Airport planning and development includes the functional, safe, balanced by capacity and user-friendly airports. In the effective planning and development of Airports, the airport authorities and design consultants seek to make sure that the strategies for development of airport will result in flexible and affordable facilities, which can assist the operations of airline and requirements for offering best customers experience during coming years. When an agency or consulting company plans to develop airport plan, it ensures that all the landside and airport assistance facilities can enhance and magnify their operations in an effective manner, which will be beneficial for all the related parties.
There are so various factors, which need to be considered in the process of airport planning and development. These factors are such as; imposed legislations, political and social role of airport, environmental issues, airport financing and marketing, airport security etc. Two airports, which are taken into consideration here, are Manchester Airport and Gatwick Airport. Both airports are situated in United Kingdom country. This report includes different factors by considering both Manchester Airport and Gatwick Airport as well. It discusses four major areas, which should be considered at the time of airport development and planning.
For this report, the selected airports are Manchester Airport and Gatwick Airport, which are based in different states of United Kingdom. Both of these airports are the well-established and international airports. The major reason for selecting these two airports is that both are the major international airports and busiest airports in the country. Manchester Airport is an international airport that is located in Manchester, England. This airport is the third busiest airport in the country in terms of number of travelers. It covers the area of 560 hectares and flies the planes to more than 200 destinations.
Moreover, another airport is Gatwick Airport in United Kingdom that is also an international airport in Southeast England. It is also on second rank in the busiest airports in the country by the number of total passengers (Ashford, Coutu & Beasley, 2013). In the list of European airports, Gatwick is the 8th busiest airport. According to the figures of 2016, approximately 43.1 million travelers passed through this airport, which was increased by 7.1% in comparison to last year. Both the airports have both social and political impact on the communities and country. In the below paragraphs, the development and planning of airports is assessed by considering different areas;
In the airport master plan, the airport authority should include different areas and concepts, like; social and political factors, environmental factors, airport security, legislation imposed in the state etc. In the development and planning, they need to have an effective infrastructure that allows in minimizing the inconvenience for passengers and offers reliable and fast baggage systems (De Neufville, 2016). With the increase in the traffic at airport, they require making sure that each and every system is enough flexible to fulfill the requirements in future.
Airport Security includes the methods and techniques, which are used for protecting the staff, planes and passengers from crime, malicious harm, accidents and other issues. The security of airport includes a combination of materials and human resources to protect the civil aviation over illegal interference. Illegal interference can include the threat to property and life, bombing, terrorism and communication of false challenges etc. The airports should have the infrastructure to offer the effective operations with security and safety (Halpern & Regmi, 2013).
In United Kingdom, Gatwick airport is safeguarded by the Sussex Police in Gatwick district. It is accountable for handling all the circumstances in airport. There are more than 150 officers, which are attached with this district. The airport district securities man portable surface to air missiles by guarding in and around the airport. Entrance to the airside is maintained and controlled by the security team of airport, i.e. regulated by Department for Transport, whereas, the security at Manchester Airport is provided by Greater Manchester Police and Manchester Airport Fire Service (Jarach, 2017). In the recent years, various security incidents have happened at this airport. For example, in the 2005, state’s police used a taser on a person, who was found acting suspiciously on the apron. Thus, the police and security team is always active at these airports and handling the issues and security-related incidents. When European Commission DG MOVE starts to plan about the development of airport, they should ensure that the airports have considerable security and protection from accidents and malicious harm. There should be a security team with the armed officers and community officers, who can handle the minor offences.
Under the process of airport planning and development, the regulations and legislation change according to the functions and ownership of airport. These requirements consist of major development plans and master plans. The authorities need to develop a legal framework, which will be imposed on the aviation industry and airports (Le Blond, Budd & Ison, 2016). The legal framework is for the approval and maintenance of licenses in several aviation related laws, regulations and other sources. There are some specific securities, which regulate the operations of airports, like; Secretary of State for Transport’s makes the legislative decisions regarding Manchester Airport that this airport should remain to be designated under section 40 of Airports Act, 1986. As both the airports are located in different states of United Kingdom, so that both are regulated by The Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) (Taneja, 2017).
According to the Civil Aviation Act 2012, the airports need to take approval and licenses before establishment. Gatwick Airport is also regulated under an economic regulation license, which is issued by the Civil Aviation Authority. Other authorities and bodies, which affect the operations of Gatwick airport, are Department of Transport and the Airport Commission (Michaelides-Mateou & Mateou, 2016). In the country, Department for Transport is accountable for developing aviation policy for UK airports. In the year 2004, the Government in UK has published its national policy for the aviation industry. The government analyzed that travel by air is necessary to the economy of United Kingdom and constant wealth (Miyoshi & Rietveld, 2015).
Thus, if the authority plans to establish new airports, first it should create a legal framework, which can be imposed on them. The owners need to take licenses and approval from the authorities. It is very important to consider the laws and regulations for eliminating the issues of illegal use of resources and mistreatment with the passengers (Woodley, Charles, 2014).
