Ethical Issues With Gender Inequality: Reasons For Elimination And Importance Of Gender Equality

Reasons for Elimination of Gender Inequality

1. Explain why gender inequality is ethically problematic and why gender equality is ethically desirable.

2. Describe and explain which aspect of gender inequality compared to the others is the most ethically or politically problematic.

1. The problem of gender inequality still very much in existence on international level despite global awareness and corrective measure being taken by so many countries towards this problem. There is very less percentage of countries in the world that have been able to take some concrete actions in this direction and eliminate this issue completely. Different measures based on this issue provide access to problems like basic level of education, better life as well as health expectancy, some amount of equality of providing economic level opportunities and empowerment (Waldfogel, 2013). In comparison, there has been progressing evidently, but many serious issues related to gender discrimination still exist in the present time. This is why it is becoming important to make it an international issue and also take some fundamental steps in the development of human as well as economic level progress. The concept of gender equality is important because it inequality leads to the restricted growth of individuals which is connected to the development of countries and the overall evolution of the communities to many disadvantaged men as well as women. It is a matter of urgency as it impacts the rights of an individual and growth level priorities. It is also important to understand that gender-based issues are not very similar to women’s issues and it becomes even more crucial to be clear about the meaning of gender and equality which will lead to an understanding of various options, limitation and the influences of the transformation as they affect men and women equally. Also, it is a fact that the problem of increased population will never be-be resolved completely if problems at the individual level will be meet in appropriate manner (Blau, 2016). So when any women get empowered to take necessary decisions about her existence and the major consequences with so many eighty millions of unwanted pregnancies and increasing number of maternal deaths that can be avoided every year. The amount provides by many countries for some services based on reproduction in many developing countries is not enough, and it is becoming crucial to invest more and more in population-based growth.

The problem is very important because of many reasons like the issues is widely disrupting the social as well as corporate based culture and also impacts many interpersonal associations, it further discourages women and also encourages many unethical activities among both genders. The main motive is to consider the issue from the viewpoint of utilitarianism and also give some importance to strengths and weaknesses of application act utilitarianism towards the issue (Blau, 2016). The perspective of the act is based on gender-based inequality is working in an immoral manner since it further leads to decrease in total amount utility in the world. This is why; the problem of gender inequality should be dealt in a sensitive manner and must be eliminated.

Importance of Gender Equality

2. Following are some of the types of inequality among women existing all over the world: –

1. Mortality based inequality: in some part of the world, the existence of inequality between men and women directly consist of different matters of life as well as death. It also takes some serious form of high mortality rates of females and dominance of men in the society as opposed to the prevalence of women found with low or sometimes absolutely no bias against women in healthcare as well as nutrition sector (Branisa et al., 2014).
2. Natality based inequality: of this type, more preference is given to boys so much so that in prevalent male societies, gender inequality means parents are wanting a boy rather than a girl. This use to be a simple wish of many people but with advanced technology and growth in science leads to issues like fetus or abortions by sex has become a common trend in a number of countries.  Countries like China and South Korea or Singapore, India are among some of the countries (Jayachandran, 2015).
3. Facility based inequality: there are a number of ways in which fewer facilities are provided to women when in countries like Afghanistan doesn’t want to educate the girls and keep them away from the schools. However, there are many other countries as well in continents like Asia, Latin America and Africa where girls are not provided equal opportunity for schooling than boys (Perrons et al., 2016).
4. Special opportunity: in countries where it is not much different in basic standards which happen to include facilities like schooling, other services like higher education is far for many women. If observed closely there is clear biases in professional training and higher educations in some of the developed countries like Europe or North America.
5. Ownership inequality: in a number of communities the ownership of property is also an issue and is very much unequal. In fact, the basic assets like homes and land are distributed asymmetrically. This kind of inequality exists in many parts of the world (Perrons et al., 2016).
6. Professional inequality: employment and promotion in work and many other similar issues, women face inequality. In a developed country like Japan, this is much more elevated in so many matters like education, infrastructure but in matters like employment takes a back seat (Williams, 2013).

Development and social awareness can be seen in many parts of the world, and there are so many evidence of the existence of gender disparity in many fields, and at least one aspect of it can be found in many countries which are natality based inequality. In countries like India where female to male ratio has improved considerably as a whole, there is a major decline in the female-male ratio for children. The female-male ratio under the age of six is falling significantly. In various states of India which are considered to be a wealthy state, the ration is decreasing sharply (Lutter, 2015).

