Mental Health Nursing Practice

Duty Care with Example

Discuss about the Mental Health Nursing Practice.
 

The duty of care is the legal obligation in taking a responsible care to avoid causing harm. Nurses and other healthcare professionals posses duties to provide care to their patients. If they have short of expected standard cares, they are included with negligence. The term is sometimes referred with legal and the professional duties of the medical professionals. 

A nurse might fail to advice the doctor with variation about the different symptoms of the patients, or about the particular drug that had been administered to the patient. This failure to advice and failure to act accordingly includes in the negligence. There are independent nurse practitioners who act and do their job independently of the hospitals, where they have their own medical insurances.

The principles of the recovery of the mentally oriented practices are related to all ten national standards. The principles for the recovery-oriented mental health make a service which is delivered in the supportive ways like:

• Uniqueness of the Individual: This includes the recovery-oriented part of the mental health practices. Reorganization of the recovery which is necessary and not necessary about the cure of having the opportunities for the choices of living. As the recovery results and outcomes are personal for each and move beyond the exclusive health focus to involve the social aspect and quality of life.
• Real choice: It supports the individual to acquire their strengths, and responsibilities. It is to ensure a balance between the duty of care and support for the individuals for taking positive risks.
• Rights and attitudes: It involves in listening and learning which is important for an individual. It also helps the individual to improve their attitude in maintaining a developed social life, recreational, occupational, and vocational activities, etc.
• Communication: it values the importance of sharing information and possesses a cleared communication level. It also defines about the realistic ways with the individuals and their careers which would initiate them to realize their own hopes and other expectations of the individuals.
• Evaluation of recovery: The service demonstrates about the key outcomes that indicate recovery. The outcomes are such as employment, social and family relationships, housing, health and well-being, etc.
• Respect and dignity: The inclusive factor is the sensitivity to respect other individuals. Specifically for the values and the belief and cultures which are more relation to the individual human in different ways. It includes the factors like: being courteous, respectful and honest in all aspects of life (Samaras et al. 2014).

Antipsychotics are a part of psychiatric medication which is majorly used to manage psychosis, including hallucination, paranoia, schizophrenia, etc. The extra pyramidal side effects of antipsychotics include: physical symptoms, including tremor, akasthesia, distress, slurred speech. These side effects are due to the improper dosing of or unusual reactions of the antipsychotic, majorly neuroleptic medications. Some of the side effects of the antipsychotics are as follows:

	Side effects enlisted	description
1.	Loss of energy	This is specifically seen in patients suffering from Akinesia. The individual may suffer from lifelessness, etc. The other disease may involve which cause energy stress in the body due to mental health disorders.
2.	Stress for un-motivation	At this stage of mental illness the individual have the feeling of like zombies, and other conditions may also include with numbness of the individual. Eg: Akinesia, etc.
3.	Drowsiness and daytime sedation	This is basically due to the excessive sedation of the drugs and improper dosage of the drugs.
4.	Too much of sleep	This is due to excessive antipsychotic medications.
5.	Muscles to tense	Medications can make the muscles firm made affect the muscular fibers to a great extent.
6.	Shaking of the muscles	This is due to excessive tremor. The repetitive shaking of the muscles may result in the side effects of the antipsychotic medication.

Hypomania is described as the mood state or the energy that is elevated above the normal conditions of the individual. The symptoms which are involved are the elevation of the moods and irritable moods, decreased sleep, more talkative than usual, goal-directed ability, and also include exclusive ability to do pleasurable activities. It also affects the inflated self-esteem of the individuals (Samara et al.  2016).

According to the section 2, 3, 4, and 5 of the Mental Health Act of 1983 and 2007 it is stated that the individual who is suffering from the mental health condition includes the detention and ‘sectioning’ of the different symptoms of the patients. The mental act also allows the people to arrange and include the Community Treatment Orders, the individual with the different attitude and different activities includes the acceptance of the individual in the mental health law.

