IT infrastructure has become a crucial and integral part of any organization. Organizations make use of IT infrastructure to conduct their basic activities, operations and also to cater to their customer needs. In order to analyze IT infrastructure in great detail, an organization has been taken into consideration. For the purpose of discussion, Countdown in New Zealand has been selected. Countdown is a full-service supermarket chain; it is a subsidiary of Woolworths (Countdown, 2018). It was established in 1981 and has its headquarters based in Auckland, New Zealand. The Company currently has presented almost 180 stores across the country. It is one of the largest supermarket chains in New Zealand. The Company employs over 18,000 people. It operates within the retail segment with its major products being groceries and consumer goods. The Company caters to its customers by way of grocery stores, retail stores, single stores, and e-commerce store. The Company’s services include catering to customer needs and demands related to products.
The corporate vision of the Company is to be a leading retailer in New Zealand and grow sustainable supported by CSR objectives. The corporate mission statement of Countdown is to provide the best possible products and services in a responsible and sustainable manner. The corporate structure of the Company comprises a leading team headed by the Managing Director as depicted below;
Figure 1: Corporate Structure
Major business processes for the Company includes retailing and distributing of grocery, raw materials, and various other consumer products from its varied stores. The business of the Company is to intake varied finished products from manufacturers and distributors of products and then to sell them across various stores. The Company retails products across a wide range including groceries, cold drinks, frozen items, other edibles, cosmetics and so on. Business Strategy of the Company is to offer products at cost-effective rates. With the presence of Four Square, it’s competitor, the Company continuously aims at offering newer products to its customers and at a lower rate compared to its competitor. The Company also has its private label brands that offer quality products at cost-effective rates. The Company’s Corporate Social Responsibility endeavor enables it to undertake relationship development with external entities. The Company takes an effort to extend its responsibility so that it can contribute back to its customers and the society in general. The Company is also undertaking several health-oriented initiatives such that it can develop a relationship with the government. This initiative allows Countdown to raise fund for hospital wards across New Zealand so as to cater to small children. This initiative is underway for the 6th year and helps the government a lot in catering to child care in the country.
Countdown homepage URL: https://www.countdown.co.nz/
Information technology is based on different tools and applications. IT is necessary to control the operations of the whole company (Alsabawy, Cater-Steel & Soar, 2013). IT infrastructure is the collection of management throughout the company including human and technical capacity. Countdown’s IT infrastructure is based on coordinating functions amongst the various departments of the Company. IT infrastructure encompasses shared resources which enable the Company’s application of its information system applications. IT infrastructure encompasses investments across hardware, software, and services (Xu, Zhang & Barkhi, 2010).
This service includes a computer program used to provide data services, workers, customers and suppliers of digital TVs, including major equipment, repairs, tables and laptops, computers and non-hands-on computers and remote computers for accounting. Communication service providing video, voice and video content, employees, Clients, and Data Management Information Store that manages and manages the data of the company, which provides opportunities for data analysis (Chessell, Dring, Hopkins, Lojek, Winter & Yusuf, International Business Machines Corp, 2011). The application program, including online programs, provide business opportunities, such as a business plan, communication management, management of resources and the knowledge management system, which is shared by all sectors of the business in managing assets. Physical requirements for computation, communication, and data administration. Managing services for services and development of infrastructure is coordinated by use of IT operators. IT management costs and additional equipment for project management tools. Standards from businesses and businesses policy defining information technology information used (Banerjee, 2009). Modern technology that provides training on the use of the system and system personnel provides training for organizing and managing investments. Research and development of commercial research information technology with future IT and investment projects that will help the company. Repair information facilitates and Infrastructure investment cost conversion is undertaken by the IT infrastructure. The current information technology infrastructure includes seven items as depicted in the figure below. It defines the different aspects of infrastructure and key suppliers to every department of the organization (Mitchell, 2010). These things represent the fundamentals of investing in coordinating infrastructure to create an appropriate infrastructure.
