Discuss about the Artificial Intelligence of Machines.
Artificial Intelligence in the words of Hoagland (1985), it’s a new effort to made computers think; in short artificial intelligence can be explained as machines with Minds. Artificial intelligence is the property of the machines in which they can think themselves and take necessary actions as required for the given conditions. AI can understand its environment perfectly and take necessary steps as required according to the situation. It’s a field of study in computer science which is concentrated over the automation of intelligent behavior in the machines. A human being is unique because of its ability to think and analyze the challenges and capabilities perfectly and we could take necessary steps for the solution of the problems. The Artificial acts same and provides this property to the machines so that they can become intelligent just like the Human beings (Luger & Stubblefield, 1993). This commonly involves two main approaches which are reasoning ability and thought process it should be relational as well which means a machine could be rational if it has the ability to perfectly analyze and do the right thing. This requires extensive work and engineering which are evolved with the functions of the Artificial Intelligence. A robot with intelligence can perform a task with accuracy and more efficiently, which is considers as one of the advantages of the Artificial Intelligence. In this assignment, I will discuss the Artificial Intelligence starting from the History and the Evolution. In present Artificial Intelligence is in the developing phase and it’s being more accurate and perfect day by day.
History:
Artificial intelligence is a collection of the thoughts, philosophy, and reasoning. From over last 2000 years of tradition in philosophy the theory o the reasoning and philosophy have emerged in significant way. With the development of the human civilization and Mathematics, we have reached ahead. Philosophy, Mathematics, Psychology development has played a significant role in the development of the artificial intelligence. Many Mathematicians has invented many short tricks and methods which were used for the complex mathematical calculations. Later, calculators and counters have played a significant role in the development of technologies which could do faster calculations. The evolution of computer and software has done a significant job with the development of the Artificial Intelligence. The AI research field was first founded in a conference on the campus of the Dartmouth College in the year 1956 which has attracted many types of research like John McCarthy and Arthur Samuel (Crevier, 1993). Till the 60’s the Artificial Intelligence research were mainly funded by the Ministry of Defense with laboratories around the world (Howe, 1994). In 80’s the research had achieved significant success in the field of artificial intelligence with the evolution of the Expert systems which has the capability to stimulate the knowledge and the reasoning ability of more than one human expert. This system was commercially successful as many companies and government agencies have adopted this system for the betterment of the businesses and for the research purposes. The artificial Intelligence has been utilized by the researchers for analysis in research facilities and this became useful for them and later on this system was adopted by many more organizations (Russel, 1995).
Evolution and Progress:
The artificial field of research was first proposed in a conference in the year 1956 which was later proceed by different studies. The evolution of the artificial Intelligence can be found millennia ago with the development of the human civilization. In the dawn of 19th century, William Paley first argued about the requirement of the intelligent designers which are needed for the development of the complex adaptive system. One of very first papers on the machine Intelligence names computing Machinery and Intelligence was written by the British mathematician Alan Turing (Turing, 1950). He started to research over the computable numbers and in the year 1937 he has proposed central limit theorem and wrote about the computable numbers where he has proposed the concept of universal machine. This was used by the British Intelligence in during the Second World War to break the German coded Messages. Successful completion of the artificial Intelligence we need two things, which are artifacts and the intelligence (Negnevitsky, 2005). The computer is considered as artifacts and best equipment which can demonstrate the intelligence. The first operational modern computer was Heath Robinson in the year 1940; this was built by the team of Alan Turing’s team. In later years many vacuum tubes used Computers came into existence also some programmable computers like German Z-3 computers. The first breakthrough was the IBM 701 which was the most successful General purpose digital computer. This computer became a successful invention in the decade and yielded billions of dollars as revenue for the IBM. This led to the revolution in the computer industry and companies started to spend over the research on the most improved version of the computer system (Specter, 2006). Generation based computer development led to the development of the more improved and developed computer system. The most improved version is the 5th generation of computers which we are using nowadays and, this has the capability calculate a large number of algorithms at a time. The development of the Software system can’t be ignored as this made a significant impact on the development of the Artificial Intelligence.
In a time frame, the evolution of the artificial Intelligence ranges from the year 1950 to 2015.
1950- Alan turning Turing published the first paper about the artificial Intelligence and stated the possibility of the machines with Intelligence. Alan and team also introduce the first computer which they have used in World War 2 for decoding German messages. This led to the invention of the Vacuum pipe based computer system (Russel, 2003).
1956- John McCarthy first established the Artificial Intelligence research field in a conference. This was stated here and lead to the establishment of research field regarding the Artificial Intelligence. This conference was attended by many types of research.
