From the early ages, annual carnivals and fairs have been a source of entertainment and business opportunities for locals as well as traveling merchants all around the world. These fairs have been around in every part of the world in different forms. In many major towns there were designated areas dedicated for these carnivals and were called “fairgrounds”. With the passage of time the concept of fairgrounds was developed into a spot of relaxation and comfort for nobles and royals of Europe.
Finally, during the 17th century, the idea of pleasure parks was introduced across Europe. These pleasure parks were the initial idea of a permanent site open to public.
In 1853 the first international exposition took place in New York City. This exposition offered a new form of outdoor entertainment that included both technology and transportation. This idea of outdoor entertainment was best represented during the 1893 Chicago World Fair, where the whole fair was designed to mimic a city, hosting 400 buildings constructed of temporal materials.
The Chicago Exhibition introduced a new wave of entertainment as it brought unification of architecture and landscape revolving around a specific theme.
During the 20th century, people of working class were gifted with a reduction of working hours in their schedule which resulted in more leisure time. In 1895 Coney Island, New York, was opened to the public which introduced a new form of relaxation and entertainment to the middle class. This also gave birth to a competition among different spots which gave birth to amusement industry.
During the late 20th century, parks started to include the use of cinema. This was first done by Universal Studios in 1915. They understood that the elements that make the cinema production company fascinating can be used to attract visitors and movie buffs if the replicas of movie studios are made available as an exhibition to the public. In 1955, Walt Disney used America’s interest in films and transformed cinema into a fair format.
“People are looking for illusions; they don’t want the world’s realities. And I asked, where do I find the world of illusions?….. Only one place-the movies” (Walt Disney).
AIM:
The aim is to research and develop a plan for an amusement park that contains all the necessary elements to provide a peaceful, harmonious and entertaining venue to the people of Rohri and its surroundings that also highlights the ambience of river Indus and portrays the culture of Mehran Valley.
The primary objective of this project is to develop a recreational facility that contribute to environmental sustainability and incorporates natural and unique ecological features into the park that supports opportunities for active and passive recreational activities that are accessible, safe and easy to maintain for the long term.
A place with abundant exposure to nature has psychological benefits, can improve mental health, and alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Spending time in nature causes relief from mental fatigue, leading to a reduction in aggression hence decreasing crime and leading to safer locality.
Heritage sites that are close by, such as Sateen Jo Aastan, will attract a lot more visitors.
Various studies prove that there is a direct link between built environment and overall physical, social and economic state of any community. Densely populated concrete jungles not only create urban heat islands but also adversely affect our physical and psychological health.
The basic concept behind my research was to highlight the vast chances our local environment offers us to include it in our life and make it much more comfortable and enjoyable.
So in order to start appreciating the priceless advantages we can take from nature I intend to conduct this research and offer the people of this region a place where they can truly connect to the spirit of nature and can come and wash off the work fatigue with their family and friends.
The research is going to be done through various sources and methods. The literature survey from different books, articles, publications, manuals, study reports, case study and web resources etc of various scholars will be carried out to understand the subject methodologies, approaches, tools and techniques. All in all there will be:
Rohri city is located on the East bank of river Indus directly across Sukkur city which is the third largest city of Sindh. It has a population of 224,362 and if added with population of Sukkur, this number exceeds 800,000. Due to landmarks like Lansdowne bridge and historical spots like Sateen Jo Aastan shrine, Sadhu Bela and ruins of Arore it is already a place of attraction for tourists. An amusement park at the bank of river Indus will not only be welcome form of recreation for locals but will also increase the number of tourists to the area and boost the economy and employment rate of the locality.
Parks and recreation services are often cited as one of the most important factors in surveys of how livable communities are. Just as water, sewer, and public safety are considered essential public services, parks are vitally important to establishing and maintaining the quality of life in a community, ensuring the health of families and youth, and contributing to the economic and environmental well-being of a community and a region. There are no communities that pride themselves on their quality of life, promote themselves as a desirable location for businesses to relocate, or maintain that they are environmental stewards of their natural resources, without such communities having a robust, active system of parks and recreation programs for public use and enjoyment.
Bank of river Indus at Rohri is a prime location for such a spot for the people of the region. It can be a great addition to all the other attractions the area has to offer and will not only serve the general public but will also create numerous job opportunities as well.
Tourism is the movement of people from one place to the other usually not for the purpose of making money but for pleasure. In his own view, Scott (2005) defined Tourism as the leisure/recreational experience par excellence in that it enables a temporary escape from the centre, which nevertheless remains of peripheral significance. For tourism to have taken place there must have been displacement of individual(s) (movement), exchange of cash, and satisfactory or unsatisfactory experience based on what the tourism location must have offered the individual(s). Although most tourists itineraries are inclined towards religious tourism and hospitality industry but it is noteworthy that Amusement Park as an aspect of tourism has not been neglected. There have been various classifications of tourism by various scholars. Onwumah (2011) opines that tourism classification is as follows;
Amusement park comes under leisure or recreational tourism as tourist’s visit amusement park just for leisure. Amusement parks are capital-intensive, highly developed, independent recreational areas which invariably charge an entrance fee from visitors (Encyclopedia of Tourism, 2010). Parks could be classified into theme park, amusement parks, recreational parks and national park.
