Describe about the Accounting for Business Decisions for SME Rating .
The current piece of research is conducted with the purpose of understanding and analyzing the financial structure of the company in order to undertake better business decisions. For the following purpose the analysis of the financial structure of AGL ENERGY Ltd. The stated Ltd Company is one of the leading operational company based in the country of Australia. This company is one of the publicly listed firms engaged in the business of providing services and products associated with energy in the economy of Australia. The researcher has conducted the analysis of the following company with the view of developing suitable recommendation for the areas in which the company lacks behind.
Statement of Financial Position
BALANCE SHEET of AGL ENERGY LTD (AGLNF) |
|||||
Fiscal year ends in June |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
Cash and cash equivalents |
1813 |
281 |
456 |
259 |
252 |
Short-term investments |
179 |
187 |
114 |
156 |
267 |
Total cash |
1992 |
468 |
570 |
415 |
519 |
Receivables |
1621 |
1844 |
1743 |
1894 |
1975 |
Inventories |
185 |
133 |
191 |
396 |
414 |
Prepaid expenses |
39 |
45 |
32 |
40 |
39 |
Other current assets |
294 |
346 |
716 |
714 |
640 |
Total current assets |
4132 |
2836 |
3252 |
3459 |
3587 |
Gross property, plant and equipment |
7166 |
7295 |
7541 |
9289 |
9157 |
Accumulated Depreciation |
-842 |
-1120 |
-1305 |
-1657 |
-2628 |
Net property, plant and equipment |
6324 |
6176 |
6236 |
7632 |
6529 |
Equity and other investments |
462 |
372 |
390 |
614 |
217 |
Goodwill |
2640 |
2640 |
2758 |
2792 |
2791 |
Intangible assets |
532 |
510 |
490 |
474 |
441 |
Deferred income taxes |
611 |
729 |
631 |
682 |
953 |
Other long-term assets |
38 |
104 |
218 |
180 |
86 |
Total non-current assets |
10606 |
10530 |
10723 |
12374 |
11017 |
Total assets |
14738 |
13366 |
13975 |
15833 |
14604 |
Short-term debt |
614 |
44 |
45 |
442 |
22 |
Capital leases |
2 |
1 |
1 |
||
Accounts payable |
1153 |
1280 |
1106 |
669 |
903 |
Deferred income taxes |
11 |
155 |
49 |
86 |
102 |
Deferred revenues |
250 |
||||
Other current liabilities |
579 |
712 |
807 |
1175 |
1526 |
Total current liabilities |
2610 |
2192 |
2007 |
2373 |
2553 |
Non-current liabilities |
|||||
Long-term debt |
3682 |
3048 |
3653 |
3422 |
3067 |
Capital leases |
14 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
19 |
Deferred taxes liabilities |
349 |
99 |
50 |
||
Other long-term liabilities |
951 |
672 |
661 |
1206 |
1039 |
Total non-current liabilities |
4996 |
3835 |
4380 |
4645 |
4125 |
Total liabilities |
7606 |
6027 |
6387 |
7018 |
6678 |
stockholders’ equity |
|||||
Common stock |
5227 |
5354 |
5437 |
6696 |
6696 |
Retained earnings |
1884 |
1987 |
2249 |
2175 |
1243 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
22 |
-2 |
-98 |
-56 |
-13 |
Total stockholders’ equity |
7133 |
7339 |
7588 |
8815 |
7926 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |
14738 |
13366 |
13975 |
15833 |
14604 |
In the above statement of balance sheet of AGL ENERGY Ltd, it can be observed that the total assets have fallen drastically from the year 2012 to 2014. In the view of Armstrong et al. (2016), at the end of 2014, the balance of the total current assets improved. On the other hand, the above statement shows that the total noncurrent assets of the company were the highest in the year 2015 and the lowest in 2013 on comparison between the stated five years. On the contrary, the total current liabilities had decreased consecutively through the last three years and then it started increasing in the year 2015 and 2016. According to Barsky and Catanach (2013), the total noncurrent liabilities have been in a state of alternative increase and decrease through all these given years.
