According to Sharma & Chaudry (2011), subjects in books are frequently imaginary and the themes are presented in a fantasy or dream-like quality. The story of Pinocchio is set in a magical version of Italy in an unidentified past. Collodi (1883) tells the story of Pinocchio’s journey to earn the love of his father. The story centres around the transformation Pinocchio from a mischievous wooden puppet to a good boy. He spends his childhood wanting to become a human, Pinocchio is misguided by people he encounters and runs away from home. Through his misadventures, he learns how defiant and naïve he had been. Finally, his compassion and gratefulness help him to overcome his misguided decisions.
The structure of the story precedes that of the folk tales of the peasants who endeavour out in the world unaware of the ridiculous situation of the Industrialisation of Italy (Bettella 2004). The book is considered to be the canonical piece of children literature and poses a great impact of the culture of the world (Collodi and Huertas, 1959).
The story of Pinocchio begins with an old woodcarver Geppetto who had carved a puppet and had named it Pinocchio, but the doll did not behave very well. He would take of his wig, rush through the house, due to which the old Geppetto threatened him and grabbed his nose. As a result Geppetto ended up in prison due to mistreating a child. But Geppetto wished that if the has to be a real boy, and then he has to be good. Pinocchio was famous of telling a lie due to which his nose grew longer. Because of his offensive character of lying every now and then, he often gets in to trouble (Collodi and Huertas, 1959). However Pinocchio undergoes metamorphosis in to a good human being as he had promised the Fairy with the Turquoise hair, to become a real boy. He flees to the land of toys with Candlewick, becomes donkey, joins a circus and becomes a puppet again. Finally, Pinocchio stops being a puppet and turns in to a real boy owing to the good deeds done by him and the due to the telling of truth (Collodi and Huertas, 1959).
Mischievous, naughty , and full of tricks, the puppet Pinocchio caused trouble for his creator, Geppetto, almost as soon as he comes to life. Yet, more than anything, The wooden puppet wants to become a real boy. To make his dreams come true, he must prove himself worthy. Come along on Pinocchio’s adventurous journey as he learned—the hard way—what it means to be kind, honest, and most of all, human.
One of the negative view of the classic literature is that some of writing style are not suitable for younger children readers ( Pinset 2014) it is important to match the needs of the children to the level of the book (ibid) . The writing style are easy to read, and it is especially designed for level- two readers ( USborne English Readers) Young readers are attracted to the simplicity of the vocabulary of the book ( Pinset, 2014).
Pinocchio present important moral lessons for children; for example: telling lies is not prudent.
The main character in this story is Pinocchio, a puppet made of wood by Gepetto. When he was made, Geppetto had problems with him. His nose grew more and more, no matter how many times Geppetto shortened it. He ran from home, but before that he killed the cricket who only wanted to give him well-meaning advice. When he found himself without his father Geppetto, he realized hunger was. At first, he is selfish, thinking only of himself. He saw what it means to be generous when his father sold his coat in the dead of winter just to buy him his school book. He learns something good from every accident, instead of listening to the elder. However, in the end, he changes and becomes a good and noble boy who treats his family members with respect.
He is over 100 years old, and is very wise. When he tries to teach Pinocchio the value of being a good son and that he reminds Pinocchio that good boy means have to study and hard work patience, and respect, Pinocchio doesn’t want to listen, so he throw the cricket with a piece a wood. The Talking Cricket comes back at the end of the tale, so that he can reinforce the importance of kindness and courtesy to Pinocchio, who is at the end of the story is regretful of his previous actions.
The Blue Fairy, also called ‘the Lovely Maiden with Azure Hair’, is Pinocchio’s savior In either case, she is a beautiful, ethereal creature who is kind. She changes her form throughout the story in order to test Pinocchio. For example, The Blue Fairy has magical powers with which she can grant wishes and make animals follows her order.
Some of the situations and the concepts that have been addressed in this story- are the long nose that is commonly attributed to those individuals who tells lies (Collodi and Huertas, 1959).
There are many antagonists in Pinocchio’s tale. The first scoundrels Pinocchio encounters are Fox and Cat. The fox and the cat are greedy animals who pretend to be lame and blindly respectively. They eventually rob Pinocchio and tried to hand him. The falcon is the one that helps the fairy with blue hair rescue Pinocchio. The green fisherman-who had caught hold of Pinocchio and had tried to eat him up (Book reports, 2017).
