Discuss about the Accounting Theory and Current Issues for Generational Accounting.
The research explicates the features of positive or provides scientific research. Moreover, this is in line with the particular accounting research. In other words, the particular study on accounting puts focus on the definition of the essential goals of the human behavior (Deegan, 2013). The reason behind this is that the intention of the human behavior is to lead to the groundwork of essential settings regarding accounting. In this report, the article “Half a Defense of Positive Accounting Research” has been selected for detailed study and analysis of the research work. It has been found from the study that the particular article highlights the discussion that is about the assumptions of ontology and epistemology. Moreover, these assumptions are needed for performing scientific research along with it the feasibility factors of the projects is also analyzed depending on these. The current fragment of the provided article “Half a Defense of Positive Accounting Research” explains the theory of positive accounting in the research at the time period of defensive actions. Nevertheless, it has been noted that in some research studies, the concepts and theories of accounting operate as justifiable by nature and seldom supervises in the near future (Crawford & Lepine, 2013). Therefore, the particular study focuses on the level of progression and logics and this is done by the assistance of different methodologies of data gathering that is qualitative methodology and quantitative methodology.
The provided article “Half a Defense of Positive Accounting Research” has been studied and analyzed in detail and the intention of this study is to explain all the auditing concepts and theories that provide with better work usually. Moreover, it can also be said that the goal of this particular article study is to highlight on the measurement by which short fall of all the practices might take place, especially in the case of Popper prescriptions (Miller & Power, 2013). On the basis of the detailed study, it can be said that the particular article “Half a Defense of Positive Accounting Research” has both advantages and disadvantages. The importances of the specified article are as follows:
Firstly, the provided article has found to sum up the upshots of the qualitative researches. In addition to this, this study also helps to use the related concepts as well as theories in the research (Messier, 2016). Thus, it helps to enlighten the concepts regarding the accounting topic.
Secondly, various hypotheses have been performed in this particular article for scrutinizing all the goals of the study (Deegan, 2012). Therefore, it includes the requirement of the underpinning theories that are related to the observed result and this has been found that this lines up with the particular accounting research.
Thirdly, the elementary success of the research study also lines up with the theories as well as concepts of the positive accounting. In particular, it can be said that this alignment with the accounting concepts actually take place after the operational artifacts have been understood along with the intention in setting up standards that are considered as comparatively of lower value. As per Kuhn, the normal science get easily fit into the fundamental goals of the positive accounting con concepts and theories, especially after comparing it (the positive accounting theories and concepts) along with the conventional sciences (Lukka & Pihlanto, 2014). Therefore, the ultimate idea explains the elementary factors, particularly during the occurrence of Kuhnia crisis. Moreover, the declaration took place by the explanation of the positive accounting theory and concepts.
Fourthly, it can be said that the concepts as well as the theories of the Positive Accounting are composed of wider apparition. Moreover, it can be said that this is regarding the programs of research in order to broaden the illustration facets of human behavior. The concepts and theories of positive accounting help to set as well as compare between the presence and application of positive accounting theory and the specified research study (Harrison & Van der Laan Smith, 2015). Therefore, it assists in summarizing all the characteristics of the concepts of the assumptions ontology and epistemology for the purpose of programs regarding exploration.
Lastly, as per the positive accounting theory, the theories and concepts of accounting are dealt with the scrutiny of the superior aspects that help to attain the competences of the scientific purposes. Furthermore, as per the description of Kuhn, he puts much stress on normal sciences (Bebbington, Unerman & O’Dwyer, 2014). It has been found that the normal sciences usually get affix into the research that is related to the positive accounting theories in an appropriate manner.
It has been noted that the particular article “Half a Defense of Positive Accounting Research” has various importance but on the other hand, it also possesses some constraints. These include as follows:
Firstly, as per the research study, it has been found that the researchers have asked for a much accepting and confident observational outcomes and have flawed initiatives accurately.
Secondly, the advices can be rendered in order to give practical actions to the resistance. Moreover, this is based upon the present system like to fetch changes in near future (Henderson et al., 2015).
Thirdly, the summary of the provided article “Half a Defense of Positive Accounting Research” implies the discussion about the revolutionary factors and Kuhnia crisis. Furthermore, this is concerned regarding the concept liberation of the theories and concepts of positive accounting in order to obtain potential advantages of higher level (Kim et al., 2013). Thus, it can be said that there are many cases, which provides practical actions about resistance. Moreover, it is based on the existing system for bringing any change in the management.
Fourthly, the most general problem that can easily be found within the methodology involve the familiar structure of theoretical models with the aim to dissect the examination of unreasonable confidence and this believes the judgment of hypotheses. Moreover, it interrelate the lack of interest in inadequate replication with the arithmetical values.
Lastly, in the fresh communication among the personal systems and less personal in the ultimate process of making decision is considered as a requirement. Therefore, it includes the realization of the vital characteristics about the deficiencies that take place within the accounting research (positive accounting) in order to widen the projects (reasonable).
On the basis of the detailed study, it can be said that the above stated research questions line up with the particular research study. The reason behind this is that the provided research work is regarding the theories and concepts of positive accounting and different research methodologies have been incorporated in order to perform the research study successfully (Dorminey et al., 2012). Additionally, the influences as well as the importance of the general sciences have also been analyzed in the particular research study. In addition to these, significance as well as constraints of the theories have been analyzed here about the specified research topic and research method. Thus, it has been found that the research hypotheses line up with the particular research paper. The entire article is regarding the different kinds of logical theories and concepts of positive accounting theory, its strategy and concept in the process of developing information association among the various behaviors of human and normal sciences as per the description of Kuhn.
