Task 1
1. During the meeting with the family member you must analyse concepts of health, disability, and illness and behaviour in relation to users of health and social care.
2. Your objective also during the meeting is to reassure the family members by assessing and discussing with them how perceptions about specific needs have changed.
3. Finally in you meeting you must analyse the impact of past and present legislations, social policies, society and culture on the ways that services are made available for individuals such as Mr Holland Park.
Task 2
1. You should analyse the different care needs that will be given and is available to Mr. Holland Park.
2. You should also explain current systems for supporting Mr Holland Park that are available to help their father meet his demands and specific needs.
3. Lastly, in your discussion, you should evaluate the local services available to their father to support him and the family.
Task 3
1. explain the approaches and intervention that was used to support Mr Holland Park’s specific needs and those of other service user in your care home.
2. Secondly, you must evaluate the effectiveness of intervention strategies used for Mr Holland Park and also to other service users with specific needs.
3. Finally, the auditor is interested to learn about emerging developments in the area of service users with specific needs. Discuss the potential impact of emerging developments for support with specific needs.
Task 4
Understand strategies for coping with challenging behaviours associated with specific needs.
The various concepts associated with the health, behavior, disability and illness of persons with or without specific needs are being discussed in this section of the report:
Health – The state of physical, mental and social well being of a person is collaboratively termed as the health of that individual. The evaluation of heath condition takes into account the capabilities of a person in performing the various regular activities, besides considering the access of the individual to proper recreation and/ or vocation.
Disability – Those impaired physical, mental and/ or social conditions of a person that puts restrictions on the way he or she would led a normal life and gain access to the basic necessities of life are termed as the disabilities of a person.
Illness – The physical and/ or mental disabilities of an individual that forces physical impairment for a short to a very prolonged period of time are known as illness of the person.
Behavioral issues – The sudden and significant change in the behavior and attitude of an individual, which might be indicative of various mental health issues, are known as behavioral issues of that person (Forrest, 1996).
The particular sections of the populations who have learning disabilities and/ or issues related with the retention of memory are generally considered as people who have specific needs. Such portion of the population can be considered as a heterogeneous group in context to their specific disabilities, the degrees of their disability and various problems associated with it, their age and /or typical health conditions (Fox, 1998).
Previously, the government of the United Kingdom used to run hospitals for the purpose of providing specific needs to those people who have been subjected to prolonged mental and/ or physical disabilities. However, the quality of treatment available at these hospitals started deteriorating as more and more people became aware of the services and decided to access them. At a certain point of time, the conditioned worsened so much that government decided to put an end to the system.
The professional employees who used to work in these hospitals were absorbed by various specialized work communities which provided services to that section of the population with specific needs. As these work communities provided specialized care to each specific problem, the effectiveness of the treatment increased through this process and it was possible to bring a larger section of the population under such health care system (Gravestock, 1996). The success of this system has been able to change the long existing perceptions of the common mass to that section of people who have specific needs.
LEGISLATION : At present, the following legislative provisions ensure that proper health and/ or social care services are available to the people with specific needs:
Health Act 1999: ensure that the social and/ or health care services providers will be able to independently maintain their own budgets, will be able integrate the services provided by them and develop the arrangements of various leading commissions.
Personal Health Budgets: An initiative taken by the government of the country for enhancing the quality of the social care provided to the adults. Using this policy, the patients are able to claim the charges of their respective health care providers from the government.
SOCIAL POICY: Trusts have been founded for the provision of care to the adults and children and at present there are more than 10 organizations who are working in this domain.
SOCIETY: The society plays very important role in the way a person When the persons with specific needs are excluded from the society because of their illness and/ or no so proper attitudes, the health conditions of these persons worsen further. The social rights of such people to receive proper and dignified treatment and compassion are ensured by the various legislative laws introduced by the government (Bradshaw, 2000).
CULTURE: Unfortunately many such cultural factors still exist in our society which results in discriminatory attitude towards specific races. Adult persons are often discriminated due to the color of their skin and or their ethnicity, all the while making more and more vulnerable to various mental disorders. Even various social and/ or health care service providers discard patients due to such discriminatory attitudes. Such long existing discriminations are the primary reasons behind the physical and mental abuse that the elderly people often have to experience, leaving them in isolated situations.