Percentage change in the BALANACE SHEET of AGL ENERGY Ltd |
|||
Fiscal year ends in June |
2015 |
Changed Percentage |
2016 |
Assets |
|||
Current assets |
|||
Cash |
|||
Cash and cash equivalents |
259 |
-2.7 |
252 |
Short-term investments |
156 |
71.2 |
267 |
Total cash |
415 |
25.1 |
519 |
Receivables |
1894 |
4.3 |
1975 |
Inventories |
396 |
4.5 |
414 |
Prepaid expenses |
40 |
-2.5 |
39 |
Other current assets |
714 |
-10.4 |
640 |
Total current assets |
3459 |
3.7 |
3587 |
Non-current assets |
|||
Property, plant and equipment |
|||
Gross property, plant and equipment |
9289 |
-1.4 |
9157 |
Accumulated Depreciation |
-1657 |
58.6 |
-2628 |
Net property, plant and equipment |
7632 |
-14.5 |
6529 |
Equity and other investments |
614 |
-64.7 |
217 |
Goodwill |
2792 |
0.0 |
2791 |
Intangible assets |
474 |
-7.0 |
441 |
Deferred income taxes |
682 |
39.7 |
953 |
Other long-term assets |
180 |
-52.2 |
86 |
Total non-current assets |
12374 |
-11.0 |
11017 |
Total assets |
15833 |
-7.8 |
14604 |
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity |
|||
Liabilities |
|||
Current liabilities |
|||
Short-term debt |
442 |
-95.0 |
22 |
Capital leases |
1 |
-100.0 |
|
Accounts payable |
669 |
35.0 |
903 |
Deferred income taxes |
86 |
18.6 |
102 |
Deferred revenues |
|||
Other current liabilities |
1175 |
29.9 |
1526 |
Total current liabilities |
2373 |
7.6 |
2553 |
Non-current liabilities |
|||
Long-term debt |
3422 |
-10.4 |
3067 |
Capital leases |
17 |
11.8 |
19 |
Deferred taxes liabilities |
|||
Other long-term liabilities |
1206 |
-13.8 |
1039 |
Total non-current liabilities |
4645 |
-11.2 |
4125 |
Total liabilities |
7018 |
-4.8 |
6678 |
stockholders’ equity |
|||
Common stock |
6696 |
0.0 |
6696 |
Retained earnings |
2175 |
-42.9 |
1243 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
-56 |
-76.8 |
-13 |
Total stockholders’ equity |
8815 |
-10.1 |
7926 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |
15833 |
-7.8 |
14604 |
The researcher has calculated the percentage difference of the items in the balance sheet of AGL ENERGY LTD for the year 2015 and 2016. The total current assets of the company have increased by a percentage of 3.7. As opinioned by Biao (2013), this increase in the quantity of assets of the company has occurred due to purchase of new assets by the company. It may also result from the accommodation of the stock of goods for sale. The total non currents assets of the company have decreased by 11 per cent in 2016 in comparison to the previous year. As stated by Habib and Hossain (2013), the reason for this decrease in the total assets may have occurred due to sale of the assets for funding the business or to extract the scrap value of the same. In addition to this, the current liabilities have also increased in the year 2016 by a percentage of 7.6. On the other hand the total noncurrent liabilities of the company have decreased by 11.2 per cent.
As stated, the increase in the total current assets of the company is less than the increase in the current liability of the same. In the opinion of Beck et al. (2013), this explains the inability of the company in meeting its current contingencies. On the contrary, the total noncurrent assets of the company have decreased while the total current assets have increased. In the words of Cour-Thimann and Winkler (2012), the decrease in the total noncurrent assets of the company highlights the impotency of the company to write off the future contingencies and liabilities.
As opinioned by Cull et al. (2013), an increase in the current liabilities is not in favor of the company given the current assets are not sufficient to meet the liabilities, the company will require to make its purchases on credit so as to retain the limited assets. In the words of Rensburg and Botha (2014), this in turn will generate more liability for the company. Here, the noncurrent liabilities of the company have decreased indicating that the company has nit indulged in long term borrowings. It should also be noted that the noncurrent assets of the company has also decreased. According to Joshi et al. (2013), there is a subsequent possibility that the company might have sold its total noncurrent assets to write off the total noncurrent assets leading to a decrease in both.
In this context Stubbs et al. (2013), stated that the short term financial condition of the company is not in favor of the company, its shareholders as well as investors. As it has been seen that the assets do not compensate the liabilities due to which it has to borrow from the creditors. In the words of Biddle (2015), this further creates imbalance in the current ratio of the company as a result of which the creditors along with the investors may refrain from providing goods on credit and making further investments that may have an adverse effect on the work proceedings of the company.
Stockholders’ Equity
As stated by Crawford and Power (2015), the net value of any particular company is demonstrated by the shareholders’ equity of the same. This is one of the measures that help the analysts to understand the financial condition of the company. In this context, the shareholders’ equity of AGL ENERGY Ltd has been stated in the above mentioned balance sheet of the company. Here, the common stock of the company remained unchanged in the year 2016 in comparison to the previous year. On the contrary the retained earnings of AGL ENERGY Ltd have decreased to a percentage of 42.9 in the current year on drawing a comparison with the preceding year. In addition to that, the retained earnings of the company have also decreased justifying the decrease in the total noncurrent liabilities as it is evident that the company used its retained earnings to pay off the liabilities. It may also be witnessed from the above given balanced sheet of the company that the total shareholders’ equity of AGL ENERGY Ltd has decreased by 10.1 per cent. As it has been analyzed that the current liabilities of the company is more than its current assets along with that the total assets not increasing in proportion to the increase in total liabilities. In the words of Altman et al. (2013), this influences the shareholder’s equity of the firm as the shareholder’s fund of a particular company is computed by deducting the total assets of the company from the total liabilities of the same. Hence, the shareholders’ equity of the company displays a weak financial condition of the company.
As stated by Bonner et al. (2013), the outstanding shares of a company can be computed by dividing the net profit earned by the company after taxation with the earnings per share of the company. In accordance to the income statement of the company, the net income for the year 2015 is 218 whereas the earnings per share is 0.33. Hence, the outstanding share of AGL ENERGY Ltd for the year is approx 606. Similarly, the outstanding share of the company shows a negative balance of approx 678.
