The approach focuses on the cross-cultural differences that occur between conceptions of art which also may include the differences between conceptions of art and extra aesthetic, sociocultural factors that may cause the differences. The two main divisions of the approach are small-scale and the contemporary comparisons
The institutions that run the industrial civilization were given the priority when it came to civilization while other local activities were assigned lower tasks. Today, all that has changed like so many other institutions in other parts of the world have also been considered has civilized which was an opposite case in the past years.
Today, the difference has not only been brought by the difference between people’s cultural differences but also other factors that may include: how complex the technology may be, the total area occupied, and also the degree of labor provided by the personnel who live the region. Other factors such as the ethnic identity of the people and also their social class can contribute to the difference.
Generally, the three factors which determine the dimension differences are technology, population, and heterogeneity which all vary with one another. The Aboriginal, the Eskimos, and the San applied a simple technology level and also displayed a low level of social heterogeneity show similarities in their art of production. They all practiced a nomadic lifestyle and also lacked draft animals. Due to the above factors, they all have the public common arts which are also portable. The arts include dance, songs and also oral literature. The above culture has been and is also important practices among nomadic groups of people. They also have clothing and body decorations which help them to perform and look better during their nomadic practices.
The complex societies also practice the same activities which are meant to attract attention to their body appearance and also in decorating some tools. The tools can be kept as permanent collections by the individuals. That means art can be shared by different individuals and should not be considered as insignificant. The difference between the art of small and large-scale societies is that in one, there are significant consequences that explain more about their daily deeds such as hunting and gathering while the other explain more on the division of labor
If we considered the ideas of one group being hunters and gatherers versus the explicit complex societies, then those society members who practice agriculture fall on both groups. This is because of some of the people who were considered in the past as professional theoreticians, if the case of amewa and mewa is considered. The amewa is a fulltime aesthetician and the same time is a farmer, the village chief and also an artist.
Another factor is that a lot of aesthetic thought in complex societies is available through ways such as spoken and written word. The small-scale societies also have their aesthetic thought which also can be accessed. They have been put in a simple and straight way in such a way that they can be understood by all members of the involved group. The normal specialization process is passed from one generation to another. No specialized details need to be explained.
When it comes to covering a certainly desired territory, the small-scale society has fairly general ideas on how to handle a certain issue such as beauty which is applied primarily to the appearance of humans. When it comes to the complex society, a series of ideas are applied to deal with the same issue. But in the end, both groups end up achieving their target.
Both small-scale societies and the complex society does not differ when it comes to aesthetic ideas. They have a similar view about the work of art which implies a supernatural end. On the other hand, most ideas and theories of complex classes are self-serving and virtue extolling
The aesthetics of both groups may not be similar when it comes to structural attributes. When it comes to content, a new turn is taken because all of the serve the same purpose as they both are geared towards achieving a culturally significant meaning to the involved societies.
The issue of body art and adornment can be witnessed in different groups of people who share a common culture. When looking at the issue of people in different groups, everyone who gets the body art does it for a reason which may include their gender, social class or even ethnicity. Due to this, different body adornment has a different meaning and purpose depending on the individual.
The man-kind like any other animal is divided into male and female gender. Both men and women are equal, but when it comes to several perspectives of dealing with different matters, both have their view. That is the way if closely observed, the majority of male body arts have been drawn to express a certain idea which times may include a show of body strength. Females too have their perspective and will get the body art depending on what they feel suits them. The body parts of both male and female may have a cultural background depending on the status, social class and cultural history of the individual.
Ethnic identity is also another factor that is put in place when it comes to body art. An individual may get a body adornment that they feel best identifies them with a certain ethnic group of people. Some members of a certain group that shares a common national or cultural group may wish to prove their love to the group by getting the body art. Mostly, the group may share a common symbol such as the national flag of the subject country.
The popular culture acts as the main root of body art. Some use the term “pop culture to refer to the acts performed by those involved. In a certain society or country, individuals have certain activities that majorly of them share. A good example is different tones of the music of a certain fashionable trend in a country. Mostly, the culture exists for a certain duration of time. Due to the changes, a social-cultural pattern may be formed. The body adornment may be may act as the power to generate both social and political commentary. Individuals may get the body art done so that to win the attention of the other societal members.
People love good memories and would love to keep them so that they can remember them from time to time. Others would like to cherish the memories of their family members and loved ones. Body art can be used as a reminder for all that. Other society members use them as a reminder of a certain terrible encounter to help them avoid such situations later in life.
Body art can include piercing which has been done over years. Those involved pierce different body parts. Mostly, the piercing acted as a social-cultural practice of different members of different ancient groups of people. Depending on the involved culture, those involved did it in ancient times and still do it so that to insert different objects which times may not be limited to jewelry and other cosmetics. In some ancient cultural groups, the adornment would act as a simple of different social and age groups.