Airports have a significant environmental impact on the country and society. These have negative effect on the environment. According to various reports, the contribution of airports to the environmental issues at domestic and international level is significant. Major environmental issues may result from the airline operations, airport operations, airport access and different construction projects in the airside location. On international scale, airports have a huge impact on global atmosphere in context of changes in climate. At domestic level, noise is the major concern over few years. Other than this, some other issues are like; Waste management, air emissions, resource availability, ecosystems, effective use of land (Wilke, Majumdar & Ochieng, 2014). These components are creating issues, which are directly connected with the communities. Both the airports are affecting the environment in UK. The emission from the airlines is the major pollutant, which is influencing the environment negatively. Now, Manchester Airport is implementing various methods for reducing the environmental issues, thus it contributing in the benefits of environment and community. The impact of airports on environment in UK can be understood by looking at the below table;
|
Environmental Impacts |
Airport Operations |
Operations of airlines |
Airport access |
Construction project |
|
Noise Climate Change Air Pollution Use of Water Biodiversity Water Pollution Wastage |
ü ü ü ü ü ü |
ü ü ü ü ü ü |
ü ü ü ü ü |
ü ü ü ü ü |
Thus, the table states how the airports and their related aspects impact the environment and its components.
It is very true that airports play social and political roles in the country. For airport management, it is very important to ensure that it is engaged in offering social and political benefits to the country (Kirschenbaum, 2013). Airports play a vital role in shaping the social and political landscape for the communities, which they are serving. In United Kingdom, Manchester Airport and Gatwick Airport has various organizations, which are extremely interested in their business operations and they are enhancing and safeguarding these airports due to their contribution to national air transportation system and their value and benefits to the society and people they cater.
The major objective of these organizations is to offer the political support for their reasons with the expectations to affect the state and domestic laws and regulations, which are concerned with the aviation and airport operations in their favor. Currently, Manchester is engaging in the social responsibility activities and offering various benefits to the society and local community. The major objectives of these airports are to establish good will and positive image for the airports and their operations (Kimura & Geitebruegge, 2016). It is offering various benefits to its employees, like; rewards, bonus, incentives and fringe benefits. If the airport plays an effective role in the benefits of society, then it will be able to increase its traffic of passengers. Airports are developing effective relationships between government and society. The people will get attracted by looking at their corporate social responsibility efforts. Before developing and planning for airports, the authorities need to consider the possible social and political impacts of these airports (Stewart & Mueller, 2014).
Conclusion
Airport planning is the key for determining what facilities need to be provided and developing the process for offering these services in timely manner. Before creating an airport development plan, the authorities and bodies need to understand some factors, which may impact the growth of airports. The above report includes different areas in context of Manchester Airport and Gatwick Airport. Both airports are the busiest airports in United Kingdom. These factors include, such as; social and political role of airport, possible environmental issues, airport security and imposed legislation. There are various agencies in United Kingdom, which are working for the development of these airports. Authorities should consider these areas for developing new airports as they have a large impact on society, environment and local communities. Thus, it is very important to create master airport development plan, so that it can run it effectively and successfully.
References
Ashford, N., Coutu, P., & Beasley, J. (2013). Airport operations.
De Neufville, R. (2016). Airport systems planning and design. Air Transport Management: An International Perspective, 61.
Halpern, N., & Regmi, U. K. (2013). Content analysis of European airport websites. Journal of Air Transport Management, 26, 8-13.
Jarach, D. (2017). Airport marketing: Strategies to cope with the new millennium environment. Routledge.
Kimura, T., & Geitebruegge, N. (2016). Addressing uncertainty in airport forecasting and planning. ITF Round Tables, 49-72.
Kirschenbaum, A. A. (2013). The cost of airport security: The passenger dilemma. Journal of Air Transport Management, 30, 39-45.
Le Blond, P., Budd, L., & Ison, S. (2016). Airport Planning and Development in South East England: Policies, Personalities, and Procrastination. In Transportation Research Board 95th Annual Meeting (No. 16-2002).
Michaelides-Mateou, S., & Mateou, A. (2016). Flying in the face of criminalization: the safety implications of prosecuting aviation professionals for accidents. Routledge.
Miyoshi, C., & Rietveld, P. (2015). Measuring the equity effects of a carbon charge on car commuters: A case study of Manchester Airport. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 35, 23-39.
Stewart, M. G., & Mueller, J. (2014). Cost-benefit analysis of airport security: Are airports too safe?. Journal of Air Transport Management, 35, 19-28.
Taneja, N. K. (2017). Simpli-Flying: optimizing the airline business model. Routledge.
Woodley, Charles (2014). Gatwick Airport: The first 50 years. Stroud, UK: The History Press.
Wilke, S., Majumdar, A., & Ochieng, W. Y. (2014). Airport surface operations: A holistic framework for operations modeling and risk management. Safety Science, 63, 18-33.
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