Figure: The Heath and Care System of UK, as published in the Department of Health Journal 2013
According to the information provided by his family, Mr. Park has disabilities regarding his vision and hearing, besides having challenging behavior. However, according to the primary investigations, his challenging behavior is just an indication of the suffering he experiences due to his disabilities (Mansell, 1994).
The following course of treatment procedure has been devised for him:
A thorough investigation of his health conditions and associated behavioral issues.
A two way treatment process so as to treat his physical disabilities along with the behavioral issues that he had been projecting.
Therapy sessions for his anger management issues.
Constant communication with him regarding his health issues.
Required medication under the supervision of medical experts.
The various domain experts whose collaboration would be necessary for this process are: the social workers, occupational therapists, community nurses, physiologists and psychiatrists.
Figure: The Care Provider Network
Various systems have been introduced by the government so as to support those individuals who have specific needs, some of which are being discussed in the following section:
Community Engagement: The trust care commissioners are primarily responsible for the engagement of local communities about the health and social care requirements of people with specific needs (Dean, 1996). The government has provided the responsibility of maintain a close relationship with the local authorities, voluntary organizations and/or other such agencies on the trust care commissioners, so as to develop strategies for the improvement of the well being of the local communities.
The framework model strategized for Health Promotion: This particular model serves the following purposes:
Promotion, protection and improvement of the health of the general mass.
Making sure that the best health care strategies are practiced.
Maintenance of a strategy of value for money so that the services are available at conservative pricing.
The United Kingdom has various policies and strategies that are applicable in the sectors of the social and/ or health care services of the general population. The National Healthcare Services or the NHS is the primary system that has been implemented in order to make such care systems available to those individuals who have specific needs.
The National Health Care services provide various services in the under-mentioned domains:
Emergency care unit
General practitioner services
Services related dental procedures
Services related to various mental health issues
Various hospital services
Services related to eye care and so on and so forth.
The NHS projects make various services available to the people which can be used under numerous emergency and nonemergency medical conditions. The NHS111 is one such service which the users of this system frequently exploit in order to talk directly to trained doctors and/ or other medical practitioners in case of medical emergencies that are not life threatening. The walk in centers that are run by the department of national health care services can also be used to treat minor injuries and / or illnesses. Another helpful tool available under this set of services is the ‘symptom checker’, which is an online application that can be assessed by the users of the system for evaluating their own health conditions.
This particular project also makes sure that various social care services are available to the citizens of the country. The various types of social care support that are available through the NHS projects are respite breaks, equipments and / or homecare workers. In order to access these services, the users need to assess their requirements with the help of the local authority of social care services department.
Last but not the least, the NHS projects provides assistance and care to the aged and neglected vulnerable adults.
The various approaches and interventions that should be made available to Mr. Holland Park have been highlighted in this section:
The primary approach that is to be taken is to provide encouragement to the patient himself such that accepts the facilities that are being provided to him in order to improve hic conditions.
Steps should be taken so as to remove the functional behavior and/ or attitude of the patient that area acting as obstacles in the way of his improvement (Carr, 2010).
Evidence based clinical practices, including appropriate medication and/ or therapies, have to be incorporated in his treatment regime.
Physical interventions – Holland Park should be subjected to proper exercise and therapy sessions which will be beneficial to his physical health.
Educational interventions – Mr. Holland Park should be furnished with all those documents which bear useful information regarding his own health conditions and the treatments that he is being subjected to. The availability of all these information will be helpful in reducing the anxiety and stress levels that the patient is going through because of his health.
Psychological interventions – The behavioral issues projected by the patient should be treated with psychological interventions that would restore a sense of positivity in him. The various effects of clinical depression like that of suicidal tendencies, anxiety and/ or changes in personality can be treated with this intervention (Wallcraft, 2011).
The various intervention strategies that have been prescribed for treating Mr. Holland Park sold be able to bring back the back his lost confidence on himself, which will be instrumental in improving his current conditions.