According to Power & Gendron (2015), the experimental questions help in illustrating the comprehensive concepts and theories about the behavior of human and restriction regarding its application. Additionally, widespread regions identify the actions situations of population in order to serve interpretive research. It highlights that the theory explanation aligns with the positive factors, ontology and epistemology. Additionally, the researcher intends to supervise the limitations.
Qualitative and quantitative methodologies are considered as the two kinds of scientific research and the collected information is processed under initiation based on some assumptions. Moreover, for considering logical support and also for examining predictions about new concepts and theories, newer observations are implemented. Opined to Popper, the new concepts are prepared on the basis of observed regularities and proved observations. It includes assessment of two new theories in a single case theory. Therefore, misrepresentation is counted as the untreatable assumptions, which is dependent on theoretical assumptions. Thus, the theories are counted as abnormal pathways of Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft (Bonin, 2013).
As per Setyorini & Ishak (2012), the researchers have two prime aims and this is utilized by them for understanding the qualitative method of research. It also indicates the collection of information as it assists in understanding in preliminary stage. This study focuses on regression analysis for getting into the depth of auditor’s pricing strategy. Data collection after different behavior pattern, purpose of tender bid and adopted strategies representation are counted as a vital factor for the audit partners.
The article is written in the form of Popper Logic version and it is considered as the vital factor. It includes examination and measurement of statistics that implies incompatibility and concepts certainty from null hypotheses. Therefore, exclusion of transfer in conformist importance for porch qualities took place by keeping p stable at 0.00001.
There are mainly two causes due to which replication of prior studies is required and for the future analysis, prior results are applied. Nevertheless, there are various facts mentioned in “Half a Defense of Positive Accounting Research” for examining all the hypotheses. It ranges from 1-5% depending on statistical problems (Raj & Roy, 2016).
Additionally, there are many restrictions in the study. These involve – short of interest in the statistical worth of restraints and thus, face insufficient imitation and possess lesser confident and accepting study findings. The other restrictions include the casual formation of all hypothetical models for studying the unjustified dependence test that deems the hypotheses logics and the research is almost based on the present scheme (Ghanbari et al., 2016). Consequently, based on these it can be said that chief enhancement is desirable by the researchers in order to put the scale of future analysis. Based on ad hoc, the facets are counted and it includes completion of quantitative models. Nonetheless, various models are utilized for research analysis. It requires tremendous dimension of concepts after the evaluation of this along with the re-invention of the quantity.
Conclusion
The specified article “Half a Defense of Positive Accounting Research” examines all the factors that are related to the epistemology and ontology. Nevertheless, the concept about the present policies of accounting has been understood and it has been used for operating the research programs. The specified division explains the incorporation process of relevant as well as accurate models of theory for scanning the highly specified as well as vulnerable perceptions in detail. This requires incorporation of modernized measuring techniques for examining the theoretical models. Moreover, the procedure of selecting pertinent functional types that creates linear affiliation among the only ideas is counted as vital factor.
References
Bebbington, J., Unerman, J., & O’Dwyer, B. (2014). Sustainability accounting and accountability. Routledge.
Bonin, H. (2013). Generational accounting: theory and application. Springer Science & Business Media.
Crawford, E. R., & Lepine, J. A. (2013). A configural theory of team processes: Accounting for the structure of taskwork and teamwork. Academy of Management Review, 38(1), 32-48.
Deegan, C. (2012). Australian financial accounting. McGraw-Hill Education Australia.
Deegan, C. (2013). Financial accounting theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia.
Dorminey, J., Fleming, A. S., Kranacher, M. J., & Riley Jr, R. A. (2012). The evolution of fraud theory. Issues in Accounting Education, 27(2), 555-579.
Ghanbari, M., Manesh, M. Z., Hamid Khorasani, M. H., & Nejad, H. (2016). PAT (Positive Accounting Theory) and Natural Science.
Harrison, J. S., & Van der Laan Smith, J. (2015). Responsible accounting for stakeholders. Journal of Management Studies, 52(7), 935-960.
Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K., & Howieson, B. (2015). Issues in financial accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU.
Kim, Y., Li, S., Pan, C., & Zuo, L. (2013). The role of accounting conservatism in the equity market: Evidence from seasoned equity offerings. The Accounting Review, 88(4), 1327-1356.
Lukka, K., & Pihlanto, P. (2014). The developer of Finnish accounting theory. Twentieth Century Accounting Thinkers (RLE Accounting), 60.
Messier Jr, W. (2016). Auditing & assurance services: A systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Miller, P., & Power, M. (2013). Accounting, organizing, and economizing: Connecting accounting research and organization theory. The Academy of Management Annals, 7(1), 557-605.
Power, M. K., & Gendron, Y. (2015). Qualitative research in auditing: A methodological roadmap. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 34(2), 147-165.
Raj, S. K., & Roy, S. (2016). Accounting Theory: An Ethical Perspective of Real Life Scenarios. International Journal of Business and Social Research, 6(10), 47-55.
Setyorini, C. T., & Ishak, Z. (2012). Corporate social and environmental disclosure: A positive accounting theory view point. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(9).
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