As per all the evidence that are in existence, it is evident the change showing not only the rise in female child mortality rate but there is a fall in female birth as well as make births, and it is also certainly associated with increasing presence and usage of gender determination practices as well. There is a fear of abortions by sex that is banned in some part of the world because of the same reason. However, the law has been neglected, and there are so many unethical practices, and there is no proper prosecution because of lack of support or proofs against the culprit. There are so many evidence where it ‘s hard to take a traditional route that changes the gender-based inequality with the help of using many public policies that impact female education. With this, the economic participation of female may not serve as the main path in order to remove natality inequality (Shrivastava et al., 2016).

It’s a fact that in many parts of East Asia has very high level of female education and participation at economic level but they are a major disparity in biological ratio across the world of less number of girls being born per hundred boys. The issue occurs in places like Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea, and China and of course India (Harrison et al., 2016).

To have a proper recognition of many farfetched impacts on some disparities, which exist between women as well as men, it is important to identify the underlying fact that issue is not one case but many cases with changing reach on the livelihood of women and men or for that matter lives of girls and boys. Also, there is also the requirement of reexamination and also scrutinizing it carefully for some vital lessons that tend to draw from some empirical work in the past. There is no other valid reason to completely abandon the clarity that influences empowerment of women in raising the voice and impact of women does assist in reducing the issue of many kinds and can also decrease the indirect penalties which lead to suffering among both genders (Lazarev et al., 2015). But there is also a growing element of natality based inequality that raises many questions that are more complex by nature. There are regions where women only prefer boys over girls and remedy to solve the issue calls for broader demand on agency associated with such issues, in addition to examination other possible impacts. While dealing with newer high tech generation which is always facing the matter in the form of natality inequality there is a requirement to way beyond the women based agency, however, to look at the matter with more assessment in a critical manner. The right of the human being has been transformed, and, specific mobility has been bought in the range of different kind inequalities that also includes many neoliberal based issues in globalization matters, and the influence of new types of culture and religion based fundamentalism is also crucial. Some women rights activist is struggling to bring some equality and address the issue across different culture without getting much misguided about the same (Lazarev et al., 2015).

Reference

Blau, F.D., (2016). Gender, inequality, and wages. OUP Catalogue.

Branisa, B., Klasen, S., Ziegler, M., Drechsler, D. and Jütting, J., (2014). The institutional basis of gender inequality: The Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI). Feminist economics, 20(2), pp.29-64.

Harrison, A., Smit, J., Exner, T., Hoffman, S. and Mantell, J., (2016). The Mpondombili Project: gender inequalities and young people sexual health in rural South Africa. Sexual Health Exchange, (3-4), p.4.

Jayachandran, S., (2015). The roots of gender inequality in developing countries. economics, 7(1), pp.63-88.

Lazarev, N.P., Neustroeva, N.Y.V. and Nikolaeva, N.A.E., (2015). Optimal control of tilt angles in equilibrium problems for the Timoshenko plate with a oblique crack. Sibirskie Èlektronnye Matematicheskie Izvestiya [Siberian Electronic Mathematical Reports], 12, pp.300-308.

Lutter, M., (2015). Do women suffer from network closure? The moderating effect of social capital on gender inequality in a project-based labor market, 1929 to 2010. American Sociological Review, 80(2), pp.329-358.

Perrons, D., Lacey, N., Phillips, A., Wearing, S., Ashtiany, S., Biressi, A., Carter, C., Chakrabarti, S., Chinkin, C., Couldry, N. and Criado-Perez, C., (2016). Confronting gender inequality: findings from the LSE commission on gender, inequality and power.

Shrivastava, D., Patil, V.S., Shrivastava, S. and Papalkar, J., (2016). Determinants of negative preference for female fetuses amongst women of reproductive age group at rural medical college. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2(1), pp.67-73.

Waldfogel, J., (2013)., Feminist Economics: Then and Now-Gender Inequality and Wages. LERA Resources Demonstration.

Williams, C.L., (2013). The glass escalator, revisited gender inequality in neoliberal times. Gender & Society, p.0891243213490232.