The process of physical intervention will be helpful in the process of restoration of his physical health. It is a well known fact that routine exercise and proper medication are beneficial in treating issues related with anxiety and anger: thus it can be said that the physical intervention will also be helpful towards the improvement of his mental conditions. The prescribed therapies will also provide huge help to his physical and mental health conditions.
It has been commented by his family members that Mr. Park is unable to carry out the various daily activities of life. The physical intervention session will help him to restore his physical strength such that he gains the confidence required to perform these activities.
The psychological intervention will provide mental strength and stimulation to the patient, which in turn will help the process initiated by the physical intervention. This specific intervention would act towards reducing the stress, depression and the anger issues of the patient.
The educational intervention will provide knowledge to the patient about his own health conditions, which will be helpful to him to understand the purpose of the treatment that he is undergoing. This knowledge transfer will be helpful in reducing the anxiety of the patient towards the treatment regime he is going through and will ensure his active participation in the process.
Various innovative ideas and methods have been introduced in the sector of health and/ or social care system by the Government of the United Kingdom in the past few years, some of which have been discussed below:
The Government of the United Kingdom has introduced this initiative under the NHS projects. This particular project aims at helping the general mass manage their care services as it suits to them.
The budget being mentioned in this initiative will be utilized to support the health and/ or social care need as identified by the user. The budget will be planned by an individual user in agreement with the NHS team of the locality. The project will be able to provide a greater control of an individual on the healthcare of services being availed, particularly in those cases where the patient is suffering from some chronic ailment and/ or some other disabilities.
The Personal health care budget system has been devised to work just the way various personal budgets are maintained by the common mass in order to manage the money they need to pay to their social care providers.
The Social Work Reform Board has been working towards the development of a framework of Professional which will be able to clearly indicate the level of knowledge, the skill set and the professional capacity of any social worker. In designing the framework, the board has proposed a set of nine capabilities which should be possessed by all social workers irrespective of the status of their working experience and/ or the domain of their expertise. The designed frame work will no doubt be instrumental in providing higher quality of health and/ or social care to those people who have specific needs.
A person mentally disable person projects various symptoms of his or her disability through uncooperative attitude, expression of temper tantrums, performing activities that might lead to self harm and feats of anger: these behavioral issues are collectively known ‘challenging behavior’ (Mansell, 1994). Such conditions generally rise from various physical and mental illnesses, drug and/ or alcohol abuse, learning disabilities, disability to retain memory, injuries to the brain and/or various physical impairments.
However, such challenging behavior might be considered as abusive and/ or unacceptable when they include the following sets of activities:
FIGURE: Various symptoms challenging behavior
Episodes of verbal abuses, like that of posing threats to others, acts of bullying and/ or making such comments that might be considered as racism.
Episodes of physical abuse like that of assaulting others
Activities that might lead to or are indicative of self harm.
Activities and/ or behavior that might be considered as destructive to others
Behavior or activities which are not legal.
Activities that might pose any harm to the environment and/ or to any property.
The various factors that have been recognized as being the background for challenging behavior include the following:
Any physical and/ or mental disability
Poor health
Anxiety related to sexuality
Fatigue and/ or pain, both physical and/ or mental
The influence of drugs and/ or alcohol
Long periods of disturbed sleep cycle
Various difficulties in learning processes
Certain wrong perceptions towards life and/or very great expectations from life and/ or own self.
Various psychological conditions which might include fear, anxiety, temperament issues, dependency on some person, sense of frustration and/ or loss.
Anxieties related to various social factors like that of ethnicity, relationship issues, and/ or cultural differences and much more.
The people who express various symptoms of challenging behavior often posses such characteristics which are not at all apprehensible by the common mass. Most of the times to prefer to remain in isolation and maintain no contact with their family members, friends and /or neighbors. It has been also noticed that very often the activities regarded as challenging behavior are associated with various problems associated with the retention of memory.
People who suffer from mental disabilities are often found to have problems while communicating with others, and such disabilities are one of the greatest factors behind their inability to carry on with their career. As a result of having no stable income, such people often require much more emotional and / or economical help from others. May of them also get addicted to alcohol and / or drug .
