The TIMS architecture is represented as training information management system. The architecture of this management system needs some recommendations. The recommendations are based of network topology, number of tiers and client and server (Kisch & Kelch, 2013).
The two-tier client-server architecture is recommended for creating the architecture regarding the training information management system. It only meets the requirements for developing the TIMS architecture. By using this two tier architecture we can make the direct communication between client and server. Also it has tight coupling. So the connection will be stronger (Lewis, 2002).
The star topology is recommended for developing the architecture such as training information management system (Kincaid & Phillips, 2011). The star topology is established in the network diagram. This network contain the devices such as server, switches and workstations. It is suitable for the local area network connection. Here the nodes are connected with the central point by using the switch.
In TIMS architecture, there are client applications, data source, switches and ISP (internet service provider). The client system maintains presentation and application layers and the server system maintains the database layer. This two tier architecture is also known as client server application. In this, the client applications send requests to the database server which then process the request and send back the data to the client applications (SIDERA CASAS, 2015).
Legacy data
The network architecture requirements are regarding the new training center development. So it is not needed much amount of data for the TIMS record. Hence the legacy system is not needed here. Also the verification is needed about the old data. If any old data presents that should be converted or transferred for keeping the storage.
Legacy is an important phenomenon need to be considered while developing the network design. In the network system, the legacy systems don’t provide any useful work. So it spoils the entire system’s efficiency. A good network design must be developed without the legacy systems. But it is not an easy process. Removing the legacy systems from the network involves a lot of complications. It consumes resources, but it benefits on a long-term basis (Brooke & Ramage, 2001).
For removing the legacy systems first we need to find that. For that, we need to study the environment. In this study, we need to consider all the elements of the network systems like servers, network devices, office equipment etc. Here the full network scanning process is carried out to analyze the version details of various systems. By this method, all the details are needed to be collected. Based on the collected data we need to separate the legacy systems. Commonly the legacy systems are identified by using the following criteria (Reddy & Reddy, 2002).
These scanning process must be carried out frequently to avoid the legacy. The major risk in the network which contains the legacy system is its unreliability. Because the legacy system which doesn’t support advanced security systems. By using this attackers and hackers spread the malware into the system (Yang, Yuan & Wang, 2013). A small issue in security creates a big impact on the entire system’s security. In the case of business also it has a number of risks. It leads to a security breach and data stealing. These kind of issues are the reason for the bigger losses. Replacing the legacy system requires huge time and resources. But it is worth it. When compared to the risks involved in the legacy system the time and money spend on the replacement process is not the big thing, it is capable of giving long-term benefits.
For reducing the risks there are two mitigation practices are available and they are,
Restricting the legacy system’s access is the way to reduce the risks involved. But we need to think about the further steps. In this process most of the cases the system used by the physical access. Here some of the special privileges and security policies are developed according to the issues faced. It is simple method than other methods. Also, this method is economically viable. So most of the organization follow this method. Even though it has some limitations. It is not the complete solution for the raised problem. It brings only a temporary solution to the problem.
Remove or replace the legacy system is the effective solution for these problems it completely avoids the risk caused by the legacy system. Here the new system is implemented instead of the older or outdated legacy system. But this practice requires some time and cost. This method is costlier than the restriction method. But benefits of this method higher than the process of restricting the access of the legacy system (Barnatt, 2000).
Web-centricity
Web centric system is not needed for the training information management system. Because it will be viewed as webpage regarding the system. Also this system does not need to cover all audience. It is an advanced feature issue regarding the training information management architecture. Because it can be accessed through web related contents. But here the training information management system not needed the web centricity feature. Web centricity contains the web standards and that could be established through the web environment. It may be used some part regarding the TIMS architecture. Because while developing the architecture for the training information management system, the web server may be used based on the usage of network devices. By this web centricity the user can access the resources regarding the TIMS. Mostly the web centricity had some certain promise regarding the mobile devices (AKHIGBE, ADERIBIGBE & AFOLABI, 2016). This development is based on html5. This is considered as the advanced level for the training information management system. Also the developers are need to be considered for the web centricity. So according to the users the storage need to be expanded. Hence the web centricity is the not needed one regarding the training information management system. It may also create an impact on hardware manufactures. Because the systems are need to be developed with the high features supportive to the cloud storage. It will also make the impact on the IT industries. The training information management system is a small level architecture with a certain specification. Mostly the software developers avoid the intermediaries regarding web centricity. According to the telecommunication the web centricity does not provide the guarantee related to the creation of web application (Zhang & Tang, 2015).
Scalability
Scalability is the required one for training information management system based on the development of technology. The up gradation and extension will be based on the increment of technologies. Also it is considered as the essential one nowadays.
