With the rapid advancement of technology, every moment in one’s life is being is being affected by it; whether it is a moment of joy or moment of grief, technology has taken a toll on every such incident. This case study would be dealing with ICT (Information and Communication Technology) to capture grief bots and instances of the dead people. This particular technological aspect helps in connecting with the dead people. This discussion also takes into account the theoretical approach like Utilitarian, deontology, virtue and contract. Thus, technology is stepping up to help the people by providing emotional support in every way possible (“New technology is forcing us to confront the ethics of bringing people back from the dead”, 2018).
Theoretical approach: ICT
Utilitarian approach
Utilitarian theory is an ethical theory which segregates right from wrong along with concentrating on the outcomes; it is a type of consequentialism (“Utilitarianism – Ethics Unwrapped”, 2018). The Utilitarian approach manages the wide range population with wide range of approach. The grief bots basically concern itself with providing the emotional support to families and other individuals for their loss. This approach of grief bot provides emotional support to multiple person or individual.
The technology under this utilitarian approach is more concerned in treating every person equal. Here the first priority is given to the one who requires more emotional support than the person who requires less support (Raicu, 2018). This technology believes in connecting the dead to its own belongings rather than connecting them to their far-off relations. The reason behind this is the sense of belonging heights the happiness of the concerned person. The approach certainly receives positive vibes from the society because of its objective of spreading happiness by attaching the memory of dead to its belongings.
However, the utilitarian theory is unable to acquire the technology of grief bots since it is devoid of the future actions and also the human preferences and also some references concerning the emotional support and the people’s involvement. The theory is related to the actions and the sufferings where the proponents are defined to conform to the rules and then maximise the utility standards as well. The focus is on working towards the notions of maximising the happiness of an individual where the principle of utility highlights about giving pleasure with working on the specific rules. The preference is based on how to work with maximising the social utility which is based under the risks and uncertainty. The utilitarianism is an outdated psychology, but it highlights about how the grief bots are affecting the different people emotions every now and then.
Thus, the Utilitarian approach does provide equal rights and also the emotional support required by any individual when they losses anyone to death. This approach of griefbot can share a sense of happiness by connecting them to their lost relation.
Deontology theory
As the deontology theory concerns itself with judging the morality of actions and referring them to be either immoral or moral adhering to the rules and obligations. According to such concept, the actions are independent of consequences, even though they are labelled to be either moral or immoral actions. Unlike the Utilitarian theory which is dependent on consequences, this theory is considered to be independent of the consequences.
In this, the griefbots produce emotional support to the concern individual through the data collected and implanted software. The theory is ineffective to obtain the receiver’s weather which can either be better or worst. The situation can turn out to be worst if the concerned individual is unable to comply with the situation in favour of the dead one.
Therefore, for griefbot the deontology theory is considered favourable because it provides emotional support whenever and wherever it is required. However, there might be situations which can be unfavourable for griefbot for its actions.
The utilitarian approach can be distinguished from the deontological approach in the case that it has fairness and honesty being independent of consequences. The utilitarian theory is different from the deontological theory in the case that actions are usually right in proportions because they promote happiness whereas they are wrong when they produce reverse of happiness.
In the griefbot, the utilitarian theory usually produces results irrespective of it being good or bad whereas the deontological theory produces results that are produced in fair situation only. The consideration is about how the grief bots are directly subjective to the emotional support through the collection of data and then being implanted in the software. With this theory, there are inadequate procurements which are related to the receiver conditions. The consequences can be provide to be worsening the situations when the case of the candidate is ineffective to comply within emotional situation.
Virtue Theory
Unlike the Utilitarian theory and deontological theory, the virtue theory concerns itself with the character of the individual in regard of its ethics; the individuals must be aware of morality. The griefbot in relation to the virtue theory has difficulty in establishing the virtues especially for individual who are inclined towards using the technology. The virtue theory of ethics is important and emphasises on the possessor to identify about the different choices, values and the desires with perceptions. Here, the practical wisdom is acquired with the traits that enable the possessor to properly identify and work on a given situation. The virtue is relative to the wisdom, justice, and temperance that includes the courage, when the grief bots are coming with the face of fear.
The technology is concerned in providing valuable information and not characteristics of the traits, as the emotional support the cultures related to the dead person do not account to the characterisation of the dead person; as cultural acceptance is an altogether different issue.
Therefore, the virtue theory can take into consideration the both being for and against providing emotional support. For griefbot, the virtue theory is actually producing more than just positive and negative perceptions like the utilitarian and deontological theories.
Contract Theory
The legal agreements development that lies within situations that are considerable with information that is asymmetric along with factors that are unknown are rendered as the contract theory. According to the information available above, in order to manage the technology several considerations exist regarding the grief bots that are subjective of many agreements. The legal agreements are considered against the theory. The grief bots subjected do not have applicability for all the individuals that want to utilize its usage (Austin, 2017).
When the case of misleading information or misinformation arise that favour the grief Bot suing prospects, the breach of the theory of contract is considered against legal approaches and terms (Raicu, 2018). In addition, the theory of contract own the applicability of providing the negative consequences and appropriate factors of regarding the technology. Other than these factors, the theory of contract is also considered to give the grief bot to the actual individuals in need of the technology. When unpleasant activities take place with this technology that utilises the usage of grief bot are considered to be against the approach that is theoretical (Christensen, Nikolaev, & Wittenberg?Moerman, 2016).
Apart from the factors mentioned above, the theory persists in opposition to the prospects of providing the needy individuals against the requirement criteria. The societal aspects concerns have a realisation for the contract theory management that favour the utilization of the technology mentioned above. The negative factor of the breach of the contract theory includes reviving a dead person’s memories and to inculcate those with the individual with negative emotional disabilities (Driskell, 2017).
Conclusion
There are various conclusions that can be derived from the content that is mentioned above in this report. Four approaches being theoretical are theory of contract and virtue and deontology with utilitarian have been considered. The theories have been critically assessed in relation with the usage of this grief bots technology with alignment to all the theories mentioned. The approach of utilitarian is observed to attend the needs of the outcomes that are positive against procurement of applicants that are wider while the approach of deontology focuses on the procurement of the approaches that are correct for usage no matter the consequences of the utilization.
These factors prove that the theory of deontology is preferred over the utilitarian approach for the usage of grief bots. The theory of virtue against the theory of contract is dealing with the nature regarding the culture of the society that is affected through the utilization of the technology of the grief bot. The contract theory has a consideration regarding acceptance of the proper requirement of the individual apart from the mere usage of wrong and misleading information.
References
Austin, N. (2017). Normative Virtue Theory in Theological Ethics. Religions, 8(10), 211-231.
Christensen, H. B., Nikolaev, V. V., & Wittenberg?Moerman, R. E. G. I. N. A. (2016). Accounting information in financial contracting: The incomplete contract theory perspective. Journal of accounting research, 54(2), 397-435.
Driskell, D. (2017). Creating better cities with children and youth: A manual for
New technology is forcing us to confront the ethics of bringing people back from the dead. (2018).
participation. Abingdon: Routledge.
Raicu, I. (2018). AI, Death, and Mourning.
Raicu, I. (2018). AI, Death, and Mourning.
Utilitarianism – Ethics Unwrapped. (2018).
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