Light and lighting in general is an important aspect of life. Without light, nothing in this world would be visible. Both artificial and natural light are used by human beings to be able to carry out their day to day activities. Artificial light refers to the sources of light that are made by men while the natural sources came about during creation. The sun and the moon are natural sources of light. This chapter delves into understanding the theories that explain light and how the ecosystem responds to light. With the help physics creative have developed various sources of light which helps to bring into perspective the different effects of light (Ellis, et al., 2013). Artificial beaming of spaces will be looked at with the focus shifting to the forms of lighting used in hotel lounges and what effects they have to the people (Atkinson & Hilgard, 2000). Hotels tend to choose lighting mechanisms that would appeal to their clientele and also make the area feel welcoming.
Human beings have over the years relied on the sun and the moon for light. Sight is a result of reflection light rays after hitting an object and thus the ability to see the object. The two natural sources of light which are the sun and the moon function in different ways and provide light at different times (Ayana, 2012). During the day the sun provides light and at night the moon takes over.
Natural light has been of much importance to the earth not just to human beings but also other living organisms such as plants that rely on the sun for photosynthesis. However, with increased development there was need to come-up with artificial sources of light that would facilitate vision in the absence of the two natural sources of light (Ayana, 2012). Artificial light is obtained from lamps powered by electricity and batteries. For the natural light it is impossible to change its illumination but the artificial light makes it easy for artist to play around with shapes and colors to achieve a desired output which matches the expectations of the user and the beauty of the space is as well accentuated (Bean, 2004).
The use of both natural and artificial light is encouraged to bring out different aesthetic set-ups in space. More so, lights are made to illuminate in different colors and shapes with the intention of creating a beautiful scenery of a given place. Since the aspect of energy comes in, it is important to utilize the natural sun light during the day for light to save on electricity charges while at same time improving on the beauty of a space. Nowadays buildings are made in a way that would make sure more natural source is utilized for lighting during the day by having large windows and open spaces on the walls (Ellis, et al., 2013).
The sun plays an essential role in the wellbeing of individuals in the world. We rely on sun for sunlight which enables the human eye to see what exists around them and therefore making it easy for people to work with different parts the physical world. By the help of the sun the humans are also in a position to understand how the weather patterns work and in turn a component that is well looked into when deciding on number of factors within the lives of a human being (Ellis, et al., 2013). On a sunny day the dressing code is light compared to cloudy and windy days as this means the temperatures are high and therefore the sun determines dressing codes on particular days (Tural, 2006). Further, the sun informs or influences the decision on how buildings should be developed with emphasis being placed on the sides the windows and doors should face so as to pave away for the entry of light into the house or building.
The good thing with sun light is that it could be redirected using different objects so as it could be utilized well to the benefit of the user. Direct sunlight is not helpful when working and therefore the need to redirect light so that only sufficient amount of sun gets in to a building so that comfort is felt by the occupants of the building. Blending of natural sunlight and artificial light plays a big role in beautification of a place (Brown, 2001). Having small well shaped entry points for sunlight helps to bring out the liveliness of the interior of rooms. The entry points could as well be made of different colors so as to provide light in the room in different colors that work well for beautification purposes.
Light is good as it helps us get in touch with the environment but it also has its negative side. Too much light could lead to blindness and therefore the need to have mechanisms that will control the level of light we get to interact with (Caughey & Murdoch, 2004). The most common objects used to control light penetration are transparent glasses which only allow certain amount of light to through depending on their thickness, sizes and clarity. Light is only helpful when it is consumed in the needed amount and not excessively as this results to light pollution. Light could also be controlled by the use curtains, blinds on the openings of an interior to make sure only the needed light finds its way to the interior of a room. With improvement in technology fritting which is glass technology is used to filter light getting into spaces. Interior designers are therefore, keen when designing which colors to use for the purposes of making the room look beautiful. Regulation of light by use of the different materials help to create a room that is well lit and beautiful (Chemel & Inc, 2016).
According to Grimley & love, (2007) designers use two methods to come up with room interiors basing on light. The designer may decide to go with either the artificial lighting or rely on the natural source of light or blend the two. A balance could be achieved in the fusing of the two sources of light, for example in a situation where sunlight is so much the designers could put in place artificial light and block the natural light thus being able to have a well-lit room which utilizes both natural and artificial light (Collins, 2001).