The scalability of the network indicates the effective communication between the devices in the network. It also shows the ability of the system in the network. If the network is scalable means, then it leads to producing the correct output by the systems in the network. This scalability is measured in the following ways. It has the types depends on the application. The administrative scalability indicates that one distributed system should be scalable, if more number of users are added in the network (JaeYong Park, 2012). The functional scalability indicates that the system in the network of architecture should withstand, if any small functions are newly added in the system of network. The other scalability is a load scalability. In network, if the number of inputs increases means, then network should withstand those inputs and need to produce the correct output. If extra systems are added in the network, then the load at the output of the network should withstand all the systems output. Then only the network is scalable. If not, then there is no scalability in the network. It leads to some unsteady network and data loss will occur in the network. Therefore scalability needs to be maintained in the network. In the network, if there is a peer to peer implementations are available means, then it should be like each and every peer needs to be independent of the others (Mili?evi? & Milovanovi?, 2015). Because, if the request on one peer is overflow means, then it should not affect the others in the network. If the peers are dependent means, it will affects the whole process of the network. Therefore the peers needs to be independent of others in the peer to peer connection of network. This will maintain the scalability in the network. The network consists of number of systems. If these system’s applications are upgraded means, then the network should be able to produce the same output and it should maintain the storage space in it. It is referred to scalability of the network.
Security
Usually the security is needed to against the hackers, malwares and viruses. Because the web access may be affected through the hackers or malwares. Also it needed to mitigate the risks regarding the person’s information.
The security of the systems in the network is managed in three stages. They are planning, implementation and last is verification and updating. The planning of the security is very important in each and every system. First it requires to find about the requirements for security in the network. In the requirements, the data security services should be defined the IT resources. Then, it should identify and evaluate the threats, vulnerabilities. The services in the data security process is mainly divided into two process (Hentea, 2007). First is the data security provides the service to the risk assessment. Then, second is the data security needs to provide service to identify, select the data security controls to overcome the risks in the network. The data security controls are selected on the type of analysis in the risk. Risk analysis is responsible for every threat in the system. Risk estimation is also takes in an organization to know about the chance of occurring the risks, and threats in the systems.
The main aim of defining IT resources is to make the protection against the resources. This would be done based on the value of classifications of resources. So this activity needs to keep in the training management information system. Hence the data security is the essential one in the TIMS architecture. And normally the definition should include clear description about the IT resources and various technologies. The security services are need to be considered about these methods for the TIMS architecture. And these functions are need to be performed based on the cost value. So according to the TIMS architecture the risks and critical resources should be identified. These resources will help in the future to determine the data security services (Monitor, 2000).
Identifying the threats regarding the TIMS architecture
After that the security risk are need to be analyzed and evaluated. The risk identification is considered as an essential one in the training management system architecture. Also the risks need to be estimated. By this analysis we can estimate the threats based on the training information management system (“Fundamentals of Information Systems Security/Information Security and Risk Management – Wikibooks, open books for an open world”, 2018). Generally the TIMS architecture needs data security solutions. These solution should be used to make the efficient process to protect the IT resources. And the data security controls are need to be selected regarding the development of TIMS architecture. These controls should be based on risk analysis and security standards. Then the policies, requirements and security controls. Before developing the TIMS architecture the security services are need to be verified by the corresponding expert. And then finally the data security controls will be implemented based on the training information management security (Humphreys, 2008).
Batch processing
Batch processing is effective one to establish the data process in a particular amount of time. But it is not needed by now for the training information management system. It could be effective in the future.
Batch processing indicates the jobs available in the systems needs to be completed in sequential order (or) continuously. By using this process, the large jobs are separated into small jobs and complete the jobs as soon as possible. It is also used in the Work Load Automation (WLA), and the Job scheduling. The batch processing has more advantages while using in the system of networks. It is very fast and its cost is also low. Batch processing reduces the work of the data entry workers in the organization. This process don’t need any support from the data entry clerks. So, it reduces the cost which spends for labor. Then, it also not require any subsystems to work the functions in it. It means, batch processing can do the work in the normal system itself. It don’t needs any extra hardware components along with the system in the network. Batch processing can be done in offline mode. So, after completing all the works in an organization, the batch processing is running in the systems. The software are set to process the batches in overnight (HUANG, 2002). It helps to reduce the time consumption of day works. If the batch processing takes place in day time means, then it needs time to complete. Therefore, there should be no delay in every day works. Because batch processing completes in the night time. In modern and updated batch processing software, notification options are there. So, I will be very helpful to the managers. In olden batch processing software, there is no such options for notification. If any job completes its batch processing means, then the particular person needs to login to the system and check whether the job is complete or not. But, now the notification itself tells about the status of batch processing in the system. There is some disadvantages in batch processing. Batch processing needs trained persons to work with it (“Information Management Framework”, 2018). As technology develops, the batch processing software also upgraded. Skilled and trained persons are need to do the work on it. It’s very difficult for not trained persons. It cannot be operated by the person who is having some basic knowledge. It is one of the disadvantage. Then, debugging is also difficult in batch processing. Because it is very complex to solve the errors. It automates the job running process in an organization (James, 2006). It will cost more according to its usage on the organization.