1995- US department of defiance first used UAV in Balkan war. The predator drone was equipped with Artificial Intelligence system and this led to further development in this field.
1997- IBM Deep blue AI system wins a chess match against world champion Gary Kasparov.
2011- Debut of Virtual personal assistance like SIRI and Cortana. SIRI and CORTANA are two personal assistant robots which are developed by Apple Inc. and Microsoft Corp.
2011- IBM Watson computer defeats Jeopardy game show champion.
Oct 2013- Vicarious breaks any Captcha and passed the Turing test.
Jan 2014- Deep mind teams created a program which won the Atari Games.
May 2015- Google started the self-driven cars, which are considered as a revolution in human history. This project is still in development phase and its considered as the next generation machine with Intelligence.
Jun 2015- Facebook detects launches moments which can detect faces and make a gallery with tagging the friends whom they know.
The timeline describes the real changes which have occurred since the evolution of the Artificial Intelligence. As this is considered that artificial intelligence consists of developing human intelligence and rationality in the machines so we must talk about the human civilization development.
Artificial Intelligence exists in our day to day life, the spell checker which is used by the computers and automatic spelling correction are few examples which we can count. A machine with Artificial Intelligence or we can say that a machine with the self-thinking and analyzing ability is somewhat equal to the normal human being. We use SIRI in our day to day life for personal assistance; the SIRI is a personal assistant for us. This is a robot with own thinking ability and it’s designed to solve our issues related to different dimensions. A mining robot goes into the deep ocean and explores the possibility of the existence of oil and minerals inside the sea surface which are a difficult task for a human being meanwhile NASA is extensively using robots with self-intelligence for the Space missions.
Artificial can do different tasks;
Reasoning and Logic: This is considered as one of the basic needs of the Artificial Intelligence. This is considered as the inbuilt ability of the Artificial Intelligence, which means the machines can do reasoning and produce logic as we humans do. Machines with intelligence are being used in a security system as well as in the defense program by the governments around the world. The present Black Hawk MK 2 predator drone which was developed by the US Department of Defense and this is being used for different purposes. The machines are programmed to do as a specific task which is assigned to do. The accuracy and the time efficiency are considered as major parts (Poole, 1998).
Artificial intelligence and their application in our day to day life are increasing significantly. Nowadays with the greater research and development in the computer as well as in the software system is making it more users friendly and advanced. AI is being used in the Games where the opponents are programmed and they can take own moves as per requirements. Machine learning is another thing which can be seen in the artificial intelligence; robots are dancing over the music beats and giving expression. The same applies when robots are playing football like we play with certain moves. This defines the ability of machine learning; these machines are programmed so that they can do certain tasks with more accuracy and with more efficiency at less time (Bundy, 1980). In the 21st century the computer system, as well as the software system, is developing at a greater pace which is considered as host and mind in the Artificial intelligence.
The advantages of Artificial Intelligence:
The disadvantages of the artificial intelligence:
Conclusion:
In this assignment, I have discussed the Artificial Intelligence. Artificial system is a revolutionary development in human history which consists of philosophy, behavior and the technological advancement generation by generations. In this assignment, I conclude that Artificial Intelligence is an ongoing development in the present human generation which will define the future of the human-made technology. The present artificial Intelligence contains the roots from last 2000 years when human civilizations started to define the behavior and philosophy. I have also discussed the Evolution of the Computer system as well as the Artificial Intelligence; this was first started in 1951 by the British scientist Turing which is later preceded by different researchers and scientists. The evolution process also contains the development of the digital computer and the software. I have also mentioned the ability of the Artificial Intelligence, what this technology can do and where we are using this technology. The pros and cons are also stated in the assignment. These advantages and Disadvantages are something which is needed to be addressed properly. Especially, the impacts of the artificial Intelligence over the Human thinking and working ability. Being too much dependable over the artificial intelligence and technology will make us lazy and dependable over the technology. This will also affect our capabilities, so we need to address these issues to improve the situation which we may face.
