Cloud Computing is a trending topic in Information Technology sector in the modern world. Cloud computing has been emerging is a big way that has helped many business organization in their success. The cloud computing has created a hype in the market after 2008 and continuing. The use of deployment models of the cloud computing has helped in maintaining the risks and privacy factor in the cloud services (McNeil, Frey & Embrechts, 2015). There are various applications used in the cloud computing that helps in maintaining the security and privacy in the cloud services. The deployment models of the cloud computing are helpful in maintaining the privacy and security of the data and information in the cloud storage. The security protocol for different deployment model is different for different cases. These security protocols maintain a proper security agenda for securing the data and information in the cloud server and storage. There are various risks in the cloud computing that are analyzed in the report.
This report deals with the security and privacy issues in cloud computing implemented in the Department of Administrative Services (DAS). Different threats and security risks in the data base of the DAS. The threats are also discussed after implementation of SaaS application of cloud.
This report outlines the comparison between DAS services and SaaS cloud services. The threats and risks involved in both of them are discussed in the report. This report also discussed about the solutions to the risks involved in them by using SaaS services by the providers.
The Department of Administrative Services is an administrative body that helps in providing a space for saving the financial funds and data and information of the many company in the market. Business organization used to store their data and information regarding their employees and other staffs. The personnel policy and personnel administration of the employees are stored in the DAS that helps in securing the data and information (Carver & Wolsey, 2015). The Australian government has stored the data and information regarding employees and staffs in the Department of Administrative Services. Various statutory security services enable huge security to the data and information in the Department of Administrative Services. The Department of Administrative Services provides various accountable payable, administrative management and payroll services to the government. The use of the DAS services by the organization has helped in maintaining a proper database of the data and information of the employees (McNeil, Frey & Embrechts, 2015). The DAS services provides the budget control, procurement services and financial helps to the organization in the market under the Australian government. This helps in maintaining the stability of the companies in the market regarding the financial condition of the company.
Figure 1: Cloud Computing
(Source: Lam, 2014)
The shared approach of the DAS has helped in controlling the database properly. The shared approach has helped in centralizing the database of the company in the market. The data and information of the employees and other staffs are centralized and can be accessed from anywhere in the state. This has also helped in enhancing the security of the data and information of the employees in the market (Lam, 2014). The centralized data format can be easily accessible by the employee anywhere in the state. This has helped in managing the human resource in different business organization in the market. The HR department of the companies gave helped in understanding the needs of the employees in the companies. Communication among the employees have enhanced with the implementation of the Shared approach in the DAS. The DAS has enabled the centralized format of data and information access to the employees and other staffs in the organization. The Australian government is able to provide a consolidated service to the employees of the companies by the use of the shared approach of the Department of Administrative Services.
The Department of Administrative Services is able to provide a centralized database services to the Australian Government (Smith et al., 2015). The data and information can be accessed from anywhere in the region. On the other hand, there are some limitation of the centralized database provided by Department of Administrative Services.
The centralized database system has helped in providing excessive privileges to the users if the database. Therefore, due to excessive privileges provided, limitations might occur in the database. The access of the database is done buy all the employees of the company that makes the data and information unsecure (Neves et al., 2014). Anyone can access nay data and the centralized database offered by the Department of Administrative Services. This is one of the major problem of the Department of Administrative Services centralized database. Therefore, all the payroll and accounting information of the employees and other staffs in the organization are open for all the employees using centralized database. The security of the data and information of the employees gets minimal it the use of the shared approach of the Department of Administrative Services in the Australian government (Koks et al., 2015). Due to excessive privileges, users are provided generic access to the data and information of the employees causing loss to the companies in the market. The database might be analysed and alternated by the users and thus the data and information gets open for all the employees in the company. This might cause litigious to the users of the centralized database.
There are legitimate databases issues in an unauthorized way that can be accessed by the users of the company in the market. There are many personal information of the employees in the databases that are private for other employees in the company. The Department of Administrative Services has allowed the users to access all the information of the employees and other staffs. This has caused a big problem for the users of the databases (DeMarco & Lister, 2013). There are various personal information of the employees stored in the centralized database that are shared with different users in the organizations. The login credentials including user id and password are saved in the database that can be accessed by other employees in the organization. This can be quite dangerous for the user for accessing the profile of other employees in the organization.