The usage of both the natural and artificial is very significant in the decoration of interiors and helps set the desired mood as it’s easy to control the light by adjusting the preferred variations of the lighting equipment in a given environment, (Grimley, & love, 2007). For the reasons that artificial light is relatively a specific source of light, therefore, it is useful in application of various kinds of the lighting fixtures in a specific set ups. Different atmosphere requires different type of lighting fixtures for instance the restaurant needs lighting which set up a desired theme of relaxing with minimal amount of light pollution since customers come to relax and dine hence should be classy and comfortable (Countryman & Jang, 2006).
While the lighting in the offices should also be unique and specific to meet the needs of the people serving in such environment, the lighting need to be more illuminating, bright and adequate for the office staff to perform their task maximally, (Grimley, & love, 2007).
Illuminance is the process by which light rays travel from the source or planar surface downwards the reflecting material. While luminance is referred to as light ray that transmits from the reflecting material upwards, (Mclean, 2004). It is believed that human eye easily observes luminance than illuminance because when the surface of reflection is changed the luminance also is altered.
In order to successfully achieve the results of up-lighting, the heights of the celling needs to be high enough so as to hide the bright spots of light which are suspended in the celling for the interior surrounding to light the celling instead. Once this is achieved, the effect of luminary is eliminated, though this may still cause the vision problem, (Mclean, P, 2004).
The luminary in interior space should be designed in a delicate manner if not so then the celling and upper parts of the walls will be enlightened than the lower parts of the wall making it dim hence there will a lot absorption of light (Jones, et al., 2013). This justify the fact that up lighting is not economical as there is a massive loss of energy and light, thus the practice of up-lighting should be minimized to prevent this loss, (Mclean, P, 2004).
The combination of up-lighting and down-lighting results in a controlled and efficient downward and upward distribution of light in a wider space, (Mclean, P, 2004). This effect is beneficial as it has less effect on vision and space looks bigger. The upward-lighting will enhance the background luminance of the space. But the standing challenge is that the upward-lighting might remain too high.
Most industries are beginning to realize the importance of environmental conservation by cost effectiveness in terms of their operations. The debate on sustainability is becoming a norm due to its benefits on the environment and human health. Thus, industries are shifting gears and starting to adopt more environmental friendly materials and fixtures to save the world. The built industry is not an exception, designers and interior designers are opting to go green and use more efficient products that can conserve energy and using more sustainable sources of lighting (Cuttle, 2017). An example is the use of LED lamps which have higher efficacy instead of the fluorescent that consume more energy hence leading to wastage.
Investigating lighting in hotel environments
Types of lighting
Artificial lighting is always analyzed along its functions and performance levels. This functions are normally explained as follows; ambient lighting, focal lighting, accent lighting and task lighting.
This type of lighting is mainly referred to as all-purpose light that can be used within a space. The ambient light in a particular space come from different lighting fixtures installed within a space (Collins, 2001). These fixtures can be controlled by switches to regulate the levels of lights illuminating an interior space depending on the time of the day and the amount of light required in such spaces.
Accent lights are always referred to as spotlights, meaning they illuminated specific areas within a space that are of great significance or stands out in a space such as design details, artwork, and furniture (Naqshbandi & Munir, 2011). Accent lights always have low voltage and can be sometimes modified and fixed on objects within a particular space to show their importance and show its details.
Focal lighting mirror the form of other lighting fixtures such as chandelier, lamps and wall scones. The light source are more stationary unlike accent and ambient lighting. Focal lights are mainly referred to as the focal glow because they used as glowing objects within a focal point in space (Dowling, et al., 2007). Ideal lighting design solution are always based on balancing the focal glow and the ancient lighting.
Task lighting is a light source that is used in lighting up certain spaces where certain activities takes place such as the office space which generally uses the ambient light from the fluorescent grid that are evenly lit, however, every desk in the office have task lights (Fielding, 2006). The level of task light used in a particular space can vary depending on the activity being carried out in the space. The amount of light illuminated in a space are measured in foot candles (Evans & Corp, 2006). Below is a table showing the amount of light required to carry out different functions within a space.
|
Task area |
Foot candles |
Lux |
|
Kitchen |
20 |
215 |
|
Classroom |
25 |
270 |
|
Computer lab |
30 |
323 |
|
Conference room |
30-50 |
323 -540 |
|
Office landscape |
75 |
807 |
|
Reading and writing |
25 |
270 |
|
Demonstration lab |
100 |
1076 |
|
Auditorium |
10 |
108 |
|
Corridor and stairway |
10 |
108 |
|
Enclosed office |
50 |
540 |
Lighting has a huge effect on the advancement of the spatial character, for instance, how would you light a bar, a hotel lobby or a restaurant? Within the development of the character, lighting may have numerous reasons. It may encompass psychological effects such as hospitality, relaxation, attractiveness or in other cases causing disorientation, unattractiveness, and irritation. According to Ginthner (2012), lighting changes the original point of view of an inside giving it the vital cover and in addition the impacts that is suitable to the inside type.