SSRIs are the newest type of anti depressants drugs which are known to reduce the serotonin amount which is absorbed by the pre-synaptic neuron. Due to this reabsorption, much of the serotonin remains synaptic gap for a longer duration in the depressed patients. They relax depression by interfering with the natural occurring neurotransmitters by blocking them. The change in the serotonin balance helps the brain cells to ease down and boost the mood. They are called the selective neurotransmitters because they mostly affect the serotonin.

Principles and Propositions of the Recovery Model

ECT or electroconvulsive therapy is a technique where the small currents of electricity pass through the brain which triggers seizure intentionally. It causes a change in the chemistry of the brain which could efficiently reverse the symptoms of the mental disorders. In this procedure, the patient is made to sleep under the effect of general anesthesia. Then a muscle relaxant is given in this condition, and the electrodes are applied to the patient’s scalp to deliver the electric current which causes the seizure. This seizure caused is controlled by the medications so that there is no movement n the patient body and when the patient wakes up he does not remember anything of the treatment.

If a patient is suffering from the breathing problem and chest pain then the following assessments has to be made:

X-ray of the chest: this diagnosis is important because it gives much of information like consolidation which could be seen in pneumonia, hyper-expansion of the lungs which could detect asthma and COPD, pneumothorax, interstitial edema to detect pulmonary edema and ARDS and pleural effusions in the patients.

Ultrasound of lung: this is the second type of diagnosis which could detect basics of echocardiography to check for the strains on heart, dilated auricles or dilated ventricles or pericardial effusion or tamponade.

Pulse Oximetry is the third type of assessment which is like a non-invasive methods which give relevant information about the patient oxygenation.

The arterial blood gas is the fourth type of assessment which could be done to the patients to have an idea about hypoxia, hypercarbia or the presence of acidosis.

Spirometry is the another tool of assessment for measuring the shortness of breath and is mostly done in the emergency.

ECG is the assessment which is done by the doctors immediately in such cases to look for any heart infarction and ischemia in the complaining patients (Ponterotto 2015).

The medical professionals have the responsibilities to maintain the confidentiality of the patients and their physical illnesses. Therefore, the example may include the confidentiality of the hospitals with the customers or the patient according to the disease related to the patient even to the family of the patient in accordance of the will of the patient.

Metabolic syndrome:

Metabolic syndrome is defined as the biochemical process which is involved in the body’s normal functioning. The conditions would increase the habits of the disease related to the metabolic disorders of the body. The disease may include the heart disease and the disease related to the metabolisms of the body. 

Consumptions of the psychotropic medication may increase the chance of the chronic diseases like diabetes, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. Therefore, the patients who are suffering from mental illness and are prescribed with the antipsychotic drugs majorly refuse to consume.

Nursing duties or the nursing responsibilities includes several conditions and action such as: observation and monitoring the condition of the patients. The patients are administered by the medical professionals including the nurses. They also have the responsibilities manage the intravenous lines of the patients and also includes the conditions of the patients and report it too the doctor for the desired treatments of the patients.

The two bipolar disease treatments are Mood Stabilizers, and antipsychotics, etc.

Mood stabilizers: These are like Valproate, works as antiseizure drugs, it has more rapid action than lithium. (Lithium is a simple metal, in pill form helps in controlling of mood swings).

Antipsychotics: These are those drugs which control hypomanic episodes (Pietrzak et al. 2015). 

References:

Pietrzak, R.H., Johnson, D.C., Goldstein, M.B., Malley, J.C. and Southwick, S.M., 2015. Perceived stigma and barriers to mental health care utilization among OEF-OIF veterans. Psychiatric services.

Ponterotto, J.G., 2015. Qualitative research in counseling psychology: A primer on research paradigms and philosophy of science. Journal of counseling psychology, 52(2), p.126.

Samara, M.T., Dold, M., Gianatsi, M., Nikolakopoulou, A., Helfer, B., Salanti, G. and Leucht, S., 2016. Efficacy, acceptability, and tolerability of antipsychotics in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a network meta-analysis. JAMA psychiatry, 73(3), pp.199-210.

Samaras, K., Correll, C.U., Mitchell, A.J. and De Hert, M., 2014. Diabetes risk potentially underestimated in youth and children receiving antipsychotics. JAMA psychiatry, 71(2), pp.209-210.