Olawuyi Olakunle Shakur Centre for Sustainable Development University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Jimoh Sikiru Abiola Africa Regional Centre for Information Science University of Ibadan, Nigeria.Bukola Olorunniyi Centre for Sustainable Development University of Ibadan, Nigeria.ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY
Technology is leading the major changes in the amusernent park industry. Formica and Olsen, (1998) reveals that it seems to offer a solution to many of the challenges that this industry is currently facing, such as health and safety, labor shortages, distribution channels, management control, managerial decision support, product improvement, and energy conservation. Roller coaster and other high-risk rides have seen reduced probabilities of accidents by computer-controlled equipment. Computers are facilitating the solution of technical problems reducing the need for on-site staff assistance.
Reproduction of motion picture characters, such as the dinosaurs of Jurassic Park, is vastly facilitated by the help of computer assisted technology. Smart card systems are being extensively used by an increasing number of amusement parks, their versatility allows for saved time and more organizational efficiency. The card is multipurpose and acts as a cash register, time clock and debit card, which are used by both employees and visitors.
Chisty, Kazi. (2006). Amusement Parks in Bangladesh: Visitors Evaluation, Published in the Journal of Business Studies. Journal of Business Studies, South East University. Volume. II.URBAN PARKS AND THEIR IMPORTANCE:
Urban parks are one of the most important components of cities and they have had an evolving role in the life of city residence. This role has ranged from relief the city to the mediator between humans and nature. This report presents the findings of a major literature review relating to benefits of urban parks. The review considers material from sources that include peer-reviewed literature, library and internet. The results of the study revealed the benefits of urban parks in four categories. Environmental Benefits including Ecological Benefits, Pollution Control, Biodiversity and Nature Conservation. Economic Benefits including Energy Savings, Urban parks and water management, Property Value. Social and Psychological Benefits including Recreation and Wellbeing, Human Health and Tourism actually Reducing Crime. Planning and design, including perceptions of green space, aesthetic values, the planning and design of green space.
Mohammad Mehdi Sadeghian* and Zhirayr Vardanyan Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
The perception that someone has of an urban green space can significantly affect whether they use that space, contribute to the collective opinion that a community has of such a space and shape the wider community’s image of urban green spaces. This image can be as important as the reality in deciding whether people will make use of these areas.
Focus groups of both users and non-users from the under represented groups considered what would be in their ideal urban green space. The most frequently mentioned component was vegetation, followed by water, play opportunities, comforts like seating, toilets and shelters, good access – particularly an issue for people with disabilities – sport, and events. Refreshments of a good quality and reasonable price, environmental quality issues such as litter bins, lighting and vandalism, and specific features such as sculptures and mazes were also mentioned. Animals were considered to be important for children, opportunities for wheeled activities were desired by women and young people while the presence of identifiable and approachable staff, was also a feature of the ideal urban green space. People with disabilities mentioned sensory stimulation and dog issues were also mentioned, but far less than in the telephone survey of non-users.
Overall it is clear that the improvements that people want to see in urban green spaces are related to: good design and management, focused on meeting people’s needs, overcoming barriers to use and providing a high quality and varied experience for the whole range of different groups in the community as a whole. People showed considerable awareness of the needs of others and wanted the ideal green space to be inclusive – a space for all.
Nigel Dunnett, Carys Swanwick and Helen Woolley Department of Landscape, University of Sheffield Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions: London
. In the field of improvement of urban areas of General use, it is important to study the environmental problems of urban water bodies and to ensure the necessary level of sanitary maintenance and improvement of the water bodies themselves and the surrounding area. This article investigates the ecological state of the city pond in the park of Nakhabino in the Moscow region. At the moment, the condition of the pond is unsatisfactory in terms of both improvement and sanitary-hygienic and aesthetic condition. The purpose of the work is to analyze the existing negative environmental factors on the example of a water body, as well as to offer an option of ecological reconstruction and further safe operation. To achieve this goal, the analysis of available literature sources was carried out, a visual survey of the water body located in the Park was carried out. The article presents a description of the area of the pond and the Park, identified and listed the negative, influencing the contamination of pond and water quality factors. The necessary types of works on improvement and sanitary cleaning of the bowl of the pond and the coastal area are listed. As a result of a comprehensive analysis of the ecological status of the pond, a model of the pond named after Karbyshev in Nakhabino was created, a version of its ecological reconstruction was proposed. The model is presented at the Moscow youth exhibition. The conducted research has a certain practical value. Subsequently, it is planned to present the project of ecological reconstruction of this water body for its reconstruction to the territorial authorities.
Yekaterina Plyusnina* and Aleksandra Ostiakova Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Yaroslavskoe shosse, 26, Moscow, 129337, Russia
Decreasing green spaces is a significant concern in today’s compact cities while they provide various dimensions of sustainability; therefore, sustainable development has become the key idea to solve a series of environmental, economic and social problems. Because urban green space can be seen from different distinct disciplinary perspectives, the study reviews theories and material based on multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches. renewal accompanied by a green vision, to insert more plantable spaces into the urban environment. Therefore, sustainable urban planning, design and management are needed to improve urban greening by innovative and creative strategies.
MEHDI RAKHSHANDEHROO1,2, MOHD JOHARI MOHD YUSOF 1, ROOZBEH ARABI3, RASUL JAHANDARFARD2
1 Faculty of Design and Architecture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43300 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
2 Department of Architecture, Beyza Branch, Islamic Azad University, Beyza, Iran
3 Department of Architecture, Khomein Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomein, Iran
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