Discuss about the Politics of Cultural Translation Consumption.
It is important for the contemporary business organizations to initiate strategy of foreign investments in order to survive in the current market state of affairs. This is due to the fact that current scenario is much competitive in nature and it is becoming more important for the business organizations to go beyond their existing market reach. More organizations are initiating foreign investments to go beyond their national boundary and increase their market share in some other countries as well (Aharoni 2015). On the other hand, in relation to the increasing trend of foreign direct investments, different countries are coming up with various policies, regulations and incentives to attract more investments.
Therefore, it is important for the business organizations to first identify the different business factors and environment in the targeted country before going to invest there. Effective determination of the environment of the targeted country will help to identify the potentiality of the country in relation to the foreign investments (Salacuse 2017). Sri Lanka is a country from the South Asian region, which is making news in the recent time regarding attracting favorable foreign investments in the country.
This report will discuss about the potentiality of Sri Lanka in relation to their business environment. In addition, the natural resources that can be accessed in Sri Lanka by the business organizations in gaining competitive advantages will also be analyzed. Prior to the investment in a particular country, it is important to determine the policies and regulations of that country and these factors will also be discussed for Sri Lanka.
Sri Lanka is located in the Southern part of India and Indian sub continent. Though it is one of the smallest countries in the South Asian region but in recent time they are improving a lot in terms of business environment. Furthermore, due to the favorable geographic location in the Indian subcontinent and having positive diplomatic relationship with its neighboring countries, Sri Lanka is also positing themselves as one of the safest and potential investment destinations. Apart from all their geographic and strategic position, Sri Lanka is also having favorable literacy rate of 92 percent and favorable social structure. Therefore, business organizations investing in the county will have positive business vibe.
Another major advantage of Sri Lanka that can be gained by the investing firms in the country is the effective facility of water transportation and sea ports. This is due to the fact that, Sri Lanka is having some of the world famous sea ports, which will further enhance the business transactions for the investing organizations (Achchuthan 2013). However, there are still some factors that will have influence on the business decisions in the long run. The following sections will discuss about these factors that may get faced in doing business in Sri Lanka.
Political environment of Sri Lanka is having both positive and negative factors. One of the major positive factors is the establishment of democratic government after years of army disturbances (Ranasinha 2013). Currently, they are having elected government and stable political system in the country. Moreover, the civil war also came to an end in 2009. Thus, currently Sri Lanka is having stable and favorable political environment in the country. However, on the other hand some challenges also to be face by the organizations.
One of the major political challenges that are identified is the government inefficiency. Similar to the common culture in the Indian subcontinent, Sri Lanka is having the issue of inefficiency in government policies and practices. According to the reports, investing business organizations will face this issue. Labor regulations and tax rates are also identified as the major challenges for the business in Sri Lanka. Thus, it can be concluded that having favorable and stable political environment along with the business friendly initiatives of government, business organizations will have favorable political environment in the country.
Sri Lanka is considered as a middle income county. However, in the recent time, they are growing at a positive rate and showing good growth. According to the reports, Sri Lanka was GDP growth rate of 1.4 percent till January, 2018. Moreover, it is also being reported that they were having growth rate more than 3 percent in the second half of 2017. Thus, in comparison to the previous year, growth rate has fallen. Investing business organizations will gain the economic advantage of positive growth (Jahfer and Inoue 2014). The more will be the growth of the economy, the more will be the opportunities for the organizations.
According to the reports of World Economic Forum, Sri Lanka is ranked at 38 in terms to gross national savings. Thus, the average population in the county is having favorable savings and it will help the investing business organizations in having more market opportunities. On the other hand, there are few challenges also to be faced by the business organizations in investing in Sri Lanka. One of the major challenges to be faced is low ranking of Sri Lanka in terms of government budget balance. This may have negative implication on the fiscal policy in the country.
Sri Lanka is having smaller size of population with little more than 20 million. Thus, the market size will be limited for the investing business organizations. However, on the other hand, the stable social structure and policies of the country is having positive impact on the business environment. It is reported that the literacy level of the country is more than 92 percent. Thus, the business organizations operating in Sri Lanka will have the access to the educated and skilled employees. Moreover, having educated and literate population in place also helps the business organizations to market their offerings easily.
Though Sri Lanka is having smaller scale population, but they are still having favorable ranking in terms of domestic market size. According to the report of World Economic Forum, Sri Lanka is having the ranking of 57 in terms of domestic market size. Thus, the investing business organizations will have the opportunity of having favorable market environment in the country. However, the major social challenges that will be faced by the organizations in operating in Sri Lanka is the decreasing rate of population. It is reported that the average population is reducing steadily in Sri Lanka. Thus, the more will be the reduction of the population, the less will be the market opportunities for the business organizations. World Economic Forum’s report also states that Sri Lanka is ranked at 60 in terms of quality of education system. Thus, it can be concluded that Sri Lanka is having favorable ranking in this aspect and it will also be an opportunity for the business organizations in having educated target customers in place.
Sri Lanka is having increasing trend of investment in research and development. According to the reports, in the recent years, the investments in this sector are increasing in leaps and bounds. Furthermore, the major advantages that can be gained by the business organizations from the development of this sector in Sri Lanka is that majority of the investments are coming from the public and government sector. In comparison to some other countries, Sri Lanka is having low rate of investment from the private sector and higher rate from the public sector. Thus, development of this sector will be accessible to the investing organizations also.