The total cost ownership for the training information management architecture is described based on the used network devices. They are startup, operational and retirement costs. The startup costs including some kind of operation regarding the development of costs. They are hardware, software, implementation, training and customization. Here the hardware costs includes cost of servers and data storage. The implementation needs the costs for the configuring and data storage.
And then the operational cost evaluations are need to be developed. It contains the operation such as maintenance support, user licenses, patches, enhancement, training, data center, upgrades and the security. Here the maintenance part need the costs for handling the network devices and servers. Then also the cost is needed for solving the bugs and issues regarding the development of TIMS architecture. It also consider about the costs of data center and upgrades regarding the software and hardware (Zeibig, 2005).
Finally the retirement costs should be analyzed. This includes the costs of developers, user license and archived systems. This type of cost management need to make the analysis about the software and hardware developers. It should also make a concern about the inactive licenses. These type of cost estimation will lead the good level regarding the training information management architecture.
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TIMS architecture |
YES |
NO |
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Do you need the legacy system for TIMS? |
ü |
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Do you need a web-centric system to cover large number of users? |
ü |
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Whether the scalability is existing in the TIMS architecture or not? |
ü |
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Is the TIMS architecture is secured or not? |
ü |
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Do the TIMS architecture have any method for making the process in an effective manner? |
ü |
References
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Kisch, H., & Kelch, R. (2013). Design and Architecture of Distance-Learning Frameworks for Generating Components of Webbased Training Tools with Integrated Recommender System- and Knowledge Management Services. Revista Educaonline, 7(2), 85-94. doi: 10.18247/1983-2664/educaonline.v7n2p85-94
Lewis, B. (2002). On-demand KM: a two-tier architecture. IT Professional, 4(1), 27-33. doi: 10.1109/6294.988698
SIDERA CASAS, J. (2015). Visio artis, Simbolismo, Analogía y Ontología en el Arte de Ramon Llull / Visio artis, Symbolism, Analogy and Ontology in the Art of Ramon Llull. Revista Española De Filosofía Medieval, 22, 11. doi: 10.21071/refime.v22i.6208
AKHIGBE, B., ADERIBIGBE, S., & AFOLABI, B. (2016). Evaluating Web-based Technologies: The Paradigm of User-centricity. Journal Of Applied Computer Science & Mathematics, 10(2), 32-39. doi: 10.4316/jacsm.201602005
Barnatt, C. (2000). E-Legacy: The IP Systems Challenge. Journal Of General Management, 25(4), 1-16. doi: 10.1177/030630700002500401
Brooke, C., & Ramage, M. (2001). Organisational scenarios and legacy systems. International Journal Of Information Management, 21(5), 365-384. doi: 10.1016/s0268-4012(01)00023-8
Fundamentals of Information Systems Security/Information Security and Risk Management – Wikibooks, open books for an open world. (2018). Retrieved from https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Fundamentals_of_Information_Systems_Security/Information_Security_and_Risk_Management
Hentea, M. (2007). Intelligent System for Information Security Management: Architecture and Design. Issues In Informing Science And Information Technology, 4, 029-043. doi: 10.28945/930
HUANG, A. (2002).End-User Training Management Systems. Journal Of Educational Technology Systems, 31(1), 19-33. doi: 10.2190/fcfv-4634-xa8d-uhm1
Humphreys, E. (2008). Information security management standards: Compliance, governance and risk management. Information Security Technical Report, 13(4), 247-255. doi: 10.1016/j.istr.2008.10.010
Information Management Framework. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.information-management-architect.com/information-management-framework.html
JaeYong Park. (2012). An Analysis on Training Curriculum for Educating Information Security Experts. Management & Information Systems Review, 31(1), 149-165. doi: 10.29214/damis.2012.31.1.007
James, D. (2006). Best of the batch [batch processing]. Manufacturing Engineer, 85(4), 32-37. doi: 10.1049/me:20060408
Mili?evi?, V., & Milovanovi?, S. (2015). Training System for Crisis Management Supported by Contemporary Information Technologies. Economic Themes, 53(3), 433-449. doi: 10.1515/ethemes-2015-0025
Monitor, I. (2000). Information Security Architecture: An Integrated Approach to Security in the Organization. Information & Security: An International Journal, 4, 116. doi: 10.11610/isij.0409
Reddy, S., & Reddy, R. (2002). Competitive agility and the challenge of legacy information systems. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 102(1), 5-16. doi: 10.1108/02635570210414613
Yang, Y., Yuan, C., & Wang, N. (2013). Research on Manufacturing Enterprise Training Management Information System Based on B/S Architecture. Applied Mechanics And Materials, 340, 116-121. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.340.116
Zhang, L., & Tang, Y. (2015). Design and Implementation of Information Management System for Training Institutions. Applied Mechanics And Materials, 743, 652-655. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.743.652
Zeibig, S. (2005). Total Cost of Ownership (TCO). Controlling, 17(11), 691-692. doi: 10.15358/0935-0381-2005-11-691
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