Figure 2: IT Infrastructure Ecosystem
IT infrastructure for Countdown includes all aspects of its IT strategy, Information Technology and Business Strategy that is used to provide customer service for the Company. Countdown is a large retail company, whose IT infrastructure comprises of the computing platforms and telecommunication services (Kaisler, Armour, Espinosa & Money, 2013). All these services when combined with IT and business strategy enables the IT infrastructure to cater to its customer services. The e-commerce platform of the company where customers can shop online is also included within the IT infrastructure. The IT infrastructure ecosystem of the Company comprises of;
The entire It infrastructure ecosystem is responsible for catering to and supplying to the IT needs and demands within the Company.
While IT infrastructure is extremely crucial for businesses, they might become difficult to maintain. Creating and managing a powerful IT infrastructure is a challenge, which encompasses platforms and technologies including cloud and mobile devices in IT, management, and intelligent infrastructure (Arora, Wadhawan & Ahuja, 2012). Some of the major issues and challenges facing IT infrastructure includes;
Business is diversifying to become global organizations. Technology has an immense role to play and IT infrastructure present within an organization contributes tremendously so that organizations can cater to customer service. While a business diversifies into e-commerce, one of the biggest players in the development of cloud computing technologies (Demchenko, Grosso, De Laat & Membrey, 2013). Amazon web service section (AWS), is optimized cloud computing and make them affordable and more flexible capability to send small businesses online. It is one of the leading trends in IT infrastructure emerging technologies that are being adopted across a wide range of organizations. AWS offers flexible branches with the strength of information technology and data storage as well as data messages, payments, and more services that can be used together or individually which customer needs. In the retail sector, the Amazon automatic service Cloud Formation helps the customer in the right solution to a number of computer resources. Provides clients server space, bandwidth, storage, and other services. These resources can be assigned automatically. Since the beginning of March 2006, AWS has continued, it has increased in popularity with $ 1 billion in trade. In 2011 and hundreds of thousands of clients. Such emerging trends in computing technology can contribute immensely to Countdown. It can provide the Company capability to cater to customer services, such as storage capability, computing capability with other facilities and features such as payments, refund policies and more (Hashem, Yaqoob, Anuar, Mokhtar, Gani & Khan, 2015). The new technology can impose significantly fewer costs for IT infrastructure on the Company and allow increasing of its profitability. The overall investment made by the Company towards its IT infrastructure will come down significantly and it will be able to handle its operations well.
Big data refers to the use of traditional data backup and processing technology and knowledge and the importance of not uncovering the underlying data. Inactive or sensitive data or just too much data cannot process data from a machine in a related database (Kayyali, Knott & Van Kuiken, 2013). This type of data requires different transformation methods, which are so-called Big data. In short, the big data is reflected in the changing world. The more changes are made, the more changes are recorded and recorded as data. Companies collect vast amounts of data that they make use in their various decision making, such vast amounts of data are often referred to as Big Data.
Every day, more than 2.5 bytes of data from social media, transactions, mobile phones, channels and logistics, commercial applications, video, sound, and digital images are collected. Individuals generate 70% of all data; 80% of companies sell and manage data. The average company is expected to spend between $ 2018 and $ 8 million on Big data processing (Yiu, 2012). Worldwide data rose by almost 30% per year and is expected to reach $ 118 billion this year. In this large amount of data, it is possible to change profits and to make excellent progress. Some organizations can work and fulfill its expectations, to create a culture that enables productive exploitation of data. Studies reflect that such data is the competition technology, the operational model and the people who analyze market evaluations. World markets and increasingly demanding customers increase the speed of operations. As a result, the first organization begins to notice that data analysis currently conducted is inadequate (Power, 2014). Marketing, human resources, and functions can be learned about by assessing the analysis of the available customer assessment system.
Assessment of operations requires the integration of the business systems and processes that are necessary to make the necessary decisions. Although the data costs are lower to collect and increase the volume, companies understand that analytical programming for automatic compatibility. Moreover, if information can be exhausted by a wider audience than those whose assessment or model can significantly improve, it adds value to the company and its customers. There are clear challenges such as confidence in information and results, as well as practical acquisition skills, interpretation and communication is a constant problem. However, organizations that focus on responding to these challenges seem to be daily activities to achieve favorable cultural outcomes (Labrinidis & Jagadish, 2012). Leaders of integrated studies have developed the structures, technological and cultural capabilities that are essential for the efficient functioning of the data analytical research. Although the application remains committed to further data analysis and reporting, there are expectations related to Analytics to gain insight into the costs, and predictability of prospects and the customer must maximize efficiency and innovation. Leaders expect business analytics to offer a vehicle a broader and broader view of what may affect its business.
