Answers To Dental Questions

Dental Materials and Medicament Storage

Answer to Q1

Dental materials and medicament bottles should be stored in the clean zone of the treatment room and not left on the bench top of the working area majorly to control the rates of infection. The main objectives of the dental assistant to make sure the surgical tools are maintained. It is very important to establish protocols regarding the processing of instruments in dentistry. The first step includes cleaning of the instruments. Cleaning in dentistry can be done either by the process of Ultrasonic cleaning or through the process of Automatic washers. The second step includes inspection of the equipments. The equipments should be always clean and dry. The third step includes the packaging of the equipments. The equipments should be in zip lock bags, pouches or in rigid containers. The fourth step includes the sterilization of the equipments. The fifth step includes the sterile storage. The sterile storage is necessary because the packaged equipments can be compressed, punctured or damaged. These things are to be monitored by the dental assistants. The last steps include the assurance of the quality of the equipments that are delivered to the healthcare organization. The quality assurance includes the physical indicators, the chemical indicators and the biological indicators. However, if the equipments of the dentistry are not properly stored it will be damaged and there will be no scope of using the equipments for further dental treatments.

Answer to Q2

The goal of the dental infection control p-program is to provide a safe and hea;lthy environment to the  patients that will reduce the infection rates in the health care sectors. The minimizations of the injuries caused by the percutaneous sharps are the primary focus for the infection control program. The dental offices and clinics need to form policies and guidelines that will to maintain the efficiency and control of infection in the fields of dentistry. The instruments cassettes are been used in the hospitals for many years in the hospitals to organize the instruments of the dentistry into forms of sets. The dental cassettes are used nowadays in dentistry for organizing a complete set of instruments for a specific procedure inside one single container. The cassette makes the packaging of the tools easier and it becomes convenient for the physician and the dental assistant for any dental operation. In addition using the cassettes makes the handling of the instruments in a streamline and makes contamination free work for the physician.

Answer to Q3

The FDI World Dental Federation notation is widely used for the dentists who are all around the globe to get associated information about a specific type or number of tooth. The FDI also serves as a representative of the dentist. The major benefits of the tooth numbering involves, giving separate numbers or alphabets to the every individual that makes it unique. The other benefit is that it becomes easy to visualize the tooth with respect to their numbers and alphabets.

The following are the two columns were there are the anatomical names of the tooth with their abbreviations

Advantages of Using Pre-set Dental Trays and Cassettes

Anatomical name                                                 Abbreviations

Anterior                                                                          Ant

Arrested Caries                                                               AC

Bilateral(ly)                                                                      bilat

Buccal                                                                              B

Cardiovascular System                                                    CVS

Caries Free                                                                      CF

Cemento-enamel junction                                              CEJ

Central Nervous System                                                  CNS

Centric Occlusion                                                             CO

Centric Relation                                                                CR

Distal                                                                                 D

Incisal                                                                                I

Labial                                                                                 Lab

Lateral                                                                                Lat

Left                                                                                     L

Left Hand Side                                                                    LHS

Lingual                                                                                L

Lower Left                                                                           LL

Lower Right                                                                         LR

Answer to Q4

The code selected is 987. The five services allowed for the three-digit code number are, Dental Primary care, Dental Home, Early and the periodic screening and diagnostic treatment services, Direct Dental Referrals and first dental visits.

Answer to Q5

The personal protective equipment you routinely use in the dental surgery is just taking care of certain things to control the level of infection. For that the first thing that is important to maintain is the hand hygiene. The physicians should always wash their hands with good antiseptic hand washes to protect them from infections. The element used for hand care is using of the sterilized gloves. The dentist and the assistants both should take care of their hang hygiene to prevent further contamination. The second care that is taken is using the masks. The mask prevents the transmission of any airborne diseases during the operation process. Therefore, the dental practitioner and the support staffs must always wear the surgical masks that are fluid resistant that can block the several particles that are less in size than three microns to be inhaled by the physicians. The masks protects the several mucous membranes of the mouth and the nose, they are worn during the splashing, spraying of the blood or any saliva body substances. The third elements to be used are the eye protection spectacles. The dental practitioners and their assistants should always wear the eye wares for the protection of the mucous membranes of the eyes during the operation procedures where they are exposed to aerosols, spraying of blood and saliva. The eyewear protects the eye for protecting the hazards during clinical procedures of scaling using the rotary instruments. The dental should also use protection clothing to get rid from hazardous infections. The clothing generally includes the disposable gowns, laboratory coat and uniforms. The protections in the clothing are taken due to the generation of the contamination with the blood and saliva. The footwear is also to be taken care. The dental practitioners and their assistants should always wear an enclosed footwear for the protection from the injuries or contacts from the sharp objects and tools that are used in the procedures.

Answer to Q 6

The dietary education is very important for infants and babies, children and young adults, and the elderly. This is because, the dietary education can provide the people to eat healthy and live healthy. A bad diet can affect the teeth of the individual as well as their structure of health. The NT heath body has provided several resources for children, parents and adults about the oral healthcare of the individual. Their posters teach the schoolchildren about the healthy diet plans and the effectiveness of brushing their teeth twice a day. They also provide facts sheets about the child’s oral health with their parents. The early childhood cares are crucial for the child’s good future of oral health.