According to the report of World Economic Forum, Sri Lanka is having ranking of 90 in terms of availability of latest technologies. Thus, it may be difficult for the investing business organizations to have access to the latest and updated technologies in the country. This will be one of their major challenges. However, it is also reported that ranking of Sri Lanka in capacity for innovation is 66, which is much more favorable for the business organizations. Moreover, it also denotes that Sri Lanka is having great potentiality in improving and developing new technologies in the country. This can be treated as one of the potential opportunities for the investing business organizations.
There are various resources ranging from the availability of the natural resources to strategic resources can be gained by the business organizations in operating in Sri Lanka. Some of the major natural resources that can be gained by the business organizations in Sri Lanka are dolomite, graphite and limestone. Thus, business organizations operating in the sectors such as cement industry will have the advantage of having access to the natural resources. In addition, another strategic advantage that can be gained by the business organizations in operating in Sri Lanka is the access to the international sea routes (Barnes and Parkin 2015). As discussed earlier, Sri Lanka is having some of the major sea ports that will help the business organizations to initiate their international business strategy. The strategic location of the sea ports in Sri Lanka can also helps the business organizations to have the easy access to the South East Asian countries as well as to the Middle Eastern countries.
The geographic location of Sri Lanka in the Indian subcontinent will also help the business organizations to gain competitive advantages by having the access to the huge market of India and China. There are various mode of transportation available between Sri Lanka and India along with having free trade agreements. Therefore, it will be easier for the business organizations in Sri Lanka to cater to the huge market in the Indian subcontinent.
The current value of the Sri Lankan rupee is 156.66 for US$ 1. Thus, the valuation of the Sri Lankan currency is much lower than that of the US dollar. This will have both positive as well as negative implications on the business organizations. Exporting firms in Sri Lanka will have negative implications due to the reason that they have to pay more in case of further devaluation of the Sri Lankan currency (Menkhoff 2013). However, the major business organizations will have the objective of exporting their products. Thus, it may get affected due to the lower valuation of the Sri Lankan currency.
According to the above figure and the given reports, trend of foreign reserves with Sri Lanka is fluctuating in nature. However, the overall trend is favorable and it can help the business organizations in Sri Lanka by having more positive domestic infrastructure and globalized business environment (Korinek and Serven 2016).
According to the reports, Sri Lanka is having free market economy with having more liberalized policies and regulations. Moreover, it is also reported that the business friendly initiatives by the government of Sri Lanka made them the most liberal and flexible country in the entire South Asia (Perera, Siriwardana and Mounter 2014). Majority of the sectors are opened for the foreign investments except for some areas such as retail business if the invested amount is less than 1 million US dollar, fishing and money lending (Mondaq.com 2018). It is also reported that government of Sri Lanka is having special economic zones for providing tax incentives and benefits for the business organizations. The average tariff rate in Sri Lanka is also lower compared to some other country with maximum rate is 30 percent.
In the recent time, Sri Lanka is witnessing huge growth in inflow of foreign investments in the country. According to the above figure, January, 2018 witnessed the maximum growth of foreign investment in the country. It denotes that the business environment of Sri Lanka is favorable enough sustain foreign investors in the country.
Conclusion
It is concluded that Sri Lanka is having favorable business environment in the country with having free and flexible trade policies. These are helping them in increasing the rate of foreign investments in the country. Moreover, this report also discussed about the external environmental factors that will be faced by the investors in Sri Lanka. Some challenges as well as opportunities are being identified from the analysis of external environmental factors. It is also concluded in this report that strategic location of Sri Lanka in the Indian subcontinent is providing the opportunity for the business organizations to cater to the huge market of India and China and access to the international sea routes. A few recommendations are provided, which will further enable government of Sri Lanka to enhance their potentiality.
Reference
Achchuthan, S., 2013. Export, Import, and Economic Growth: Evidence from Sri Lanka. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 4(9), pp.147-55.
Aharoni, Y., 2015. The foreign investment decision process. In International Business Strategy (pp. 24-34). Routledge.
Barnes, R. and Parkin, D., 2015. Ships and the development of maritime technology on the Indian Ocean. Routledge.
Ips.lk. (2018). www.ips.lk. [online] Available at: https://www.ips.lk/talkingeconomics/2011/10/13/dynamic-growth-in-sri-lanka-the-innovation-imperative/ [Accessed 23 Apr. 2018].
Jahfer, A. and Inoue, T., 2014. Financial development, foreign direct investment and economic growth in Sri Lanka. International Journal of Economic Policy in Emerging Economies, 7(1), pp.77-93.
Korinek, A. and Serven, L., 2016. Undervaluation through foreign reserve accumulation: Static losses, dynamic gains. Journal of International Money and Finance, 64, pp.104-136.
Menkhoff, L., 2013. Foreign exchange intervention in emerging markets: a survey of empirical studies. The World Economy, 36(9), pp.1187-1208.
Mondaq.com. (2018). www.mondaq.com. [online] Available at: https://www.mondaq.com/x/238324/Inward+Foreign+Investment/A+guide+to+investing+in+Sri+Lanka [Accessed 23 Apr. 2018].
Perera, S., Siriwardana, M. and Mounter, S., 2014. Reducing poverty and income inequality in Sri Lanka: does trade liberalisation help?. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 19(4), pp.629-655.
Ranasinha, R., 2013. Writing and reading Sri Lanka: Shifting politics of cultural translation, consumption, and the implied reader. The Journal of Commonwealth Literature, 48(1), pp.27-39.
Salacuse, J.W., 2017. BIT by BIT: The growth of bilateral investment treaties and their impact on foreign investment in developing countries. In Globalization and International Investment (pp. 25-45).
Tradingeconomics.com. (2018). Tradingeconomics.com. [online] Available at: https://tradingeconomics.com/turkey/terrorism-index [Accessed 19 Apr. 2018].
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