INCOME STATEMENT of AGL ENERGY LTD (AGLNF) |
|||||
Fiscal year ends in June |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
Revenue |
7454 |
9715 |
9543 |
10678 |
11150 |
Cost of revenue |
5918 |
7451 |
7227 |
7856 |
8110 |
Gross profit |
1536 |
2264 |
2316 |
2822 |
3040 |
Operating expenses |
|||||
Other operating expenses |
1339 |
1597 |
1337 |
2255 |
3321 |
Total operating expenses |
1339 |
1597 |
1337 |
2255 |
3321 |
Operating income |
197 |
666 |
979 |
567 |
-281 |
Interest Expense |
84 |
245 |
243 |
250 |
236 |
Other income (expense) |
50 |
42 |
24 |
20 |
43 |
Income before income taxes |
163 |
464 |
760 |
337 |
-474 |
Provision for income taxes |
48 |
75 |
190 |
119 |
-67 |
Net income from continuing operations |
115 |
389 |
570 |
218 |
-407 |
Other |
-1 |
||||
Net income |
115 |
389 |
570 |
218 |
-408 |
Net income available to common shareholders |
115 |
389 |
570 |
218 |
-408 |
Earnings per share |
|||||
Basic |
0.23 |
0.7 |
1.02 |
0.33 |
-0.6 |
Diluted |
0.23 |
0.7 |
1.02 |
0.33 |
-0.6 |
Weighted average shares outstanding |
|||||
Basic |
482 |
550 |
558 |
654 |
675 |
Diluted |
482 |
551 |
558 |
654 |
675 |
Percentage change in the INCOME STATEMENT of AGL ENERGY Ltd |
|||
Fiscal year ends in June |
2015 |
Changed Percentage |
2016 |
Revenue |
10678 |
4.420303428 |
11150 |
Cost of revenue |
7856 |
3.233197556 |
8110 |
Gross profit |
2822 |
7.725017718 |
3040 |
Operating expenses |
|||
Other operating expenses |
2255 |
47.27272727 |
3321 |
Total operating expenses |
2255 |
47.27272727 |
3321 |
Operating income |
567 |
-149.5590829 |
-281 |
Interest Expense |
250 |
-5.6 |
236 |
Other income (expense) |
20 |
115 |
43 |
Income before income taxes |
337 |
-240.652819 |
-474 |
Provision for income taxes |
119 |
-156.302521 |
-67 |
Net income from continuing operations |
218 |
-286.6972477 |
-407 |
Other |
-1 |
||
Net income |
218 |
-287.1559633 |
-408 |
Net income available to common shareholders |
218 |
-287.1559633 |
-408 |
Earnings per share |
|||
Basic |
0.33 |
-281.8181818 |
-0.6 |
Diluted |
0.33 |
-281.8181818 |
-0.6 |
Weighted average shares outstanding |
|||
Basic |
654 |
3.211009174 |
675 |
Diluted |
654 |
3.211009174 |
675 |
EBITDA |
966 |
-76.5010352 |
227 |
In the words of Freeman et al. (2014), the income statement of the company refers to the financial statement of a particular company that displays the financial condition of the same over a particular period of time. The following income statement of AGL ENERGY LTD shows the various aspects of income and expense of the company during the year 2015 and 2016. For the better understanding of the differences of the income statement between these two years, the researcher has computed a percentage difference between the two.
The revenue or income generated in the income statement shows an increase of approx 4 per cent in the year 2016 in comparison to the preceding year. Besides that, the total expense of the company has also increased considerably to a percentage of approx 47 per cent. According to Wang (2014), this demonstrates that the company has made more investments in its operations with the purpose of generating more revenue. However, the percentage increase in revenue is less than the percentage increase in the operating costs incurred by the company. In addition to this, the company has not mentioned any non operating income or loss incurred by the company in its income statement.
In addition to the above, the earnings per share of the company have decreased by around 281 per cent. As opinioned by Kraft (2014), the basic fall in the earnings of the common share may be assumed to be the inefficiency of the company in managing its operating and other expenses that have resulted in a negative balance of the net income due to which the revenue generated by the company has gone down. In the view of Christensen and Nikolaev (2013), due to negative net balance of the company, the earnings on each share have also had a negative impact on account of which the shareholders of the company suffered a loss. Thus, it may be concluded that the operations of the company in accordance to the income statement have been inefficient for the company as it led to a reduction in the generation of revenue and earnings per share of AGL ENERGY Ltd.