The understanding, effective execution of the lighting arrangements and additionally learning the base of the lighting configuration must be appropriately examined. There are a number of designers that work as lighting designers, for instance, the facility manager, the electrical engineer, urban planner, architect, landscape architect or interior designer. The profession of lighting design is scarce and the main focus of the lighting designer is to understand the space as well as lighting structure perfection or at some point may fuse the lighting architect to make the vision of brilliance as a reality (Tural, 2006).
The aesthetics of a space is one of the main concerns of the designer and they view lighting as a sort of craftsmanship as opposed to basic enlightenment. Apart from being an art, lighting uses a huge body of technical knowledge which is updated as a result of the ever-changing technology which is the study of lighting (Futronix, 2006). The most noteworthy factor of lighting is that it is the plan for individuals and an understanding of the visual quality of the user’s needs to be considered which; enjoyment, and health (Ginthner, 2012).
There are different design elements that can be utilized to impact the initial process and subjective impressions of a lighting designer in designed spaces. The initial process should complement as well as put forth a prevailing expression to the first plan (Fielding, 2006). This is finished by having the light to express comparable impression of existing structural components in a planned space. There are various approaches to build up these sorts of impressions which will be discussed.
Rutes, et al., (2001) are the well-known scientists in the field of the lighting plan. The specialists investigated and attempted to comprehend the impacts of lighting and the conceivable effect of lighting on recognition, sensations, and sentiments of the inside space. Murdoch and Caughey (2004) purposed that Dr. John Flynn was one of the twentieth-century lighting pioneers. He was one of the scientists who attempted to look at the mental impacts of lighting. In Flynn Hypothesis of 1973, Flynn stipulates that the impressions of lighting are consistently shared examples of impressions among the space clients and the impression of lighting differ inside a space (Forsgren, 2004).
Flynn further made a criteria module for examining spaces illumination. His initial work on the lighting impression was completed nearly forty years ago. Additionally, his work has had an empirical follow-up as much as his original work is referred to as the seminal study of this day. On evaluating lighting idea, Flynn utilized some cues that assisted him to comprehend the clients and abstract response to the lighting of a space (Jones, et al., 2013).
The signs were classified into uniform/non-uniform circulation of light, brilliant/dim dimensions of brightening lastly overhead, fringe or vertical surface lighting. He additionally used certain terms to decide responses, demeanor, and sentiments of the user. After completing the responses, he set fixed responses as well as words that the user could use to portray the lighting inside a space (Futronix, 2006). The words incorporate pleasant versus upsetting, spacious versus confined, relaxed versus tense, visually versus hazy and finally public versus private.
Pleasant means the utilization of wall lighting whereby the fundamental light distributors are the wall lit as opposed to lighting that comes straightforwardly from the roof. As per Goldstein, (2009), pleasant light is a non-uniform dissemination of splendor inside the space. The dimension of light is settled and relies upon how the visual assignment is in the given space. More so, open lighting needs larger amounts of illumination and an increasingly uniform light dissemination are needed on all surfaces. A spacious space requires a supplement of the high level of lighting with the even circulation of light, wall lighting and uniform lighting on all surfaces. For a relaxed feel, a non-uniform dissemination of light such wall lighting at lower levels is preferred. Furthermore, Flynn further insists that visual clarity need an enhancement of higher luminance at the movement territory with a general fringe luminance (Forsgren, 2004). The negative response criteria of the user will be the opposite of the explanations above. The criteria above are adequate to evaluate the light levels within the interior and further providing them with accurate responses to interior lighting spaces.
Lighting design is a holistic discipline and influences a huge range of factors in the sociology and historical factors of the society. Lighting design strategies thus vary in different geographical locations and cultures as designers strive to communicate the intrinsic values in each of the unique sites. Over the centuries, lighting design has evolved and broken traditional boundaries; for example, traditional hotel lighting methods have transitioned from their decorative approach to a more holistic approach in terms of creating interest in people as well as creating habitable and conducive spaces (Gordon, 2003).