Extensive data analysis means testing a large amount of data. This is done to identify hidden examples, fixes, and ideas to make good business decisions. In short, organizations recognized the need to move from a knowledge organization to an educational organization. Basically, companies want to have more objective data centers and therefore have the power of data technology. The ideal data concept has existed for many years (Chen & Zhang, 2014). Ten years before the first important business data, contractors used analytical data to obtain information and identify trends. A big data analysis is performed by the use of modern software. This allows companies to shorten operations and make quick decisions. In conclusion, modern data analysis systems enable rapid and efficient analysis of processes. This ability to work faster and provide adequate care offers companies a competitive advantage. Meanwhile, companies are getting lower costs due to extensive data analysis. Organizations have invested in a comprehensive data analysis. The following are some of the ways in which businesses make use of Big data.
Supporting customers: The buyer is the most important value of any company. No company can strive for success without creating a reliable customer base (Assunção, Calheiros, Bianchi, Netto & Buyya, 2015). But even customers cannot ignore the high level of competition. When a company slowly finds out what customers are looking for, it is very easy to offer better products. This can lead to the loss of customers, which have a negative impact on the success of the company.
Negotiate with announcement issues and provide market information: A good data analysis can help change all activities. This includes the ability to meet customer expectations, change the company’s production line, and of course, ensure an effective marketing campaign.
Excellent analysis of hazardous data: Unsuitable times and risky business environments require more efficient management practices. In short, a risk management plan is an important investment for any company, regardless of industry. It is important to see the potential risk before it happens and limit it if the company is profitable (Ji, Li, Qiu, Awada & Li, 2012). Business consultants recommend that the company management is more than your company meets insurance.
Product innovation and development: Another great advantage of having a large amount of data is the ability to help companies shine and develop their products (LaValle, Lesser, Shockley, Hopkins & Kruschwitz, 2011). In conclusion, large amounts of data are a way to generate additional revenue that will enable to improve products. Organizations are starting to improve as much as possible from a technical point of view before creating new product lines and transforming existing ones.
Supply chain management: Big data provides accurate, transparent, and messaging services. With extensive data analysis, contextual intelligence is obtained through marketing networks. In conclusion, vendors can circumvent the limitations previously presented by extensive data analysis.
Big Data provides the organization with several opportunities and benefits. Some of the benefits are;
Use data for greater efficiency: The introduction of digital technology increases the efficiency of the company. Tools such as Google Maps, Google Earth, and social networks can be directly used with multi-tasking without having to pay for shipping costs. The resource also saves a lot of time.
Use good data to improve finances: Use Business Intelligence tools to better understand business and evaluate finances (Sagiroglu & Sinanc, 2013).
Competing advantages: It allows business the right tools that are required to maintain competitive advantages.
Focusing on the environment: Small businesses can focus on the environment in which they specialize. Once they have more information, they can further increase the settings and preferences of their clients.
Increase sales and loyalty: The software offers a lot of information about shopping and so on. Companies often select products and services optimization for customer configuration.
Hiring the right people: Recruiters can search for a keyword that matches the job description and continue to browse the LinkedIn profile (Michael & Miller, 2013).
Though there is a present large number of benefits and positives associated with Big Data, there are certain drawbacks as well. Some of the problems or drawbacks associated with Big Data are;
Privacy Issue: Data violations by transferring additional personal information to persons who intentionally or unintentionally do not have access to information is the greatest threat. Privacy can be registered if the company uses weak security measures (Jagadish, Gehrke, Labrinidis, Papakonstantinou, Patel, Ramakrishnan & Shahabi, 2014). Though hackers are responsible for this process, it should be avoided if stringent tools and protocols protect privacy.
Anonymous Information: Presence of anonymous information using public information presented by tag information about computer, the internet, and the public. More and more people are aware that personal websites cannot be maintained.
Analysis not being 100% correct: During the test, the wrong column or error level is an error, might lead to wrong analysis. Big data analysis is not loose, especially for large datasets. This is very difficult if the analysis cannot be checked.
