Booker T. Washington
Ex-slave, 1881-called to head the black school in Tuskegee, Alabama. Started with about 40 students. Taught blacks useful trades so they would gain self-respect and economic security.
W.E.B. Du Bois
Called Booker Washington an Uncle Tom who was condemning their race to manual labor and inferiority. Born in Massachusetts. Earned Ph.D at Harvard (first of his race to do so) Demanded complete equality. Helped found the National Association for Advancement of Colored People.
Said tenth of blacks should have full access to mainstream of American life
Morrill Act
Led to creation of land-grant colleges
Pragmatism
William James pronounced America’s greatest contribution to history of philosophy was Pragmatism. The truth of an idea was to be tested by its practical consequences
Yellow Journalism
Joseph Pulitzer publisher of New York World and St. Louis Post Dispatch, colored comic strips featuring Yellow Kid
Henry George
He said the pressure of growing population on fixed land supply unjustly pushed up property values, giving unearned profits to landowners.Became controversial figure.
Believed single 100% tax would fix inequalities and stimulate economic growth.wrote his ideas in a book which sold over 3 million copies
Mark Twain
Missouri, teamed with Charles Warner to write The Gilded Age. worked as boat pilot, later moved to California, received honorary Oxford degree
Charlotte Perkins Gilman
published feminist literature, called on women to abandon their dependent status and contribute to larger life of community through productive involvement in the economy
Woman’s Christian Temperance Union
militant group of women against alcohol, white ribbon was its symbol of purity
Megalopolis
The term is commonly applied to the urbanized northeastern seaboard of the U.S. extending from Boston, MA to Washington, D.C.
settlement house
Institution located in a poor neighborhood that provided numerous community services such as medical care, child care, libraries, and classes in English
nativism
The belief that native-born Americans are superior to foreigners
evolution
the process in which inherited characteristics within a population change over generations such that new species sometimes arise
New immigration
The second major wave of immigration to the U.S.; between 1865-1910, 25 million new immigrants arrived. Unlike earlier immigration, which had come primarily from Western and Northern Europe, the New Immigrants came mostly from Southern and Eastern Europe, fleeing persecution and poverty. Language barriers and cultural differences produced mistrust by Americans.
social gospel
Movement led by Washington Gladden – taught religion and human dignity would help the middle class over come problems of industrialization
Hull House
Settlement house founded by progressive reformer Jane Adams in Chicago in 1889–designed as a welfare agency for needy families. It provided social and educational opportunities for working class people in the neighborhood as well as improving some of the conditions caused by poverty.
American Protective Association
An organization created by nativists in 1887 that campaigned for laws to restrict immigration. Anti-Catholic
Salvation Army
This welfare organization came to the US from England in 1880 and sought to provide food, shelter, and employment to the urban poor while preaching temperance and morality.
Chautauqua movement
One of the first adult education programs. Started in 1874 as a summer training program for Sunday School teachers, it developed into a travelling lecture series and adult summer school which traversed the country providing religious and secular education though lectures and classes.
Comstock Law
is a United States federal law which made it illegal to send any “obscene, lewd, and/or lascivious” materials through the mail, including contraceptive devices and information
18th Amendment
Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages
Jane Adams
Social reformer who worked to improve the lives of the working class. In 1889 she founded Hull House in Chicago, the first private social welfare agency in the U.S., to assist the poor, combat juvenile delinquency and help immigrants learn to speak English.
Florence Kelley
1893 helped persuade Illinois to prohibit child labor and limit the number of hours women worked; helped found the National Child Labor Committee
Mary Baker Eddy
Founded the Church of Christian Scientists and set forth the basic doctrine of Christian Science.
Charles Darwin
English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882)
William James
founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment; wrote first psychology textbook – The Principles of Psychology
Horatio Alger
Popular novelist during the Industrial Revolution who wrote “rags to riches” books praising the values of hard work
Carrie Chapman Catt
Spoke powerfully in favor of suffrage, worked as a school principal and a reporter ., became head of the National American Woman Suffrage, an inspiried speaker and abrilliant organizer. Devised a detailed battle plan for fighting the war of suffrage.
This man was devoted to American unity, he was extremely popular with Roman Catholics and Protestants. Bishop of Baltimore who supported the Knights of Labor
Dwight L. Moody
Americas most famous evangelist during the 19th century, he brought the tradition of old time revivalism to the industrial city.
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