CASH FLOW of AGL ENERGY LTD (AGLNF) |
|||||
Fiscal year ends in June |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
Cash Flows From Operating Activities |
|||||
Other non-cash items |
466 |
602 |
699 |
1044 |
1186 |
Net cash provided by operating activities |
466 |
602 |
699 |
1044 |
1186 |
Cash Flows From Investing Activities |
|||||
Investments in property, plant, and equipment |
-722 |
-530 |
-670 |
-772 |
-539 |
Property, plant, and equipment reductions |
138 |
1 |
2 |
6 |
8 |
Acquisitions, net |
218 |
-33 |
-112 |
-1380 |
640 |
Purchases of investments |
-89 |
-72 |
-126 |
-83 |
-30 |
Sales/Maturities of investments |
0 |
165 |
56 |
||
Purchases of intangibles |
-43 |
-44 |
-25 |
||
Sales of intangibles |
5 |
||||
Other investing activities |
-38 |
-38 |
162 |
-2 |
2 |
Net cash used for investing activities |
-531 |
-550 |
-769 |
-2175 |
81 |
Cash Flows From Financing Activities |
|||||
Debt issued |
1730 |
285 |
2075 |
2647 |
550 |
Debt repayment |
-1299 |
-1544 |
-1547 |
-2580 |
-1371 |
Common stock issued |
884 |
2 |
1218 |
1 |
|
Repurchases of treasury stock |
-4 |
-6 |
-6 |
-7 |
-8 |
Cash dividends paid |
-186 |
-214 |
-269 |
-344 |
-446 |
Other financing activities |
-105 |
-10 |
|||
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities |
1125 |
-1584 |
255 |
924 |
-1274 |
Net change in cash |
1060 |
-1532 |
185 |
-207 |
-7 |
Cash at beginning of period |
753 |
1813 |
281 |
466 |
259 |
Cash at end of period |
1813 |
281 |
466 |
259 |
252 |
Free Cash Flow |
|||||
Operating cash flow |
466 |
602 |
699 |
1044 |
1186 |
Capital expenditure |
-803 |
-611 |
-723 |
-806 |
-545 |
Free cash flow |
-337 |
-9 |
-24 |
238 |
641 |
Supplemental schedule of cash flow data |
|||||
Cash paid for income taxes |
-181 |
-71 |
-191 |
-147 |
-166 |
Cash paid for interest |
-122 |
-257 |
-217 |
-216 |
-186 |
In the following cash flow of AGL ENERGY Ltd, the company displays an increase in expense of operating activities of the company to be the highest in 2015. On the other hand, the net investing activities of the company are showing the highest negative balance in 2015 compared to the given five years. In addition to that the net financing activities of the company have also been the highest in 2015 than the rest of the stated years.
On comparing the cash flow statement of the last two years that is 2015 and 2016, it can be analyzed that the cash flow from in 2015 is comparatively lower than the cash flow of 2016. According to Blankespoor et al. (2013), the reason for this may be the increase in the flow of operating and financing activities of AGL ENERGY Ltd. In addition to this, the difference in cash in the beginning and end of the financial year id more in 2015 than in 2016. In the words of Kothari and Lester (2012), this shows that the company used more of its liquid assets in 2015 to pay for its liabilities and expenses.
Conclusion
The analysis of the financial structure of AGL ENERGY Ltd has helped the researcher in developing a better understanding of the internal workings of the company and the impact of the same on the overall financial structure of the company. In addition to this, the research done may also help the managers and shareholders of the company to analyze the areas that require their attention and a major development. This in turn may benefit the shareholders, investors and the company as whole. Besides, on analyzing the researcher has also developed the skill of providing suitable recommendations for the problem areas.
In context of the analysis of the balance sheet, income statement and the cash flow statement of AGL ENERGY LTD the researcher has made a number of recommendations for the benefit of the company. Here, the company may lay its focus on the integrated marketing and communication programe that involves the use of different media platforms for the purpose of advertisement. An increased amount of advertisement may influence the sales positively and help the company to generate more revenue.
Further, the company can also implement the cost optimization strategy that helps in reducing and controlling the operational and manufacturing costs of the business proceedings. Besides, it may also help the company in getting rid of the non value adding costs that increase the expenditure of the company and do not generate any benefit to the company.
In addition to this, AGL ENERGY Ltd may also initiate the early repayment of debt that may save the money of the company in later years to spend on other productive departments of the company that may help it to increase the revenue and lure the investors. Another possible way of increasing the income and regulating the expenses of the company can be targeting the sales and cost of the company for a given period in the duration of the financial year per say a month. The company may then analyze each month the costs incurred and the sales generated and the revenue earned thereon. This in turn may facilitate the company in a better understanding of the areas that are in need of development and the areas that are functioning with full potentiality. All these strategies combined may help AGL ENERGY Ltd to overcome the major drawbacks of the company and achieve the organizational goals.
Reference List:
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Armstrong, C., Guay, W.R., Mehran, H. and Weber, J., 2016. The role of financial reporting and transparency in corporate governance. Economic Policy Review, Issue Aug, pp.107-128.
Barsky, N.P. and Catanach Jr, A.H., 2013. What makes a CFO” the best”?.Strategic Finance, 94(10), pp.29-35.
Beck, T., Demirgüç-Kunt, A. and Singer, D., 2013. Is small beautiful? Financial structure, size and access to finance. World Development, 52, pp.19-33.
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Cour-Thimann, P. and Winkler, B., 2012. The ECB’s non-standard monetary policy measures: the role of institutional factors and financial structure.Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 28(4), pp.765-803.
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Describe about the Accounting for Business Decisions for SME Rating .
The current piece of research is conducted with the purpose of understanding and analyzing the financial structure of the company in order to undertake better business decisions. For the following purpose the analysis of the financial structure of AGL ENERGY Ltd. The stated Ltd Company is one of the leading operational company based in the country of Australia. This company is one of the publicly listed firms engaged in the business of providing services and products associated with energy in the economy of Australia. The researcher has conducted the analysis of the following company with the view of developing suitable recommendation for the areas in which the company lacks behind.
