A Novel Framework To Enhance Water Management Using Zigbee Network

Description

The invention we are proposing is nothing other than using Zigbee network models to enhance water management (Jha et al.,p.12). Several inaccuracies are related to water consumption and during water flow. Currently, the methods of water parameterization on what quantity of water is consumed by specific households depends on the trust bestowed upon the field officer who usually reads the water meters. This mechanism is prone to manipulation, inaccurate, inefficient, and unreliable.

In the classical sense, the water meter collection mechanism takes a rough approximate of 8 days to be able to clear reading all the meters. This anticipates that water field officers may take a lot of time so that they can be able to cover the entire area where the meter’s environment has been scheduled as they collect data (Mohapatra et al., p.447). This mechanism faces many problems as they exhibit a lot of inaccuracies due to manipulation from the data at all times.

In a number of surveys to establish a number of inaccuracies, some of the problems were transmitted during meter reading associated with human errors. Ideally, these issues can be canvassed effectively too:

• To reduce effort and time taken during water data collection.
• Minimize the number of errors collected during data collection.

Though several techniques can harness the water meter, every machine has specific challenges requiring salient reliability. The cost-effective mechanism to reduce the cost will the telemetry operate optimally.

Global systems for mobile communication can achieve better results while collecting the data. Still, one of the impeding solutions is that it is not cost-friendly, as it is too expensive on both consumers and the service providers in context.

In contrast to technologies such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi they had high power consumption and could only operate for hours. Quantifiably, it could work for 20 hours. Therefore the most demystifying factor to the solution is the application of Zigbee devices, which can run using dry cells for many years. Consequently, the proposed innovation is the Zigbee model for water telemetry to enhance water accountability.

Therefore, to enhance all these, we need to cross-examine the Zigbee model and what can be done to ensure adequate water data reading without inaccuracies. Various models have been implemented to check if there was any other compelling device that could make outs the Zigbee model. Result demonstrates that some mechanism is accurate but very expensive to handle and enhance reliability between the customer and the data. Therefore, Zigbee should be enhanced to improve the model’s portability in the most effective manner of innovation.

Technology

This innovation aims to create a model for a Zigbee mesh WPAN for connecting and utilizing data from water meter points (Qadir et al.,p. 77454). As proof of creation, a prototype will be developed. The invention will be assessed on the same criteria. 

Technology	Advantages	Disadvantages.
Gsm	ü It is easy to maintain in the perspective of the high number of engineers. ü It is easy to integrate GSM with other wireless technologies. ü The help mobile phones work across the globe.	ü Repeaters are installed to enhance the coverage. ü They are costly to acquire and maintain Gsm base stations. ü They consume a lot of power.
Wi-Fi	ü Wi-Fi is essential in water technologies as it can help to predict water consumption in a given area. ü Can help in chemical leak detection in water.	ü Consume ample voluminous power hence not cost-effective at all. ü Not reliable has it can only last for a few hours due to availability of power ü Reliability all depends on the provider.
Bluetooth	ü Easy automation ü Minimal interference ü It is a wireless standard because it is compatible with other devices.	ü It can only cover a small range, for instance, 100m. ü It is not suitable for devices that must be available at all times.
Zigbee	ü It is cost-effective ü Zigbee in dry cell hence they can run over 20 years. ü Zigbee has a mesh network topology with low cost, multi hope data transmission and is power effective ü It is easy to install as opposed to Bluetooth.	ü Low network stability ü Not secure when compared to Wi-Fi ü It does not have end devices available yet.

Claims are an essential aspect of the invention simply because they act as a protection right upon which you can claim ownership of something without any confusion from the rest of the other inventions or innovations around the world. If well-made claims are very beneficial to the claimant because there will be expansion right at all times, meaning there will be increased opportunities for your inventions. Un well-documented claims give the claimants less right on the innovation; hence patent does not cover all the privileges. This may be demeaning because the individual may lose a fundamental right, yet they have undertaken an appropriate mechanism in enhancing the innovation and other models. For instance, in our model for water telemetry implementing the prototype model requires a lot of money.

The enhancement of water management by deploying the Zigbee models because of its enhanced long-time water meter data provision. In the classical sense, the model will use Zigbee to enhance the collection of data and minimize human error as a sensor will be implemented to detect water flow from one point to another. Patent of this innovation as this is a complete innovation that has entailed funding, resources, and effort. 

Figure showing possible implementation.

Several mechanisms have been implemented to reduce water wastage at all times from different scholars to provide a prudent and accurate means in ensuring that accurate readings of data typically take place positively.

Implementation of the eve of several to reduce water wastage improves water transparency, including in its payment mechanism by a different individual who usually uses water for the same purpose. The success of network-based technologies in mitigating water-related episodes has become implementable in other institutions. Burkina Faso typically boasts itself over the prudent water collection mechanism (Kadigi,p.587). It is estimated to collect 95% of its water supply.

In then and friendlier have argued that a flawless monitoring system enhances the integrity of the water payment mechanism simply because it is easy to identify where water has been wasted how and how much has been consumed. All the mentioned mechanisms did not use sensors but applied a meter reader to predict the level of finished water.

Claims

Several expand on the bar by defining upper levels not covered by IEEE 802.15.4. Only the RF, Physical, and Medium Access Control (MAC) layers are specified and controlled by this standard. This encompasses EnOcean protocol, a proprietary protocol with modest rates of 120 Kbits/s, whereas the Z-Wave solution has far higher speeds. It offers significantly lower than 40 kilobits per second and no security features (Schwarz, p.77). It has been evident that the Radio Frequency Identification protocol has a relatively low success rate.