There are two types of database injection including SQL Injection and NoSQL Injection. The SQL injection attacks involve the unauthorized statement that are made in the database during the input session in web application (Marcelino-Sádaba et al., 2014). The NoSQL injection attacks is done by injecting malicious statements in the Big Data components. Therefore, both the type of injection attacks in database breaches the data and information of the employees in the organization. These attacks are almost same kind of attack in the database.
As mentioned by Christopher et al., (2017), various malwares and viruses are injected in the database that tracks the data and information stored in the database. Various hackers use viruses and malwares to create phishing mails that breaches the data form the database of the organization (Pritchard & PMP, 2014). This malwares damages the table in the databases and tracks the data and information regarding the employees of the company in the market. The Department of Administrative Services have a low security protocol installed in the database that create a prone chance of data breach in the database. These malwares can crash the whole database and the company loses all the data and information. The hardware problem is one of the major problem in the database. As commented by Burke, (2013), the recovery process of the data and information from the database is a difficult process. Therefore, the malware attack is a high-level risk for the database system in Department of Administrative Services.
The security concern of the data is driven by the involvement of the third party compromising the security, access and control over the application. Many organizations are concerned with the security of their data and information in the company database. The collection of huge amount of data and information of the employees and other staffs of the company move to the cloud storage. As mentioned by Carvalho & Rabechini Junior, (2015), the cloud storage helps in providing a large amount of storage online. Therefore, many companies are moving towards the cloud computing services. One of these services is Software as a Service (SaaS). In this context, Australian government have shifted to the cloud-computing concept for storing data and information of the employees. It has shifted to SaaS application and purchased a HR personnel management application from company using the SaaS application. This has provided various advantages in this context. On the other hand, there are some security risk in this application.
The application consist of all the data and information of the employee in the organization. All the employee data and information regarding up gradation in the office are stored in the application. The security of the employee data and information are in danger of being breached. The hackers can hack the application and access all the information of the employee in the company. This can cause a huge loss to the employee and company (Schwalbe, 2015).
Figure 2: SaaS
(Source: Haimes, 2015)
The security of the employee data and information is maintained by the different security protocols installed in the cloud-computing server and SaaS application in the server. These security protocols helps in providing some legal policies that can be implemented in the following SaaS application discussed in the report. As mentioned by Haimes, (2015), this helps in maintaining the security of the data and information of the employee and other staffs in the company.
The privacy of the data and information of the employee is tracked. There are various sensitive data of the employee including the phone number and address of the employee might be hacked by the intruders. As stated by Teller & Kock, (2013), the cloud deployment model provides various security protocols for different risks. The SaaS application of the company might not be able to provide all the services of the cloud computing in the company. The private data of the employee in the Department of Administrative Services have been hacked by the intruders. The private data and information of the employee are important to be secured by providing proper security protocol in the cloud server. The SaaS application provide different software for the service in the company. This software can be used for providing the security to the private data of the employee and other employee of the company (Kerzner, 2013).
The employees of the company have been provided with a digital identity card that validates the presence of the employee in the company. The digital id contains all the personal information of the employee detailed with the organization. Therefore, the security of the digital ID card is important for the employee. As commented by The Digital identity of the employee is important for the authentication in the organization. They used to input the data using their digital identity card into the application. The loss in the digital identity might cause a huge loss to the company. The risk management of the company have to analyses the digital identity card for making the data and information secure.
Figure 3: Risks in SaaS
(Source: Ndungo, Tobias & Florence, 2017)
There are tools installed in the application to initiate various performance management of the company. These tools are helping in maintaining the security of the data and information of the employee in the database, the cloud service provider of the company have the record of the data and information of the company (Ndungo, Tobias & Florence, 2017). The hackers might attack the cloud service provider and hack all the data and information of the employee firm there. This is a high-level risk involved in the cloud service provider. The cloud industry is pushing their standards into legal policies that helps in maintaining the security of data and services provided by the SaaS.
The sensitivity of the data refers to the importance of the data and information for the employee and company in the market. As commented by Cohen, Krishnamoorthy & Wright, 2017), the data sensitivity includes the storage of the important data over the cloud that provides a quality security to the data. On the other hand, there is a huge risk of losing the data from the SaaS application. There is no back up of the sensitive data in the Department of Administrative Services. This has caused a major problem for the cloud service users in the market. The security certification are not updated properly in the server that increases the chance of hacking and losing the data from the cloud application (Agca et al., 2017). The cloud industry is pushing the standards to the kevel that helps in maintaining the data and information of the employee in the cloud service by the SaaS application.