Statement of Financial Position
BALANCE SHEET of AGL ENERGY LTD (AGLNF) |
|||||
Fiscal year ends in June |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
Cash and cash equivalents |
1813 |
281 |
456 |
259 |
252 |
Short-term investments |
179 |
187 |
114 |
156 |
267 |
Total cash |
1992 |
468 |
570 |
415 |
519 |
Receivables |
1621 |
1844 |
1743 |
1894 |
1975 |
Inventories |
185 |
133 |
191 |
396 |
414 |
Prepaid expenses |
39 |
45 |
32 |
40 |
39 |
Other current assets |
294 |
346 |
716 |
714 |
640 |
Total current assets |
4132 |
2836 |
3252 |
3459 |
3587 |
Gross property, plant and equipment |
7166 |
7295 |
7541 |
9289 |
9157 |
Accumulated Depreciation |
-842 |
-1120 |
-1305 |
-1657 |
-2628 |
Net property, plant and equipment |
6324 |
6176 |
6236 |
7632 |
6529 |
Equity and other investments |
462 |
372 |
390 |
614 |
217 |
Goodwill |
2640 |
2640 |
2758 |
2792 |
2791 |
Intangible assets |
532 |
510 |
490 |
474 |
441 |
Deferred income taxes |
611 |
729 |
631 |
682 |
953 |
Other long-term assets |
38 |
104 |
218 |
180 |
86 |
Total non-current assets |
10606 |
10530 |
10723 |
12374 |
11017 |
Total assets |
14738 |
13366 |
13975 |
15833 |
14604 |
Short-term debt |
614 |
44 |
45 |
442 |
22 |
Capital leases |
2 |
1 |
1 |
||
Accounts payable |
1153 |
1280 |
1106 |
669 |
903 |
Deferred income taxes |
11 |
155 |
49 |
86 |
102 |
Deferred revenues |
250 |
||||
Other current liabilities |
579 |
712 |
807 |
1175 |
1526 |
Total current liabilities |
2610 |
2192 |
2007 |
2373 |
2553 |
Non-current liabilities |
|||||
Long-term debt |
3682 |
3048 |
3653 |
3422 |
3067 |
Capital leases |
14 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
19 |
Deferred taxes liabilities |
349 |
99 |
50 |
||
Other long-term liabilities |
951 |
672 |
661 |
1206 |
1039 |
Total non-current liabilities |
4996 |
3835 |
4380 |
4645 |
4125 |
Total liabilities |
7606 |
6027 |
6387 |
7018 |
6678 |
stockholders’ equity |
|||||
Common stock |
5227 |
5354 |
5437 |
6696 |
6696 |
Retained earnings |
1884 |
1987 |
2249 |
2175 |
1243 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
22 |
-2 |
-98 |
-56 |
-13 |
Total stockholders’ equity |
7133 |
7339 |
7588 |
8815 |
7926 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |
14738 |
13366 |
13975 |
15833 |
14604 |
In the above statement of balance sheet of AGL ENERGY Ltd, it can be observed that the total assets have fallen drastically from the year 2012 to 2014. In the view of Armstrong et al. (2016), at the end of 2014, the balance of the total current assets improved. On the other hand, the above statement shows that the total noncurrent assets of the company were the highest in the year 2015 and the lowest in 2013 on comparison between the stated five years. On the contrary, the total current liabilities had decreased consecutively through the last three years and then it started increasing in the year 2015 and 2016. According to Barsky and Catanach (2013), the total noncurrent liabilities have been in a state of alternative increase and decrease through all these given years.
Percentage change in the BALANACE SHEET of AGL ENERGY Ltd |
|||
Fiscal year ends in June |
2015 |
Changed Percentage |
2016 |
Assets |
|||
Current assets |
|||
Cash |
|||
Cash and cash equivalents |
259 |
-2.7 |
252 |
Short-term investments |
156 |
71.2 |
267 |
Total cash |
415 |
25.1 |
519 |
Receivables |
1894 |
4.3 |
1975 |
Inventories |
396 |
4.5 |
414 |
Prepaid expenses |
40 |
-2.5 |
39 |
Other current assets |
714 |
-10.4 |
640 |
Total current assets |
3459 |
3.7 |
3587 |
Non-current assets |
|||
Property, plant and equipment |
|||
Gross property, plant and equipment |
9289 |
-1.4 |
9157 |
Accumulated Depreciation |
-1657 |
58.6 |
-2628 |
Net property, plant and equipment |
7632 |
-14.5 |
6529 |
Equity and other investments |
614 |
-64.7 |
217 |
Goodwill |
2792 |
0.0 |
2791 |
Intangible assets |
474 |
-7.0 |
441 |
Deferred income taxes |
682 |
39.7 |
953 |
Other long-term assets |
180 |
-52.2 |
86 |
Total non-current assets |
12374 |
-11.0 |
11017 |
Total assets |
15833 |
-7.8 |
14604 |
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity |
|||
Liabilities |
|||
Current liabilities |
|||
Short-term debt |
442 |
-95.0 |
22 |
Capital leases |
1 |
-100.0 |
|
Accounts payable |
669 |
35.0 |
903 |
Deferred income taxes |
86 |
18.6 |
102 |
Deferred revenues |
|||
Other current liabilities |
1175 |
29.9 |
1526 |
Total current liabilities |
2373 |
7.6 |
2553 |
Non-current liabilities |
|||
Long-term debt |
3422 |
-10.4 |
3067 |
Capital leases |
17 |
11.8 |
19 |
Deferred taxes liabilities |
|||
Other long-term liabilities |
1206 |
-13.8 |
1039 |
Total non-current liabilities |
4645 |
-11.2 |
4125 |
Total liabilities |
7018 |
-4.8 |
6678 |
stockholders’ equity |
|||
Common stock |
6696 |
0.0 |
6696 |
Retained earnings |
2175 |
-42.9 |
1243 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
-56 |
-76.8 |
-13 |
Total stockholders’ equity |
8815 |
-10.1 |
7926 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |
15833 |
-7.8 |