A study examined a South Korean and a North Americans preference in hotel guest rooms based on the digitally generated lighting designs with different color temperatures and color intensity (Research Department of the Caribbean Tourism Organization, 2002). Three different valuables were evaluated for variance: preference, pleasure and arousal or stimuli the lighting designs had on the occupants of the rooms.
The study’s findings showed that the South Koreans preferred high light intensity with warm lighting, and experienced an arousal from bright light conditions, on the other hand north Americans preferred guestrooms with low light intensity and lighting that is warm and also experienced an arousal from the dim lighting conditions as opposed to lighting conditions that are bright (Kime, 2013). This shows a clear difference in the influence that geographical locations have on the lighting design of boutique hotels.
The impact that the natural environment in every geographical area and cultural background have on an individual’s choice in lighting is evident. Daylight patterns, duration of sunrise and sunset, colors created by natural light, elevation of the sun and rhythms and intensity differ in differ in latitude and countries and thus cause a difference in their perceptions of lighting. For example in Sweden shadows are incorporated in design when lighting facades and public areas and this is because the sun in Sweden is low and often creates long shadows, in areas with a vertical inclination of the sun like south of Sweden such use of daylight is unachievable and people are used to direct light (Kahn, 2011).
The natural environment also affects the perception of color and its effects on people. People in northern Europe appreciate and understand the dynamics of color temperature and thus make more delicate use of colored lights as opposed to their counterparts in the south of Europe (Miller, 2001). For instance, colored lights are used in public spaces in Scandinavia but in further south, they are a reserve for festival lighting. This is due to the difference in the duration of sunrises and sunsets in the locations (Mclean, 2004). The blue hour which is the period of twilight and dusk where a blue hue is as a result of indirect light is longer the further north you travel sometimes as long as two hours in Scandinavia in contrast to the south where it lasts only a few minutes (Klumbis & deFreund, 2002). The people in the north are hence more familiar with colorful skies.
The cultural background of a people also influences their choice of lighting design reflecting the periods they spend indoors or outdoors, for example cozy and warm lighting is mainly used for people that spend time in the house. In areas where the sun is, often-bright interior lighting is designed to be brighter to allow shading and prevent too much heat coming in.
Of the carbon emission s in the world today, tourism contributes at least 5 percent of the total emissions and the accommodation sector accounts for 1 percent of this percentage. This is according to UNWTO (United Nations world tourism organization) (Philips Electronics, 2010)
Several strategies that can be used to minimize lighting energy requirements for a building include:
Illumination requirement specification for different spaces – this involves the determination on how much lighting intensity is required for a certain task. For example, much less light is required in corridors as opposed to the kitchen. Design that considers the lighting requirements for each space reduces the amount of energy consumed. Lighting requirements in guest spaces include:
Maximization of the use of natural lighting- in spaces that have access to direct sunlight, the designer should make optimal use of the natural light to make sure that there is minimal artificial lighting load especially when the daylight is available.
Load shedding- this refers to the act or practice of temporarily reducing the supply of electricity to reduce overloading to the mains electricity. This can be done at the boutique hotel to reduce the energy consumption
Interior architecture and spatial planning integration with the lighting design – This includes room geometries and choice of colors in the interior of the hotel. This will increase the overall efficiency of the lighting design and reduce the energy requirements of the building. In the design of the hotel, color schemes can reduce or increase the lighting required for example daylight distribution can be increased by use of bright materials and matte finishes (Pine & Gilmore, 2002). Bright walls and finishes also increase the effectiveness of natural day lighting due to their high surface reflectance.
Lighting systems maintenance – maintenance of the lights and the electrical system is important to reduce the energy consumption of the hotel by reducing the energy wasted in faulty connections.
Efficient usage of the building lighting by the occupants- the people working in the hotel should be trained on efficient use of the lighting system to ensure conscious usage and minimize wastage (Benson, 2013). Installation of light management control system can also greatly reduce the amount of energy consumed unnecessarily .Lighting systems provide for sensors that disconnect power in areas of irregular or sporadic traffic like hallways (Benson, 2013). Key cards also ensure power is disconnected in unoccupied rooms.
Proper selection of the lighting fixtures- these includes lamps and other fixtures. It is important that energy saving bulbs and other energy saving technologies be considered when doing the lighting design to ensure energy conservation. Traditional lighting systems were mainly composed of energy consuming incandescent bulbs (Cuttle, 2017). Replacement of these bulbs with the energy saving options will significantly cut down the operational costs of the hotel and save money. The most commendable bulbs in energy saving include: LED bulbs and gas discharge bulbs. Gas discharge bulbs include compact fluorescent lamps and tubes which consume less power and have an extended lamp life (Pine & Gilmore, 2002). On the other hand LEDs consume a minimal amount of power and they do not produce much heat hence they are conducive for interior lighting. They also have a long lamp life compared to the rest of the lighting options.