Reference:
Crevier, Daniel (1993), AI: The Tumultuous Search for Artificial Intelligence, New York, NY: BasicBooks
McCorduck, Pamela (2004), Machines Who Think (2nd ed.), Natick, MA: A. K. Peters, Ltd
Nilsson, Nils (2009). The Quest for Artificial Intelligence: A History of Ideas and Achievements. New York: Cambridge University Press
Poole, David; Mackworth, Alan; Goebel, Randy (1998). Computational Intelligence: A Logical Approach. New York: Oxford University Press
Spector, (2012), Evolution of artificial intelligence, ELSEVIER Journal
Russell, Stuart J.; Norvig, Peter (2003), Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (2nd ed.), Upper Saddle River, New Jersey
Charniak, D. McDermott, (1985), Introduction to Artificial Intelligence, Addison-Wesley
Dean, J. Allen, Y. Aloimonos, (1995), Artificial Intelligence: Theory and Practice, Benjamin/Cummings, New York
Lara, (2015), What Can Artificial Intelligence Do For Us? Retrieved from https://thegreatiproject.com/what-can-artificial-intelligence-do-for-us/
N.J. Nilsson, (1998), Artificial Intelligence: A New Synthesis, Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco
Howe, J. (November 1994). “Artificial Intelligence at Edinburgh University: a Perspective”
Haugeland, John (1985). Artificial Intelligence: The Very Idea. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press
Lohn, G.S. Hornby, D. Linden, An evolved antenna for deployment on NASA’s space technology 5 mission
Yu, B. Worzel (Eds.), (2004) Genetic Programming Theory and Practice II, Springer, New York
Poli, W.B. Langdon, (2006) Backward-chaining evolutionary algorithms, Artificial Intelligence
P.H. Winston, (1984), Artificial Intelligence, second ed., Addison-Wesley
A.M. Turing, (1992), Intelligent machinery, in D.C. Ince (Ed.), Collected Works of A.M. Turing: Mechanical Intelligence, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam
Abelson, H. and DiSessa, A. (1981). Turtle Geometry: The Computer as a Medium for Exploring Mathematics. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
Abramson, H., and Rogers, M.H. (Eds.) (1989). Meta-Programming in Logic Programming. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
Discuss about the Artificial Intelligence of Machines.
Artificial Intelligence in the words of Hoagland (1985), it’s a new effort to made computers think; in short artificial intelligence can be explained as machines with Minds. Artificial intelligence is the property of the machines in which they can think themselves and take necessary actions as required for the given conditions. AI can understand its environment perfectly and take necessary steps as required according to the situation. It’s a field of study in computer science which is concentrated over the automation of intelligent behavior in the machines. A human being is unique because of its ability to think and analyze the challenges and capabilities perfectly and we could take necessary steps for the solution of the problems. The Artificial acts same and provides this property to the machines so that they can become intelligent just like the Human beings (Luger & Stubblefield, 1993). This commonly involves two main approaches which are reasoning ability and thought process it should be relational as well which means a machine could be rational if it has the ability to perfectly analyze and do the right thing. This requires extensive work and engineering which are evolved with the functions of the Artificial Intelligence. A robot with intelligence can perform a task with accuracy and more efficiently, which is considers as one of the advantages of the Artificial Intelligence. In this assignment, I will discuss the Artificial Intelligence starting from the History and the Evolution. In present Artificial Intelligence is in the developing phase and it’s being more accurate and perfect day by day.
History:
Artificial intelligence is a collection of the thoughts, philosophy, and reasoning. From over last 2000 years of tradition in philosophy the theory o the reasoning and philosophy have emerged in significant way. With the development of the human civilization and Mathematics, we have reached ahead. Philosophy, Mathematics, Psychology development has played a significant role in the development of the artificial intelligence. Many Mathematicians has invented many short tricks and methods which were used for the complex mathematical calculations. Later, calculators and counters have played a significant role in the development of technologies which could do faster calculations. The evolution of computer and software has done a significant job with the development of the Artificial Intelligence. The AI research field was first founded in a conference on the campus of the Dartmouth College in the year 1956 which has attracted many types of research like John McCarthy and Arthur Samuel (Crevier, 1993). Till the 60’s the Artificial Intelligence research were mainly funded by the Ministry of Defense with laboratories around the world (Howe, 1994). In 80’s the research had achieved significant success in the field of artificial intelligence with the evolution of the Expert systems which has the capability to stimulate the knowledge and the reasoning ability of more than one human expert. This system was commercially successful as many companies and government agencies have adopted this system for the betterment of the businesses and for the research purposes. The artificial Intelligence has been utilized by the researchers for analysis in research facilities and this became useful for them and later on this system was adopted by many more organizations (Russel, 1995).