14604 |
The researcher has calculated the percentage difference of the items in the balance sheet of AGL ENERGY LTD for the year 2015 and 2016. The total current assets of the company have increased by a percentage of 3.7. As opinioned by Biao (2013), this increase in the quantity of assets of the company has occurred due to purchase of new assets by the company. It may also result from the accommodation of the stock of goods for sale. The total non currents assets of the company have decreased by 11 per cent in 2016 in comparison to the previous year. As stated by Habib and Hossain (2013), the reason for this decrease in the total assets may have occurred due to sale of the assets for funding the business or to extract the scrap value of the same. In addition to this, the current liabilities have also increased in the year 2016 by a percentage of 7.6. On the other hand the total noncurrent liabilities of the company have decreased by 11.2 per cent.
As stated, the increase in the total current assets of the company is less than the increase in the current liability of the same. In the opinion of Beck et al. (2013), this explains the inability of the company in meeting its current contingencies. On the contrary, the total noncurrent assets of the company have decreased while the total current assets have increased. In the words of Cour-Thimann and Winkler (2012), the decrease in the total noncurrent assets of the company highlights the impotency of the company to write off the future contingencies and liabilities.
As opinioned by Cull et al. (2013), an increase in the current liabilities is not in favor of the company given the current assets are not sufficient to meet the liabilities, the company will require to make its purchases on credit so as to retain the limited assets. In the words of Rensburg and Botha (2014), this in turn will generate more liability for the company. Here, the noncurrent liabilities of the company have decreased indicating that the company has nit indulged in long term borrowings. It should also be noted that the noncurrent assets of the company has also decreased. According to Joshi et al. (2013), there is a subsequent possibility that the company might have sold its total noncurrent assets to write off the total noncurrent assets leading to a decrease in both.
In this context Stubbs et al. (2013), stated that the short term financial condition of the company is not in favor of the company, its shareholders as well as investors. As it has been seen that the assets do not compensate the liabilities due to which it has to borrow from the creditors. In the words of Biddle (2015), this further creates imbalance in the current ratio of the company as a result of which the creditors along with the investors may refrain from providing goods on credit and making further investments that may have an adverse effect on the work proceedings of the company.
Stockholders’ Equity
As stated by Crawford and Power (2015), the net value of any particular company is demonstrated by the shareholders’ equity of the same. This is one of the measures that help the analysts to understand the financial condition of the company. In this context, the shareholders’ equity of AGL ENERGY Ltd has been stated in the above mentioned balance sheet of the company. Here, the common stock of the company remained unchanged in the year 2016 in comparison to the previous year. On the contrary the retained earnings of AGL ENERGY Ltd have decreased to a percentage of 42.9 in the current year on drawing a comparison with the preceding year. In addition to that, the retained earnings of the company have also decreased justifying the decrease in the total noncurrent liabilities as it is evident that the company used its retained earnings to pay off the liabilities. It may also be witnessed from the above given balanced sheet of the company that the total shareholders’ equity of AGL ENERGY Ltd has decreased by 10.1 per cent. As it has been analyzed that the current liabilities of the company is more than its current assets along with that the total assets not increasing in proportion to the increase in total liabilities. In the words of Altman et al. (2013), this influences the shareholder’s equity of the firm as the shareholder’s fund of a particular company is computed by deducting the total assets of the company from the total liabilities of the same. Hence, the shareholders’ equity of the company displays a weak financial condition of the company.
As stated by Bonner et al. (2013), the outstanding shares of a company can be computed by dividing the net profit earned by the company after taxation with the earnings per share of the company. In accordance to the income statement of the company, the net income for the year 2015 is 218 whereas the earnings per share is 0.33. Hence, the outstanding share of AGL ENERGY Ltd for the year is approx 606. Similarly, the outstanding share of the company shows a negative balance of approx 678.