Devices are not dynamically addressed at high speeds. Zigbee networks require less energy hence they are; very efficient in articulating their work. Additionally, they are primarily asleep, using low bandwidth and less power consumption. In contrast to Wi-Fi, Zigbee typically lasts for a long time, becoming very suitable for the model as an innovation.

Integration of the model with stable coins and tokens. The water flow to various households depends on how much you have subscribed during that month. If you have subscribed to fewer tokens during that month, your expiry date will be propagated till the expiry time(Chakravarty et al.,p.87). This is a new technology and innovation as it has been implemented in other areas, including electric power consumption.

Therefore implementing it in water flow belling will not be an Igeneries or exception case but can be part of innovation as it does not exist in the innovative water monitoring system. In a classical sense, what ought to happen is that the system will be distinguishable to claim right while patenting all these features in our model.

Security and authentication mechanism has been in place for a long time in order to restrict the account or data we want we find. It is substantial in aiding what is required, password, Mac address filtering to devices in the network, use of biometric systems, and finally, one-time password (OTP). This security mechanism enhances the security of the information we want to restrain access. In this case, to be strong, we have to implement tokens to restrict access to what we want to have access to.

To control water flower in or once appropriate billing in our model, you suffer water shortage once you have not subscribed anything at all. The implementation has been implemented in the Kenya power and lighting company. Kenya boasts an amount tokenization of its electricity as it has partnered with Safaricom Telecommunication Company, one of the biggest companies in Kenya offering communication services (Bowden et al., p.47). M-Pesa enables one to buy token using pay bill no 888880.

Review of Other Models in Water Telemetry

This process has increased the consumption of power, enhancing the transparency of governance. In sub-Saharan Africa, countries such as Nigeria lack adequate power supply to households simply because of a lack of transparency in power(Bashir,p.105). In fact, in Nigeria, power is monopolized by individuals (Oluleye, p.187).

Therefore such technology innovativeness will enhance the effectiveness of our Zigbee for improving the transparency of water and adequate water consumption. Ideally, water consumer units will be designed or implemented so that token generated can be essential in allowing water flow from one point to another. These tokens will act as the authentication mechanism that enhances water flow.

This is the proposed design such that we can be able to record appropriate, meter readings as opposed to traditional approaches. Items used in the model to demonstrate what has already been implemented hence requiring patenting. The above drawing has been supported by the following device shown below.

The Token Authenticates Waterflow In Household Subscription.

The screenshot demonstrated above represented the token number that will be fed into our water consumer interface so that water will be allowed to flows to houses once we have made the payment. This token ensures that water is allowed to flow. If it is not recharged one water is will not flow until it is recharged.

The token is a 16-digit number which is generated in a unique way such that it is not that easy to guess.

Water Consumer Unit To Key In The Token.

Customer user interface device which will facilitate the capturing of the token which has been demonstrated above. This will recharge our meter telemetry enhancing the flow of the water at different households.

This is one of the crucial components of the Zigbee model, it enhances the longer life execution of the meter ZigBee powered battery can run for many years.

This is the router that will enhance the propagation of data. This will route various packets to various destinations illustrating which household has consumed how many units at a particular time of the month.

References

Bowden, J., King, T., Koutmos, D., Loncan, T. and Stentella Lopes, F.S., 2021. A Taxonomy of FinTech Innovation. In Disruptive Technology in Banking and Finance (pp. 47-91). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.

Bashir, M., 2019. Authoritarian Nature of the People’s Democratic Party on Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria in the Fourth Republic (1999-2015). Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies, 5(1), pp.99-106.

Biyik, C., Allam, Z., Pieri, G., Moroni, D., O’fraifer, M., O’connell, E., Olariu, S. and Khalid, M., 2021. Smart Parking Systems: Reviewing the Literature, Architecture and Ways Forward. Smart Cities, 4(2), pp.623-642.

Chakravarty, M.M., Chapman, J., MacKenzie, K., Melkonian, O., Müller, J., Peyton Jones, M., Vinogradova, P. and Wadler, P., 2020, October. Native custom tokens in the extended UTXO model. In International Symposium on Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods (pp. 89-111). Springer, Cham.

Jha, K., Doshi, A., Patel, P. and Shah, M., 2019. A comprehensive review on automation in agriculture using artificial intelligence. Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture, 2, pp.1-12.

Kadigi, R.M., Tesfay, G., Bizoza, A., Zibadou, G. and Zilberman, D., 2019. Irrigation and water use efficiency in Sub-Saharan Africa. Gates Open Res, 3(587), p.587.

Mohapatra, H. and Rath, A.K., 2019. Detection and avoidance of water loss through municipality taps in India by using smart taps and ICT. IET wireless sensor systems, 9(6), pp.447-457.

Oluleye, F.A. and Koginam, A.O., 2019. Nigeria’s energy sector privatization: Reforms, challenges and prospects. South Asian Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 1(2), pp.189-197.

Qadir, Q.M., Rashid, T.A., Al-Salihi, N.K., Ismael, B., Kist, A.A. and Zhang, Z., 2018. Low power wide area networks: A survey of enabling technologies, applications and interoperability needs. IEEE Access, 6, pp.77454-77473.

Schwarz, S.B., Akestoridis, D.G., Tague, P. and Hibshi, H., 2021, October. Hiding the Topology of an IEEE 802.15. 4 Network with Limited Energy. In 2021 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS) (pp. 74-82). IEEE.