-21. Retrieved from https://thenationshealth.aphapublications.org/content/40/7/1.2.full
Pozzetto, B. (2015). Is transfusion-transmitted dengue fever a potential public health threat?. WJV, 4(2), 113. https://dx.doi.org/10.5501/wjv.v4.i2.113
Sharma, S., Gupta, V., Jain, A., & Chakravarti, A. (2015). Are anemia and blood group types related to Japanese encephalitis and dengue?. International Journal Of Medicine And Public Health, 5(4), 328. https://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2230-8598.165093
Thisyakorn, U., & Pengsaa, K. (2012). Proceedings of the Dengue Symposium at the 9th International Congress of Tropical Pediatrics. Paediatrics And International Child Health, 32(s1), 3-4. https://dx.doi.org/10.1179/2046904712z.00000000044
Villela, E., & Almeida, M. (2012). Mediations on Public Health information: a study about dengue.RECIIS, 6(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.3395/reciis.v6i1.465en
Who.int,. (2016). WHO | Better environmental management for control of dengue. Retrieved 16 January 2016, from https://www.who.int/heli/risks/vectors/denguecontrol/en/
Wonder.cdc.gov,. (2016). A Program for Prevention and Control of Epidemic Dengue. Retrieved 16 January 2016, from https://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/p0000010/p0000010.asp
Yasri, S., & Wiwanitkit, V. (2015). Ischemic stroke and dengue vasculitis. Annals Of Tropical Medicine And Public Health, 8(3), 73. https://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1755-6783.157638
Zareen, S., & Mursalin, S. (2015). Managing Dengue Fever by Using the One Health Approach and Electronic Surveillance. Online Journal Of Public Health Informatics, 7(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v7i1.5965
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