It has to be remembered that one cannot pour knowledge in to the children. For the young children, they should construct it themselves; hence it is the book cover that arouses the motivation in the children to read the book (Zipes 2013). Although all the fictious characters in the story book is far from the reality, yet the main imperatives of the story is to work, good and study (Bettella 2004).
In this story the character transformations are accompanied by parallel events in the story. The transformations in the characters in the story affect the adult and the child reader due to separate model of competence (Batra 2013). The transformations in the story help to provide information about the truths in the story without any imperious delivery (Mana et al. 2014).
In this context Pinocchio’s offensive behaviour is meant to be seen as a protagonist character and serves as a warning for the children (Book reports, 2017). One of the important aspects of this book is that Collodi uses a sequence of transformation events as cues to make the children get an idea about the climax, before the child directly explores the truth (Mana et al. 2014). For example the transformation of the ‘ Blue fairy’, where she was described to be the kindest of fairies (Stangl et al. 2013) . Hence, in this description the narrator easily transforms the lifeless ghost in to fantastic characters, where she could command the magnificent characters to save Pinocchio (Book reports, 2017). At last when the blue fairy dies, Pinocchio transforms in to a child due to his original grief and the “good heart” (Stangl et al. 2013).
In order to attract the young readers, Collodi used cues language as tools such that young readers are able to draw conclusion before the truth is revealed. Children could identify the language of the characters for recognising the villains in the disguise of the well intentioned characters (Bettella 2004). It should be remembered that the adults look for different truths in this book than those they would anticipate the children would notice, hence the message of the temperance that is appeared to be addressed to the children is also directed towards the adults (Zipes 2013).
Pinocchio can be chosen as an effective story for instructing the children as it employs the transformation of the characters as a rhetorical device for encouraging the children to come up with their own conclusions (Bettella 2004). Adults who would go deeper inside the text would understand that Collodi had criticised the adults for their child like qualities like lack of temperance. Collodi had introduced some character transformation such that the adults can find identifying more unreal characters like talking cricket. The story asserts that adults in the real world need to mature and grow up just as their children (Bettella 2004).
It has to be remembered that children books provides a magnificent mixture of the magic and reality. This story can also be used for analysing the development of a child. Jean Piaget developed the model of the cognitive theory of the development. During this first stage , the children literature offers a pleasant experience with the books (Mana et al. 2013). Tactile books having rhythmic sounds can be entertaining to the children of this age. As per the next step; the preoperational stage, the children starts developing the logic. Pinocchio is appropriate for the people of this age as books containing talking animals and the animated machines (Saxe 2015).
One of the stages Erikson’s Psychosocial Development is the initiative versus guilt and occurs when a child starts to explore her /his own independence and overcome the doubts. Imaginative books with stories help the children to understand the roles and the emotions, Stories that aid to develop a better understanding for this age group Industry Vs. inferiority at age of seven to eleven (Shamir et al. 2013). In this age, stories help them to develop a proper understanding of themselves. Hence, it can be said that Pinocchio is a very good childhood story that involves real life scenarios in the lens of imaginative characters
References
Batra, S., 2013. The psychosocial development of children: implications for education and society—Erik Erikson in context. Contemporary Education Dialogue, 10(2), pp.249-278.
Bettella, P., 2004. Pinocchio and Children Literature. Quaderni d’italianistica, 25, pp.3-8.
Collodi, C. and Huertas, A., 1959. The Adventures of Pinocchio. Grosset & Dunlap.
Mana, N., Mich, O., De Angeli, A. and Druin, A., 2013, June. Interactive e-books for children. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children(pp. 593-595). ACM.
Saxe, G.B., 2015. Culture and cognitive development: Studies in mathematical understanding. Psychology Press.
Shamir, A., Korat, O. and Fellah, R., 2012. Promoting vocabulary, phonological awareness and concept about print among children at risk for learning disability: can e-books help?. Reading and Writing, 25(1), pp.45-69.
Stangl, A., Kim, J. and Yeh, T., 2014, June. 3D printed tactile picture books for children with visual impairments: a design probe. In Proceedings of the 2014 conference on Interaction design and children (pp. 321-324). ACM
Zipes, J., 2013. Happily ever after: Fairy tales, children, and the culture industry. Routledge.
Book reports, (2017).Pinocchio. Access date: 11.11.2018. Retrieved from: https://www.bookreports.info/pinocchio-summary/
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