Economists strongly believed that investment in education is an important source of economic growth; hence investment in human capital is starting from investment in primary education. Most Education is the essential foundation for prosperity, opportunity, and serves as a pathway to economic success. It also cultivates young people’s talent and creativity, encourages them to connect with other people, and inspires them to discover and analyze the world in which they future live ( The most critical time for children belongs age group between ages seven to seventeen years old to nature, shapes, and inspires a healthy, productive and successful future career.
It also provides families to understand child growth and developmental opportunities that can help reduce problems such as poor health, dropout rates, poverty, and crime, by establishing a lifelong love for learning, and a positive attitude toward the world that surrounds the most important years (Twright, 2018). Investment in schooling is a pre-request mean of improving economic growth and well-being of societies.
Especially, investing in primary school education is a key source generating future human capital. Primary education is considered as a first step for every human activity. Investment in education particularly in primary education is a laying foundation for essential and sustainable economic growth and development of the country. The benefit of education for children’s in sense that children grow a rational thinker and get greater care in future formal education (Battle and Lewis, 2002).Children’s education is one of the most important aspects of social and economic development. It improves the development of human capital and that equipped with an individual’s well-being and opportunities for better living .
It ensures the capabilities and is strongly associated with various socioeconomic variables such as lifestyle, income, and fertility for both individuals and societies. This increase in productivity also leads towards new sources of earning which increase the economic growth of a country (Saxton, 2000). The social and economic development of any country is directly linked with education. The children’s education plays an important role in producing the productive graduates who will become great leader and manpower for the country thus responsible for the country’s economic and social development (Ali et.al, 2009).Ethiopia has recently experienced massive improvement in access to education. Primary school enrolment has increased five-fold since 1994, and there are now more than 14 million children in school compared to five million in 2000. Primary school enrollment has increased substantially but only about half of those enrolled manage to complete primary level education .However; educational investment continues to be low in many developing countries including Ethiopia. Moreover, wide educational disparities are observed, with rural children typically receiving less education than urban counter parts. School attendance is lowest in rural areas due to lack of provision and alternative occupations (EDHS, 2016). Primary schools have over 90% of seven year olds enrolled although only about half complete the primary level education. This situation varies from one region to the other and it is even worst in, such as Somali and Afar regions. In Ethiopia were approximately two-third (75%) primary school ages children are age in grade not correspondence (congruence). Due to the fact that schooling investments are typically made at the household level, poor households must make decisions about the optimum allocation of scarce resources towards child schooling (EDHS, 2016). The role of education on economic growth has been found to be positive and significant not only in monetary terms but also in physical terms, such as farm efficiency and labor productivity. Education has also been found to be a significant factor in the reduction of poverty, improvement in income distribution and various dimensions of social, demographic and political development. Interestingly the relative significance of human capital is higher in developing countries. Considering education to be a tool of paramount importance for mobilization of human resources for sustainable socio-economic growth, the government has been involved in formulating and implementing numerous policies to develop and improve the education system in order to make it compatible with requirements of the country (Burney and Irfan, 2013).Primary education is absolutely critical to education as it serves as a base foundation for secondary and higher education and a critical driver of economic growth. Education of children serving for long run through augmenting family income, providing economic support during old age, enhancing economic status and increasing agricultural productivity (Axinn,2011,Lloyd and Blanc, 2013). Ethiopia is one of the poor country and low level of human capital. In Ethiopia the number of children in school has been increase in the last two decades from as low as 2 million in the 1990’s to over 23.5 million in 2016,almost more than three times its gross enrollment rates from as low as 30% in 1990’s to 96%, in EDHS, 2016.The primary school net attendance ratio and gross attendance ratio for the population of age 7-14 year old 7 1.5% and 95% respectively and the primary school net attendance ratio between rural and urban 83% and70% respectively (2016). However several of challenges still exist. More than 25% of children who enroll in first grade dropout before they complete their first school year and wide gap persist between rural and urban.Nearly19% of female and 14% of male did not go during to school during the 2016 school year .According data from 2016 EDHS, over 50% of population is illiterate nearly 58% of rural and 21% of urban. More over it is a country of the young with children under age 15 years accounting for above 47% of the population (CSA, 2016).Children’s schooling in Ethiopia faces several problems on demand side and supply sides. Particularly, the researcher was focused analysis of the demand side determinants of schooling is important make in bridging the wider gap problems constringing educational outcomes in the primary school. Opposing this researcher aims answering what determinants children schooling outcome in Ethiopia.Therefore researcher motivated by need to assess the situation with the emphasis on the demand side factors of schooling and show improving it. Particularly to examine factors that influence children’s schooling outcomes. The important direction of educational outcomes are constrained a number of factors right from official entry age to successive enrollment in equivalent age through completion. At school official entry age, children are either not enrolled in the time of survey or may not be enrolled at all. At school age-grade equivalent (congruence), children either age in grade equivalent in the time of survey or may not be age in grade congruence (equivalent) at all. To understand the determinants that affect this dimension of children educational outcome can guide policy makers to prioritize appropriate strategy to such groups of children. The study examine school attendance dimensions using information from the 2016 EDHS data on weather children in sample have ever attained school, weather children in currently school and weather children’s age in grade equivalent (congruence).policy aimed solving challenges faced by such group of children may require different consideration.
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