INCOME STATEMENT of AGL ENERGY LTD (AGLNF) |
|||||
Fiscal year ends in June |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
Revenue |
7454 |
9715 |
9543 |
10678 |
11150 |
Cost of revenue |
5918 |
7451 |
7227 |
7856 |
8110 |
Gross profit |
1536 |
2264 |
2316 |
2822 |
3040 |
Operating expenses |
|||||
Other operating expenses |
1339 |
1597 |
1337 |
2255 |
3321 |
Total operating expenses |
1339 |
1597 |
1337 |
2255 |
3321 |
Operating income |
197 |
666 |
979 |
567 |
-281 |
Interest Expense |
84 |
245 |
243 |
250 |
236 |
Other income (expense) |
50 |
42 |
24 |
20 |
43 |
Income before income taxes |
163 |
464 |
760 |
337 |
-474 |
Provision for income taxes |
48 |
75 |
190 |
119 |
-67 |
Net income from continuing operations |
115 |
389 |
570 |
218 |
-407 |
Other |
-1 |
||||
Net income |
115 |
389 |
570 |
218 |
-408 |
Net income available to common shareholders |
115 |
389 |
570 |
218 |
-408 |
Earnings per share |
|||||
Basic |
0.23 |
0.7 |
1.02 |
0.33 |
-0.6 |
Diluted |
0.23 |
0.7 |
1.02 |
0.33 |
-0.6 |
Weighted average shares outstanding |
|||||
Basic |
482 |
550 |
558 |
654 |
675 |
Diluted |
482 |
551 |
558 |
654 |
675 |
Percentage change in the INCOME STATEMENT of AGL ENERGY Ltd |
|||
Fiscal year ends in June |
2015 |
Changed Percentage |
2016 |
Revenue |
10678 |
4.420303428 |
11150 |
Cost of revenue |
7856 |
3.233197556 |
8110 |
Gross profit |
2822 |
7.725017718 |
3040 |
Operating expenses |
|||
Other operating expenses |
2255 |
47.27272727 |
3321 |
Total operating expenses |
2255 |
47.27272727 |
3321 |
Operating income |
567 |
-149.5590829 |
-281 |
Interest Expense |
250 |
-5.6 |
236 |
Other income (expense) |
20 |
115 |
43 |
Income before income taxes |
337 |
-240.652819 |
-474 |
Provision for income taxes |
119 |
-156.302521 |
-67 |
Net income from continuing operations |
218 |
-286.6972477 |
-407 |
Other |
-1 |
||
Net income |
218 |
-287.1559633 |
-408 |
Net income available to common shareholders |
218 |
-287.1559633 |
-408 |
Earnings per share |
|||
Basic |
0.33 |
-281.8181818 |
-0.6 |
Diluted |
0.33 |
-281.8181818 |
-0.6 |
Weighted average shares outstanding |
|||
Basic |
654 |
3.211009174 |
675 |
Diluted |
654 |
3.211009174 |
675 |
EBITDA |
966 |
-76.5010352 |
227 |
In the words of Freeman et al. (2014), the income statement of the company refers to the financial statement of a particular company that displays the financial condition of the same over a particular period of time. The following income statement of AGL ENERGY LTD shows the various aspects of income and expense of the company during the year 2015 and 2016. For the better understanding of the differences of the income statement between these two years, the researcher has computed a percentage difference between the two.
The revenue or income generated in the income statement shows an increase of approx 4 per cent in the year 2016 in comparison to the preceding year. Besides that, the total expense of the company has also increased considerably to a percentage of approx 47 per cent. According to Wang (2014), this demonstrates that the company has made more investments in its operations with the purpose of generating more revenue. However, the percentage increase in revenue is less than the percentage increase in the operating costs incurred by the company. In addition to this, the company has not mentioned any non operating income or loss incurred by the company in its income statement.
In addition to the above, the earnings per share of the company have decreased by around 281 per cent. As opinioned by Kraft (2014), the basic fall in the earnings of the common share may be assumed to be the inefficiency of the company in managing its operating and other expenses that have resulted in a negative balance of the net income due to which the revenue generated by the company has gone down. In the view of Christensen and Nikolaev (2013), due to negative net balance of the company, the earnings on each share have also had a negative impact on account of which the shareholders of the company suffered a loss. Thus, it may be concluded that the operations of the company in accordance to the income statement have been inefficient for the company as it led to a reduction in the generation of revenue and earnings per share of AGL ENERGY Ltd.