Design of time of day use- this will ensure usage that does not expend unnecessary energy.
Sustainable source of lighting with its benefits to hoteliers and customers
Sustainability is a major concern in the world today. Sustainability has a direct impact on the environmental social and economic impact of the hospitality industry owing to the excessive consumption of water, use of energy in the operations of the hotel, use of durable and consumable goods and durable goods, generation of solid waste and hazardous waste in their operations (Kleinrichert, et al., 2012). There are benefits arising from improvement of lighting systems and redesigning of the hotel for sustainability
Cost savings- by investing in emerging environmental technologies and better operational procedures hoteliers can reduce costs and provide good incentive for hoteliers. There are a variety of strategies used including recycling of waste, re use of waste and reduction of waste (schrager, 2015). Among other emerging areas are indoor environmental quality focused on quality of air and usage of cleaning products (Rutes, et al., 2001). Staff training for performance improvement and employee retention and satisfaction capacity.
Regulatory affairs- currently the environmental regulations for hotel sector are mainly about facility operations for example handling of hazardous materials, environmental health and safety and management of storm water. In the future, however the scope of this regulation is expected to be expanded to cover hotel operational approaches, methods of construction and the overall design of the hotel.
Guest experience – this refers to the experience a guest has in the hotel and what they feel about it. Guests today prefer to stay in hotels that feel like home from the furnishings, lighting and other front house products. Investments in environmental technology have a direct impact on the experience a guest has and hoteliers are investing more.
Economic incentives – to encourage the construction of sustainable or green buildings and environmental retrofits the government has enacted some economic incentives. Hoteliers hence can reap the benefits of some of these benefits that include financial grants, expedited regulatory permitting, tax write offs and insurance premium discounts.
Brand image – having sustainable business practices enhance the brand reputation and the brand image since younger generations take pride in knowing that their brands are implementing the strategies they set out to do. Incorporation of sustainability platform into the brand definition translates to profits for the hotel in the long term (Stoppard, 2006). By having a corporate brand image that adopts a sustainable corporate culture companies also gain a great advantage in attraction and retention of talent especially among millennial that are more conscious about the environment and sustainability.
Analytic comparison between two boutique hotels in two different regions
The two case study hotels selected for this comparison are commodore hotel located in Turkey and W hotels in New York, USA.
Hotel Name: commodore hotel
Location: Evrenseki shore line turkey
Figure: commodore hotel
source: https://www.commodoreelite.com/commodore-foto.aspx
Figure 7: interior lighting
source: https://www.commodoreelite.com/commodore-foto.aspx
The commodore hotel is a five star hotel located in Evrenseki in the shore lines. The hotel was built in the year 2012 for a developer called Sa?- Tur A.? (Thapa, 2007). The hotel enjoys a modern day architecture with a luxurious design with planar forms with an expensive use of the modern colors blending together to create warm feeling and ambient spaces.
The main type of lighting used in this design theme is focal lighting. The ceiling plan has some elements of accent lights that seem to extend from the ceiling with formation of certain design elements within the space. The main focal light is accented with the use of fibre – optic (FO) lights located around the ceiling edges to bring out the interior form of the building (Koseoglu, et al., 2012). The spaces located between the lobby are differentiated by the color renditions. Some of the colors have warmer tones with brightly lit lamps that are well lit making the spaces feel more comfortable and not intensive in terms of lighting.
|
FINDINGS |
BRIEF COMMENTS |
|
|
TYPES OF LAMPS |
Spot lighting, compact fluorescent, fiber – optic lamps |
The lamp types give brightness of low color rendition |
|
EFFECTS OF LIGHTING |
Down-lighting, up-lighting, reflective surface, indirect and direct lighting |
Accent lobby spaces with ambient lighting in general |
|
METHOD OF LIGHTING |
Ambient, accent, focal, and task lighting |
There are different methods of lighting used that harmonize each other |
|
LIGHTING TECHNIQUES |
Accent light, well lit, relaxing nature, interest point. |
General lighting creates a relaxing mood within the lobby spaces |
Name of hotel: W hotel
Location: New York
Figure 12: W hotel exceptional lighting
https://www.modul.ac.at/uploads/files/Theses/Bachelor/Bachelor_Thesis_Braun_The_Lobby_as_a_Living_Room.pdf
W hotels represent one of the outstanding modern design lobby strategies. It is a boutique brand endorsed by Starwood hotels since 1998 (Thapa, 2007). The design of the luxurious hotel’s design strategies can be summarized into four words namely: inspiring, innovative, iconic, and influential (Stoppard, 2006). The hotel was designed to inspire the visitors who go there to sit, linger, enjoy and lounge. The hotel uniqueness express the modern living and modern travel. The contemporary design of the lobby also express all the properties in its materials combining it with the local culture (Koseoglu, et al., 2012).