Body art can be described as neither traditional nor a modern art. It acts as a sign of humanity. Even before human transformed the art into body art and adornment, the art of drawing and labeling different artistic drawings started with the ancient man. The different picture represented different cultural practices, and the same artist has been evolving with time as the human-kind still evolves.
In the world, people all over the world practice the culture for different reasons. Today, it is believed that the adornment is used to speak out one’s status that is the way it acts as the language of art. To understand the meant message, one needs to understand the symbols, social values and also the myths shared by members of the engaged community.
Has noted earlier, different cultures share different values. Each has its perspective on a certain idea. Some symbols may have different meanings depending on the society’s background which mostly involves the slavery and colonial periods. That is why a certain body art may be a normal symbol to a certain society while the same symbol may have a very negative meaning to the other group of people.
The folk art has been used over the years. Mostly is done created out of one’s creativity, which is brought out to speak about different aspects of life. It can be directed to address an economic activity carried out by a certain group of people and their traditions. It is important to note that their traditional rules and perspective on certain aspects of livelihood are not considered in folk art.
In today’s folk art, most artists who are involved in the art must not necessarily possess high academic qualifications so that to take part in drawing the art. The folk art has also evolved due to different changes that have taken place in society. In the past, most societies were involved in simple technological activities, small-scale agriculture, trade and other several social-cultural activities they took part in. Due to education and other factors that have led to change in the people’s living standards, the folk art created today has changed to take care of the change. However, some groups of people in the society still prefer the traditional folk arts.
The design and color too have brought about the change. New designs have come up which have also contributed greatly to the new designs being produced by the artists. New colors have been brought by the change in technology whereby some of the missing colors have been availed which in turn have enhanced the look of the folk art.
In the soviet years, the national identity has displayed by the folk art where artists produced designs that where perceived a reflection of a particular country. Up to date, the symbols still stand out as an important tool of the country. For a long period, there have been types of folk arts. The fine arts and the applied arts.
Fine arts include painting, sculptures, and graphics. More have come up, but those three have been used by different people over the years to serve different purposes in society. The drawings that were cast on rocks by the early man have today been well placed in museums. This is a clear symbol that the work of art can be traced back as one of the methods used for communication purpose by the early man. Due to lack of formal education, the folks acted as guidelines to the people in a particular society.
The other category is the applied arts which include artwork made from metal, clay, wood and other materials that can be curved to give the artist the desired shape. Today, the curved work of art is priced at a very high value. All the above work has been used to serve different purposes depending on the user’s aim.
After the world war two, folk art got more famous, and a lot of people focused their attention on the art. Seminars and camps of creativity were held whereby some took part in painting while others took part weaving, wood carving, ceramics and also smothery work of art. Involved people continued the work of arts which is witnessed today in different festivals held all over the world for people to showcase their talents and also to get potential buyers of their designed arts.
Folk art today can gear the involved society towards civilization with modernity and yet keep the society aware of their traditional practices. That means that no matter how developed the society is, folk art can be used to trace some of its ancient activities since each society has its folk art. It is less influenced by academic changes whereby in many cases it excludes cases of professional art.
The most important thing to note about folk art is that it cannot be easily done for the sake of doing art. Instead, it can command to it will be done depending on the involved society culture and believes. It is mostly a self-taught art which means that the artist does not have to attend formal education for training necessarily. It has acted as the inspiration of other different kinds of crafts.
The social significance of some aspect of body decoration is companion for change in cultural context. People use these decorations to express their moments as they have happened and affected them personally. For instance, there are individuals who have tattoos in their body to express a moment of heart break especially after losing someone who was close to them. After all, not everyone will see the tattoo but as an individual one knows what meaning it has in their life. However, there are those who decorate their bodies with art to communicate to others through expressing their thoughts and reactions concerning a certain issue. For example, the thoughts and reactions could be based on one’s loyalty to his or her country or even supporting a certain team. Concerning the same, Fedorak holds that pop culture such as body art is an important part of political, economic and material culture which is expressed even in sports.
Evidently, there those who wear jewelries which have a depiction of their countries flag and others wear wrist bands showing their love for a certain team. Thus, through the various body decorations through dressing, tattoos and jewelries the expressions could be made by either a group or an individual. If the expressions are made by an individual it means he or she did not consult anyone before settling for that decoration. In other words, that person had his or her own motive to decorate the body in that manner. On the other hand, a group people can decorate their bodies after coming into an agreement that they will do that to serve a specific purpose. In most cases, the group share same opinions hence they will express their thoughts and reactions with the consent of all of them.