Evolution and Progress:
The artificial field of research was first proposed in a conference in the year 1956 which was later proceed by different studies. The evolution of the artificial Intelligence can be found millennia ago with the development of the human civilization. In the dawn of 19th century, William Paley first argued about the requirement of the intelligent designers which are needed for the development of the complex adaptive system. One of very first papers on the machine Intelligence names computing Machinery and Intelligence was written by the British mathematician Alan Turing (Turing, 1950). He started to research over the computable numbers and in the year 1937 he has proposed central limit theorem and wrote about the computable numbers where he has proposed the concept of universal machine. This was used by the British Intelligence in during the Second World War to break the German coded Messages. Successful completion of the artificial Intelligence we need two things, which are artifacts and the intelligence (Negnevitsky, 2005). The computer is considered as artifacts and best equipment which can demonstrate the intelligence. The first operational modern computer was Heath Robinson in the year 1940; this was built by the team of Alan Turing’s team. In later years many vacuum tubes used Computers came into existence also some programmable computers like German Z-3 computers. The first breakthrough was the IBM 701 which was the most successful General purpose digital computer. This computer became a successful invention in the decade and yielded billions of dollars as revenue for the IBM. This led to the revolution in the computer industry and companies started to spend over the research on the most improved version of the computer system (Specter, 2006). Generation based computer development led to the development of the more improved and developed computer system. The most improved version is the 5th generation of computers which we are using nowadays and, this has the capability calculate a large number of algorithms at a time. The development of the Software system can’t be ignored as this made a significant impact on the development of the Artificial Intelligence.
In a time frame, the evolution of the artificial Intelligence ranges from the year 1950 to 2015.
1950- Alan turning Turing published the first paper about the artificial Intelligence and stated the possibility of the machines with Intelligence. Alan and team also introduce the first computer which they have used in World War 2 for decoding German messages. This led to the invention of the Vacuum pipe based computer system (Russel, 2003).
1956- John McCarthy first established the Artificial Intelligence research field in a conference. This was stated here and lead to the establishment of research field regarding the Artificial Intelligence. This conference was attended by many types of research.
1995- US department of defiance first used UAV in Balkan war. The predator drone was equipped with Artificial Intelligence system and this led to further development in this field.
1997- IBM Deep blue AI system wins a chess match against world champion Gary Kasparov.
2011- Debut of Virtual personal assistance like SIRI and Cortana. SIRI and CORTANA are two personal assistant robots which are developed by Apple Inc. and Microsoft Corp.
2011- IBM Watson computer defeats Jeopardy game show champion.
Oct 2013- Vicarious breaks any Captcha and passed the Turing test.
Jan 2014- Deep mind teams created a program which won the Atari Games.
May 2015- Google started the self-driven cars, which are considered as a revolution in human history. This project is still in development phase and its considered as the next generation machine with Intelligence.
Jun 2015- Facebook detects launches moments which can detect faces and make a gallery with tagging the friends whom they know.
The timeline describes the real changes which have occurred since the evolution of the Artificial Intelligence. As this is considered that artificial intelligence consists of developing human intelligence and rationality in the machines so we must talk about the human civilization development.
Artificial Intelligence exists in our day to day life, the spell checker which is used by the computers and automatic spelling correction are few examples which we can count. A machine with Artificial Intelligence or we can say that a machine with the self-thinking and analyzing ability is somewhat equal to the normal human being. We use SIRI in our day to day life for personal assistance; the SIRI is a personal assistant for us. This is a robot with own thinking ability and it’s designed to solve our issues related to different dimensions. A mining robot goes into the deep ocean and explores the possibility of the existence of oil and minerals inside the sea surface which are a difficult task for a human being meanwhile NASA is extensively using robots with self-intelligence for the Space missions.
Artificial can do different tasks;
Reasoning and Logic: This is considered as one of the basic needs of the Artificial Intelligence. This is considered as the inbuilt ability of the Artificial Intelligence, which means the machines can do reasoning and produce logic as we humans do. Machines with intelligence are being used in a security system as well as in the defense program by the governments around the world. The present Black Hawk MK 2 predator drone which was developed by the US Department of Defense and this is being used for different purposes. The machines are programmed to do as a specific task which is assigned to do. The accuracy and the time efficiency are considered as major parts (Poole, 1998).
Artificial intelligence and their application in our day to day life are increasing significantly. Nowadays with the greater research and development in the computer as well as in the software system is making it more users friendly and advanced. AI is being used in the Games where the opponents are programmed and they can take own moves as per requirements. Machine learning is another thing which can be seen in the artificial intelligence; robots are dancing over the music beats and giving expression. The same applies when robots are playing football like we play with certain moves. This defines the ability of machine learning; these machines are programmed so that they can do certain tasks with more accuracy and with more efficiency at less time (Bundy, 1980). In the 21st century the computer system, as well as the software system, is developing at a greater pace which is considered as host and mind in the Artificial intelligence.