The lighting in the W hotels is of exceptional quality. It gives almost all the types of lighting techniques and methods, with a well-designed spacious lobby space with quality materials and outstanding lighting solutions (Sawalich, 2012). The hotel lobby incorporated the focal lighting by using a chandelier that provides light and aesthetic at the same time. The lighting elements play a very important aspect in the design by improving the spaces quality hence being associated with the design instead of being separated from the whole composition of the design (Rutes, et al., 2001). The lights in the lobby are not only used for lighting purposes but also used as decorative elements within the spaces wall planes.
|
FINDINGS |
BRIEF COMMENTS |
|
|
TYPES OF LAMPS |
Spot lighting, compact fluorescent, fiber – optic lamps |
The lamp types give brightness of low color rendition |
|
EFFECTS OF LIGHTING |
Down-lighting, up-lighting, reflective surface, indirect and direct lighting |
Accent lobby spaces with ambient lighting in general |
|
METHOD OF LIGHTING |
Ambient, accent, focal, and task lighting |
There are different methods of lighting used that harmonize each other |
|
LIGHTING TECHNIQUES |
Interest point, intensive light, focal lighting |
General lighting creates an intensive feel of clear vision |
Conclusions
The findings and evaluations of the paper focus on the analysis of necessary solutions of the lighting of the five-star hotels. The main objective of this research was to examine the effects of lighting and how it relates to the general spatial features with the five-star hotels. In this study, the lobby was the major focus as their space provides the original concept about the spatial feature within the hotel. The evaluation of the contextual analyses recognized the similarities and contrasts, alongside the spatial element and what the lighting give in the entryway space. The case study further helped in defining lighting in each hotel has their own lighting techniques, effects, and methods. The findings conclusion assesses fixture type of lighting and the needed effects in the design of hotels as well as the table revealing expansive information on the lighting methods, fixtures, and techniques utilized within the hotel.
Additionally, the literature provided scientific background as well general information on lighting theory, techniques, effects, fixtures, and methods. The information in the literature review was utilized to analyze and develop criteria that followed the evaluation tables in the case study segment. Apart from information on lighting and background information, the typologies, as well as classifications of the hotels, were surveyed to decide both the dimension and standard of lighting in the five-star inns. The examination in hotels profited a ground for surveying the hotels inside the contextual investigation.
Generally, the subjects of this paper were tackled in correspondence of the commonality of lighting design in the five-star hotels. It was concluded from the investigation of the contextual analyses that the lighting structure of the five-star hotels is the plan that assumes a noteworthy job in the spatial piece of the space in the hotel. Additionally, the apparatuses of lighting should be incorporated into the original design of the hotel highlighting that the lighting designs require to be considered in the design process to accomplish the needed standards in five-star hotel spaces. The information analyzed in the case studies corresponded with conclusive findings, layout, and design of the five-star hotels. They were also in relation with how the lighting design is implemented in the original layout instead of the lighting fixtures application being considered after the process.
It is worth noting that lighting also plays a significant role in space visual aesthetics, for instance, this conclusive statement states that almost all case studies that were evaluated had almost the same design element which aimed around a lighting fixture. The center in the spaces of the hotels showed a huge and dominant lighting element that signifies the significance of the space and the overall layout as well as the style of the hotels. Conclusively, the hotel space lighting space compliments to the general design as well as the hotels’ layout through providing focal points, accents, the atmosphere, aesthetics, and ambiance. Furthermore, it sets the mood of the hotel by either displaying a relaxing or intense mood. The important point in the assessment sheds light on the importance of lighting design consideration in the hotel spaces design process.
This research paper gives researchers interests regarding the matter of hotels hence a reference for further investigations. The analysis of the contextual analysis further serves as a criterion for assessing projects that its concern is with lighting design.
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