Sc people are often more vulnerable to various types of physical and mental abuses due to their mental conditions and disabilities. Te dependence on others is yet another reason behind the abuses that they face. Taking care of such adults is often very difficult for the care givers. The management of such patients creates enormous amount of stress in the care providers, who often are found to hurl abuses towards their patients due to impatience.
The care providers are often negatively affected due to the abusive behavior being committed by the patients:
The most significant risk factors of challenging behavior are being discussed in the following section:
Very often the caregivers express their inability to adapt to the behavior of their patients and complain of high stress levels induced by the abusive attitude of their patients.
The continuous high stress level often leads to depression in case of the care givers themselves. As the caregivers themselves lose patience and they themselves face periods of depression, the support that they used to provide to their patients deteriorate in both quality and quantity. The care givers themselves might at some point of time start abusing the patients.
As a result of this fiasco, the physical and/ or mental illness that the elderly patients have been suffering from increase manifold, thus increasing their characteristic physical and/ or verbal aggression. Such patients with prior history of domestic violence often experience periods of such aggression that they are excluded from the social circle.
Thus it can be said that the effects of challenging behavior are such that they can actually negatively affect the care giver system itself.
The various legislative and/ or social policies and methodologies and / or procedures implemented by the government and set of capabilities implemented by social work reform board make the employer of a social worker responsible for all the actions performed by the social worker. As the rules and/ or standards are nationalized, it is the responsibility of each and every social worker to abide by them.
The rules and regulations formulated by the government ensure that the employees associated with social and / or health care system fully apprehend the range of their responsibilities and act in accordance. The rules also make sure that the care givers are provided with proper training and / or developmental skills for those set of works that will be assigned to them. The care givers should have respects towards the rights of the users of the health care system and under no circumstances should behave in such a manner that could be derogatory towards the self respect of the users and/ or be harmful to their physical and/ or mental health. The council associated with social care system have laid down all these instructions in the
The legislative rules implemented by the government also put immense emphasis on the provision of extra help to those people who have very specific requirements. The legislative partnerships have ensured that with each passing day the services being provided to the users of health and/ or social care systems become more and more comprehensive, besides being more refined in terms of the quality services being provided. Such partnerships have immensely helped to build such principles and/or values that are shared across the service providers, agreement in various changes that previously existed in the policies, readiness of the sectors of health and/ or social care so as to in explore various innovative options to provide services, determination of the boundaries of each and every service being provided, agreement in the roles being played for purchasing services and providing them, proper identification of the resources required for services, and most importantly the policies of putting emphasis on the trust that the users have on the system and care givers.
However, it should also be kept in mind that the implementation of all these policies and guidelines are entirely in the hands the care givers. On the other hand the people having special requirements are often very dependent on the care givers for all their daily activities. Thus the care providers should act in a responsible manner while catering to the needs of people having specific requirements.
Bradshaw, R. (2000) ‘Preventing abuse of vulnerable adults’, The Journal of Adult Protection, vol 2, no 1, pp 35–38
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Carr, S., (2010) Enabling risk, ensuring safety: Self-directed support and personal budgets, Report 36, London: Social Care Institute for Excellence.
Dean, K., (1996). Using theory to guide policy relevant health promotion research. Health Promotion International, 11(1), 19-26
Fox, R. & Wade, E. (1998) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorders among adults with severe and profound mental retardation. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 19, 275– 280
Fiscella K, Franks P, Gold MR, Clancy CM.(2000). Inequality in quality: addressing socioeconomic, racial, and ethnic disparities in health care.
Forrest, J., Cambridge, P., et al (1996) Community support teams for people with learning disabilities and challenging behaviours: results of a national survey. Journal of Mental Health, 5, 395–406
Gravestock, S. & Bouras, N. (1996) Services for adults with learning disabilities and mental health needs. Psychiatric Bulletin, 19, 288–290
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Wallcraft J., and Sweeney A., (2011), User Involvement in Adult Safeguarding. SCIE Adults’ Services Report 47. Social Care Institute for Excellence.
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