FDI World Dental Federation Numbering System and Benefits

Answer to Q7

Lower right		Lower left
18	Right mandular 3rd molar	21	Left mandular 3rd molar
17	Right mandular 2nd molar	22	Left mandular 2nd molar
16	Left mandular 1st molar	24	Left mandular 1st molar
15	Right mandibular 2nd bicuspid	25	Left mandibular 2nd bicuspid
14	Right mandibular 1st  bicuspid	26	Left mandibular 1st  bicuspid
12	Right mandibular cuspid	27	Left mandibular cuspid
11	Right mandibular lateral and central incisor	28	Left mandibular lateral and central incisor

Answer to Q8

FDI	Anatomical tooth name – include whether permanent or deciduous
11	Central Incisor
36	First Molar
48	Third molar
25	Second Bicuspid
55	Maxillary second molar
72	Mandibular lateral incisor
Palmers	Anatomical tooth name – include if this is permanent or deciduous
2	Lateral Incisor
7	Second Molar
4	First Bicuspid
A	Central incisor
C	Lateral incisor
B	Canine
Tooth surface	Identify the tooth Surface Abbreviation
M	Mesial
I	Incisal
D	Distal
MOD	Mesio occluso distal
B	Buccal
P	Point angles
Li	Lingual
BO	Bleeding on probing
MI	Mesio-incisal

Answer to Q9

1. Crown	2. Root	3. Enamel	4 Dentin.
5. Pulp Cavity	6. Root Canal	7.Periodontal Ligament	8. Branches of alveolus vessels and nerve
9. Bone of alveolus	10. Gingiva	11. Cementum	12. Apical Foramen

Answer to Q10

1. Rubber Diaphragm	2. Aluminium cap
3.Neck	4. Cylindrical glass tube
5.Silicon rubber plunger

Several factors are needed to be taken care of before the insertion of the cartridge into the syringe.  Firstly, there are barrier techniques that are needed for the protection. The key element of barrier techniques includes wearing of the gloves, protection of the face and protection of the clothes for the dental physicians. The hands should not be dirty at all.  The infections can be transferred through the hands that can be contaminated by touching certain pathological objects. Therefore, to protect the inflection to form, the hands of the physicians as well the assistant physicians should be washed before and after wearing the gloves. The washing of the hands are to be done with good antiseptic hand washes. There should be always a prior stalk of hand washes in the dental clinic to avoid any further problems. The handlings of the sharp instrument are also of the risk factors in dentistry. The needle should also be recovered before its removal from the syringe. The repetitions of the needles with its cartilage syringe by the help of the plastic covers using both the hands are to be restricted for the physicians. All the disposable instruments in the dentistry are to be discarded in the containers that are puncture resistance or discarded in the inclinator. Before inserting the syringe few things should necessarily be taken care of by the assistant. The needles needs to be properly chosen an it should be sterilized. Then the carpulses should also be sterilized and it should be warmed to body temperature.

Answer to Q11

The picture shows that the treatment is for the mandibular position. For working in mandibular position, the chair should be tilted in the backward position because the mandibular occlusal plane would in a parallel position to the surface of the floor so that the patient is able to open his or her mouth in a wider angle. The chair should also be raised up in an angle so that the mandibular occlusal plane can be raised about two to three inches that can be placed two inches above the joint of the elbow.

On the other hands, for working in for the maxillary teeth of the patients, the chair of the patient should be raised up to the level of so that the maxillary plane of the occlusal would create an angle at 45 degrees with the floor. The chair of the patient is raised up to a level so that the maxillary occlusal plane is two inches below the shoulder level of the operator.

Answer to Q12

Abbrasive Burs that are used in dentistry are used to cut the hard tissues of the bone or the tooth. They are generally made up of tungsten, steel, diamond grit and stainless steel. There are bewildering ranges of dental burs in the dental catalogues for the use of basic veterinary purposes and only few burs are needed for dentistry. All the burs that are used are having a shank and a head. They are long shaped straight shanks, latch type shanks and shanks that have a fiction grip. The long straight shanks are fit to the cone of the nose of the slow speed hand piece once the prophy angle or the contra angle is removed. They are used for the disc that are cut in diamond shape discs or long for the burs with 40mm. These kinds of burs are used for the trimming of the small herbivore cheek teeth. The fiction grip shanks are the shanks that are fit in turbine of the high speed that are hand piece.  The standard lengths of these are 20mm and they are longer than the surgical lengths and are used for the veterinary works. The latch type shanks are fit in the latch that are positioned in a contra angle and are 20mm long. They are same shapes as the4 fiction grip shanks. The Round head are used for the cavity preparation, are needed for creating the points of access, undercuts, and make channels for the extraction. The size ranges ¼ th to 9. The best sizes are 1, 2 and 4. The peer head are also used for the cavity preparation, access points and the splitting of the roots of the small teeth. The general size is 330 and 330L. The crosscut tapered fissures are used as the heads that are used for the multi rooted teeth and used for reducing the height of the crown. The general sizes are 700/700L and 701/701L. The finishing burs are the heads that re used for the finishing restorations and the recounting of the soft tissues. They are obtained as 12 to 30 bladed burs in the carbide steel or are used as diamond heads of various shapes. They are also available in white stones for the composites and the green stones for the amalgamations.

Answer to Q 13

The personal care equipments that are used by the dental professional and the supporting staffs are protected clothing, eyewear and gloves.

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