Furthermore, the above information in journal 4 can be related to an interview conducted on an American tattoo artist. The artist said that people tattoo their bodies for various reasons in that there are those who do it for memories, others for events and others just for beauty. Moreover from ancient times, these decorations have always remained important in revealing a part of culture. Most importantly, these decorations make an individual different from the others or a group different from other groups. However, what’s sad is that this only exists in the life time of such people one they die, they are buried with the decorations in their bodies.
Anderson talks of importance of wall murals in political context basing on Aztec Iconography. This goes back to the ancient times and currently in the modern history whereby these graffiti have social and political messages in them. Aztec has been used to signify cosmological beliefs, and a dedication to Tonatiuh the sub god. Moreover, wall murals have used to express stand for community rights. Concerning this matter, Aztec Iconography has been used to communicate political messages in Mexico. Besides that, other wall murals have been used to play the same roles. For example, Shepard Fairey is one of the best graffiti artist that uses art socially and politically to help other people in one way or another. For instance, the graffiti of griney obey in 1996 was of importance in taking up vision in people’s everyday life. Additionally, when people view it repeatedly they become more attentive to something that it right and especially taken granted for. Again, they get to see how important the message being portrayed is in the lives.
These explorations have reinforced the idea of graffiti in that through Anderson’s work people get to understand that graffiti is not a crime but an art. In most countries graffiti art is a punishable crime but people fail to understand that most of it is meant to create awareness. This awareness is of social and political benefits to the citizens in that community or country. Thus, the inspiration that comes with graffiti should not be ignored in any case.
According to Fedorak, music will always be created by human beings. As the quote, “We have seen our popular culture and it is us” (Fedorak, 2009). It suggests that our everyday life culture is popular culture. The reason being that it has been a mirror of dynamics in any given society. Moreover, it is powerful enough to generate resistance and activism, shape and reflect cultural ideals, and represent changing social realities. At the same time, this popular culture can influence people’s lives through music. It also serves as a means of communicating circumstances of a cultural group and views of the world to the members in that culture or other people.
Furthermore, music has been set as in the society within a social context as a style that links social processes and cultural patterns. This can be depicted in the quote, “Song forms and performance are themselves models of social behavior and reflect strategies of adaptation to human and natural environments” (Fedorak, 2009) In this case, through music culture is created and recreated and at the same time racialized and gendered identities are online-negotiated. After all, with the innovation of televisions imagery can easily be portrayed to the audience clearly. Consequently, humans adapt to the social behavior displayed in all music one is interested in.
It is possible for music art to change the world because of the messages portrayed by various music artists. Music has been used since time in memorial in different forms ranging from television shows, arrangements performed in school orchestra, and tunes, performed in concerts and through the radios. As time has gone by, technology has made it better hence greatly impacting global culture. This has been achieved through mourning songs, sacred songs, patriotic songs and advert music. Thus, all ages have found a way of sharing their emptions and opinions through music. All in all, despite the fact that music has had negative effects on the society especially to the youths, it still has social, personal and motivational effects.
Personally, music has played a big role in my life because of my favorite music that calms me down. Especially after a long day of work or studying there is cool music that relaxes my mind. As result of it I get refreshed and can comfortably do anything without straining my mind. Music has also motivated me in various ways especially when I need to get psyched up to do something that really requires that energy. All in all, music uses both sides of the brain hence important for general development. Therefore, there is power in music and it is not limited to a certain age because there are various music genres that everyone could get their best out it.
Dowell Kristin in indigenous media gone global: strengthening indigenous identity through a showcase of world’s indigenous film has pointed out that indigenous film makers have come up innovative to display their films. Furthermore, they have created cinematic visions in their indigenous story telling honoring their cultural world and reaching out to both world and local audiences. This off screen has positively impacted indigenous directors hence giving them opportunity to share their experiences in the industry and strengthen their social networks. Consequently, there are films which have helped me understand other cultures other than mine. For example, “The Last Emperor” helped me understand the Chinese culture in that it tells that Puyi rose to power after Empress Dowager Cixi died. Another film is the “Milk of Sorrow” that helped me learn that women in Peru experienced a trauma in the year 1980- 1992. This seems to have resulted from a militant Maoist Group that used rape as war. Thus, it taught me that political violence in Peru’s culture does not affect one generation but more. Also, “Hotel Rwanda” has made me learn about the culture of genocide in Rwanda and the inaction that the world has concerning the same. Thus, the reason as to why the hotel manager is struggling to protect Titsi refugees and his family from Hutu Rwanda militia. All in all, it is evident that small scale techniques and technologies have been utilized by indigenous film makers in various ways. Therefore, with the growing of technology quality of the films improves as days go by.
References:
Fedorak, S. (2009). Pop culture: The culture of everyday life. University of Toronto Press.
Richard, R. L. (1998). 2 From Calliope’s Sisters.
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