The advantages of Artificial Intelligence:
The disadvantages of the artificial intelligence:
Conclusion:
In this assignment, I have discussed the Artificial Intelligence. Artificial system is a revolutionary development in human history which consists of philosophy, behavior and the technological advancement generation by generations. In this assignment, I conclude that Artificial Intelligence is an ongoing development in the present human generation which will define the future of the human-made technology. The present artificial Intelligence contains the roots from last 2000 years when human civilizations started to define the behavior and philosophy. I have also discussed the Evolution of the Computer system as well as the Artificial Intelligence; this was first started in 1951 by the British scientist Turing which is later preceded by different researchers and scientists. The evolution process also contains the development of the digital computer and the software. I have also mentioned the ability of the Artificial Intelligence, what this technology can do and where we are using this technology. The pros and cons are also stated in the assignment. These advantages and Disadvantages are something which is needed to be addressed properly. Especially, the impacts of the artificial Intelligence over the Human thinking and working ability. Being too much dependable over the artificial intelligence and technology will make us lazy and dependable over the technology. This will also affect our capabilities, so we need to address these issues to improve the situation which we may face.
Reference:
Crevier, Daniel (1993), AI: The Tumultuous Search for Artificial Intelligence, New York, NY: BasicBooks
McCorduck, Pamela (2004), Machines Who Think (2nd ed.), Natick, MA: A. K. Peters, Ltd
Nilsson, Nils (2009). The Quest for Artificial Intelligence: A History of Ideas and Achievements. New York: Cambridge University Press
Poole, David; Mackworth, Alan; Goebel, Randy (1998). Computational Intelligence: A Logical Approach. New York: Oxford University Press
Spector, (2012), Evolution of artificial intelligence, ELSEVIER Journal
Russell, Stuart J.; Norvig, Peter (2003), Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (2nd ed.), Upper Saddle River, New Jersey
Charniak, D. McDermott, (1985), Introduction to Artificial Intelligence, Addison-Wesley
Dean, J. Allen, Y. Aloimonos, (1995), Artificial Intelligence: Theory and Practice, Benjamin/Cummings, New York
Lara, (2015), What Can Artificial Intelligence Do For Us? Retrieved from https://thegreatiproject.com/what-can-artificial-intelligence-do-for-us/
N.J. Nilsson, (1998), Artificial Intelligence: A New Synthesis, Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco
Howe, J. (November 1994). “Artificial Intelligence at Edinburgh University: a Perspective”
Haugeland, John (1985). Artificial Intelligence: The Very Idea. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press
Lohn, G.S. Hornby, D. Linden, An evolved antenna for deployment on NASA’s space technology 5 mission
Yu, B. Worzel (Eds.), (2004) Genetic Programming Theory and Practice II, Springer, New York
Poli, W.B. Langdon, (2006) Backward-chaining evolutionary algorithms, Artificial Intelligence
P.H. Winston, (1984), Artificial Intelligence, second ed., Addison-Wesley
A.M. Turing, (1992), Intelligent machinery, in D.C. Ince (Ed.), Collected Works of A.M. Turing: Mechanical Intelligence, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam
Abelson, H. and DiSessa, A. (1981). Turtle Geometry: The Computer as a Medium for Exploring Mathematics. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
Abramson, H., and Rogers, M.H. (Eds.) (1989). Meta-Programming in Logic Programming. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
Essay Writing Service Features
Our Experience
No matter how complex your assignment is, we can find the right professional for your specific task. Contact Essay is an essay writing company that hires only the smartest minds to help you with your projects. Our expertise allows us to provide students with high-quality academic writing, editing & proofreading services.
Free Features
Free revision policy
$10Free bibliography & reference
$8Free title page
$8Free formatting
$8How Our Essay Writing Service Works
First, you will need to complete an order form. It's not difficult but, in case there is anything you find not to be clear, you may always call us so that we can guide you through it. On the order form, you will need to include some basic information concerning your order: subject, topic, number of pages, etc. We also encourage our clients to upload any relevant information or sources that will help.
Complete the order form
Once we have all the information and instructions that we need, we select the most suitable writer for your assignment. While everything seems to be clear, the writer, who has complete knowledge of the subject, may need clarification from you. It is at that point that you would receive a call or email from us.
Writer’s assignment
As soon as the writer has finished, it will be delivered both to the website and to your email address so that you will not miss it. If your deadline is close at hand, we will place a call to you to make sure that you receive the paper on time.
Completing the order and download