CASH FLOW of AGL ENERGY LTD (AGLNF) |
|||||
Fiscal year ends in June |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
Cash Flows From Operating Activities |
|||||
Other non-cash items |
466 |
602 |
699 |
1044 |
1186 |
Net cash provided by operating activities |
466 |
602 |
699 |
1044 |
1186 |
Cash Flows From Investing Activities |
|||||
Investments in property, plant, and equipment |
-722 |
-530 |
-670 |
-772 |
-539 |
Property, plant, and equipment reductions |
138 |
1 |
2 |
6 |
8 |
Acquisitions, net |
218 |
-33 |
-112 |
-1380 |
640 |
Purchases of investments |
-89 |
-72 |
-126 |
-83 |
-30 |
Sales/Maturities of investments |
0 |
165 |
56 |
||
Purchases of intangibles |
-43 |
-44 |
-25 |
||
Sales of intangibles |
5 |
||||
Other investing activities |
-38 |
-38 |
162 |
-2 |
2 |
Net cash used for investing activities |
-531 |
-550 |
-769 |
-2175 |
81 |
Cash Flows From Financing Activities |
|||||
Debt issued |
1730 |
285 |
2075 |
2647 |
550 |
Debt repayment |
-1299 |
-1544 |
-1547 |
-2580 |
-1371 |
Common stock issued |
884 |
2 |
1218 |
1 |
|
Repurchases of treasury stock |
-4 |
-6 |
-6 |
-7 |
-8 |
Cash dividends paid |
-186 |
-214 |
-269 |
-344 |
-446 |
Other financing activities |
-105 |
-10 |
|||
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities |
1125 |
-1584 |
255 |
924 |
-1274 |
Net change in cash |
1060 |
-1532 |
185 |
-207 |
-7 |
Cash at beginning of period |
753 |
1813 |
281 |
466 |
259 |
Cash at end of period |
1813 |
281 |
466 |
259 |
252 |
Free Cash Flow |
|||||
Operating cash flow |
466 |
602 |
699 |
1044 |
1186 |
Capital expenditure |
-803 |
-611 |
-723 |
-806 |
-545 |
Free cash flow |
-337 |
-9 |
-24 |
238 |
641 |
Supplemental schedule of cash flow data |
|||||
Cash paid for income taxes |
-181 |
-71 |
-191 |
-147 |
-166 |
Cash paid for interest |
-122 |
-257 |
-217 |
-216 |
-186 |
In the following cash flow of AGL ENERGY Ltd, the company displays an increase in expense of operating activities of the company to be the highest in 2015. On the other hand, the net investing activities of the company are showing the highest negative balance in 2015 compared to the given five years. In addition to that the net financing activities of the company have also been the highest in 2015 than the rest of the stated years.
On comparing the cash flow statement of the last two years that is 2015 and 2016, it can be analyzed that the cash flow from in 2015 is comparatively lower than the cash flow of 2016. According to Blankespoor et al. (2013), the reason for this may be the increase in the flow of operating and financing activities of AGL ENERGY Ltd. In addition to this, the difference in cash in the beginning and end of the financial year id more in 2015 than in 2016. In the words of Kothari and Lester (2012), this shows that the company used more of its liquid assets in 2015 to pay for its liabilities and expenses.
Conclusion
The analysis of the financial structure of AGL ENERGY Ltd has helped the researcher in developing a better understanding of the internal workings of the company and the impact of the same on the overall financial structure of the company. In addition to this, the research done may also help the managers and shareholders of the company to analyze the areas that require their attention and a major development. This in turn may benefit the shareholders, investors and the company as whole. Besides, on analyzing the researcher has also developed the skill of providing suitable recommendations for the problem areas.
In context of the analysis of the balance sheet, income statement and the cash flow statement of AGL ENERGY LTD the researcher has made a number of recommendations for the benefit of the company. Here, the company may lay its focus on the integrated marketing and communication programe that involves the use of different media platforms for the purpose of advertisement. An increased amount of advertisement may influence the sales positively and help the company to generate more revenue.
Further, the company can also implement the cost optimization strategy that helps in reducing and controlling the operational and manufacturing costs of the business proceedings. Besides, it may also help the company in getting rid of the non value adding costs that increase the expenditure of the company and do not generate any benefit to the company.
In addition to this, AGL ENERGY Ltd may also initiate the early repayment of debt that may save the money of the company in later years to spend on other productive departments of the company that may help it to increase the revenue and lure the investors. Another possible way of increasing the income and regulating the expenses of the company can be targeting the sales and cost of the company for a given period in the duration of the financial year per say a month. The company may then analyze each month the costs incurred and the sales generated and the revenue earned thereon. This in turn may facilitate the company in a better understanding of the areas that are in need of development and the areas that are functioning with full potentiality. All these strategies combined may help AGL ENERGY Ltd to overcome the major drawbacks of the company and achieve the organizational goals.
Reference List:
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Armstrong, C., Guay, W.R., Mehran, H. and Weber, J., 2016. The role of financial reporting and transparency in corporate governance. Economic Policy Review, Issue Aug, pp.107-128.
Barsky, N.P. and Catanach Jr, A.H., 2013. What makes a CFO” the best”?.Strategic Finance, 94(10), pp.29-35.
Beck, T., Demirgüç-Kunt, A. and Singer, D., 2013. Is small beautiful? Financial structure, size and access to finance. World Development, 52, pp.19-33.
Biao, L.Q.Z., 2013. Ownership Properties, Investor Sentiment and Corporate Inefficient Investment [J]. Finance and Trade Research, 4, p.020.
Biddle, G.C., 2015. The Role of Financial Statements in Reporting Financial Performance. In Accounting & Finance/IASB Research Forum.
Blankespoor, E., Linsmeier, T.J., Petroni, K.R. and Shakespeare, C., 2013. Fair value accounting for financial instruments: Does it improve the association between bank leverage and credit risk?. The Accounting Review,88(4), pp.1143-1177.
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Christensen, H.B. and Nikolaev, V.V., 2013. Does fair value accounting for non-financial assets pass the market test?. Review of Accounting Studies,18(3), pp.734-775.
Cour-Thimann, P. and Winkler, B., 2012. The ECB’s non-standard monetary policy measures: the role of institutional factors and financial structure.Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 28(4), pp.765-803.
Crawford, L. and Power, D.M., 2015. Perceptions of external auditors, preparers and users of financial statements about the adoption of IFRS 8.Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 16(1), pp.2-27.
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