Problem Detection: E-detection means finding electronic information that acts as a judge in court proceedings. Courts and even governments can use hacker’s electronic evidence to use important evidence. Electronic displays are easier to find and collect. However, electronic verification is more complex, it is difficult to control so much information and legal controls. In addition, electronic detection is now more expensive than before.
Information Breach: The breach of information provides information to customers who would otherwise not receive confidential information. Previous violations, some of which include CPRs, personal addresses, email addresses, contact details, credit card numbers, emigration, and personal information, are a serious threat (Russom, 2011). Because companies use a lot of information, you should protect your privacy and privacy from privacy.
Discrimination: It is said that the use of large data makes discrimination more frequent. Electronic information (such as network settings) that may affect a person’s ability to provide a loan and the ability of a person to verify this information is not considered discriminatory. It is unclear about the decision on electronic data, especially those that do not concern anyone.
Legal Regulations: Data protection to protect large amounts of data is limited. The government has recognized the threat to privacy, but there are not many measures approved by law.
Businesses today have great opportunities to use big data to improve their competitive position. In this Internet era, things (IoT), information and data from organizations from different sources around the world. Overall, everything is connected to the devices and data. With a stressful data usage challenge, a new data management category is needed – a hybrid and comprehensive approach to high-level data management. This access includes the three pillars required for large data management solutions: data integration, data management, data quality, and data security.
In addition, an effective support department is an immense, versatile, efficient, and flexible medium for many business initiatives and information needs. The versatile and flexible enterprise data format means that it can be used both in the same place and in the cloud because both are used. It also runs in a range of data, from the dataset to old mainframes, to real-time data retrieving information on the Web. You need to work on a variety of applications, including editing and learning tools. And all users, from computer scientists to non-technical users (McAfee, Brynjolfsson, Davenport, Patil & Barton, 2012). Partnership / Cloudera is a great example of how the integrity of the hybrid strategy helps customers continue to blur end-to-end data management and advanced analytics in the modern data structure. Big Data and Apache Hadoop move quickly from a technical experimentation phase to high-quality, traditional business applications. With integrated IT / Cloudera customers to save lives, the supply chain and factory that works best for their customers, they are selling more and more, they are taking action against terrorism and catching the criminals from specific use cases to customers are very valuable now.
The benefits associated with big data cannot be overemphasized. For Countdown, accommodating gin Big data will enable the company with competitive edge and also provide it capability for operational excellence. Thus, to be able to compete in the industry, the company needs to consider Big Data.
Accommodating in Big Data will enable the organization in customer as well as towards building of supplier intimacy. It will help the organisation grow its current state of art of business intelligence. It will also allow the organization in knowledge management capability and in future planning. All these activities will allow enhancing of competitive advantages for the Company.
The organization need to consider the risks related to protection of data related to its customers and data theft. The organization need to develop potentiality such that it can maintain and protect valuable information related to the organization and its clients. Such risks can be mitigated by adaptation of suitable protection techniques and applying user prohibition in handling and using of such data.
The organisation can select to outsource its Big data needs or it can conduct collection of such Big Data and its analytics by itself. In case it decides to collect Big Data and analyse the same in-house, then it needs to install Big Data software and tools. It also needs to appoint personnel who will be responsible for collecting, analysing and processing of such data. The organization can integrate Apache Hadoop which is a well-known Big Data software tool.
The organization can set KPI (key performance indicator) tool for the purpose of measuring its success related to implementation of Big Data. Such KPI can measure competitiveness, capability to attract customers, increasing brand name and several other indicators, post accommodation of KPI scores.
The governing body which will design and develop policies related to Big data will include member from the senior management for IT. It will also include personnel from the IT infrastructure ecosystem and representation from legal department. Such a diversified governing body will ensure that all aspects of the Big Data integration have been met adequately.
Conclusion: key findings and recommendations
The organization Countdown has a wide spread of services and operations. An in-depth and detailed analysis regarding IT infrastructure and Big Data has been undertaken, which has revealed several findings. Some of the findings relative to the report are as follows;
From the above key findings related to the report, the following are some of the key recommendations devised that the organization needs to adopt.
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