The Department of Administrative Services has applied the Cloud first approach that helps in enabling the cloud services in the organization. As mentioned by Sweeting, (2017), the cloud computing helps in providing the online storage of the data and information in the cloud server. The online storage of the data and information helps in minimizing the threats and risks involved in it. The security issues involved in the cloud computing can be implemented in various content for developing various strategies to mitigate the risks.
As mentioned by Barger et al., (2017), the malicious users and employee can damage the database and breach all the data in the database. This can be implemented in the cloud security server that secures the data and the database. The external attackers can be effective for the security if the infrastructure of the company in the market. The data stored in the online server are monitored in order to maintain the security level of the data and information stored in the SaaS application. The accountancy payroll and other financial information of the employee are maintained in the application that helps in smoothing the practice of data input. As commented by Maloni, Hiatt & Astrachan, (2017), the security of the data and information stored in the SaaS application is performed by the security protocols implemented in the SaaS application. The early detection of the SaaS application.
Figure 4: Risk management in cloud
(Source: No et al., 2017)
The security vulnerabilities reports of the application can be reported to the online server of the company of preparing strategies to resolve the risks in the company. The company has propounded the platform control of the cloud server in the market in the early stages. This can be maintained by the company officials to secure the data and information if the employees. The private data of the employee are stored in the SaaS application that resembles the security of the data and information. This has also helped in enhancing the security of the data and information of the employees in the market (No et al., 2017). The centralized data format can be easily accessible by the employee anywhere in the state. This has helped in managing the human resource in different business organization in the market. The HR department of the companies gave helped in understanding the needs of the employees in the companies. Communication among the employees have enhanced with the implementation of the Shared approach in the DAS. As commented by Chu et al., (2017), the DAS has enabled the centralized format of data and information access to the employees and other staffs in the organization. The Australian government is able to provide a consolidated service to the employees of the companies by the use of the shared approach of the Department of Administrative Services. The framework for the security issues has been prepared to maintain the various vulnerabilities of the cloud security problems.
As commented by Palermo, (2017), the private data of the employee including the persona phone number, address and other personal information are stored in the cloud storage and the SaaS application. This information is used in the company for creating the account in the company. Therefore, the security of the personal data and information have to be maintained by the SaaS application. As mentioned by Carvalho & Rabechini Junior, (2015), the accountancy payroll and other financial information of the employee are maintained in the application that helps in smoothing the practice of data input. There are several risks involved in the SaaS application includes ensuring the data integrity and confidentiality. The personal data and privacy of the employee in the company have to be confidential and the data integrity have to be maintained in the organizational culture. As mentioned by Trigeorgis & Reuer (2017), various risks are involving in the SaaS application are condemned by the employee of the company. Various HTTP protocol helps in mitigating the integrity risk of the employee in the company. Therefore, proper control over the data and information in the database are not provided to the SaaS application. It causes breach in the data and causes several loss in the company.
As mentioned by Deresky, (2017), the DNS and Mac address of the SaaS application might be out looked by the hackers that causes hacking of the data and information of the employee in the company. This can be implemented in the cloud security server that secures the data and the database. Therefore, various resources over the internet are being tested in the following manner to ensure the vulnerability of the URL used during the amount of the data and information by the employee of the company in the market. As commented by Daspit et al., (2017), the DNS attack is one of the attacks that are faced in the cloud computing and its different deployment model in the market. The SaaS model can also be affected by the DNS attack. The DNS configuration of the company is hacked by the intruders and increased number intruders in the company. This can be dangerous for the company in order to loss the important data and information of the employee and other staffs of the company. As mentioned by Borja et al., (2017), the malicious users and employee can damage the database and breach all the data in the database. The external attackers can be effective for the security if the infrastructure of the company in the market. The data stored in the online server are monitored in order to maintain the security level of the data and information stored in the SaaS application. As mentioned by Carvalho & Rabechini Junior, (2015), the security of the data and information stored in the SaaS application is performed by the security protocols implemented in the SaaS application.
The government has provided the digital government identities to the employee of the company to input the data and information daily n the portal. Therefore, this can be stated I the following way that the use if the digital id has maintain the security risk in the company. As mentioned by Bryce, (2017), the department of administrative service has able to maintain the cloud computing in the company. The Digital identity of the employee is important for the authentication in the organization. They used to input the data using their digital identity card into the application. As mentioned by Carvalho & Rabechini Junior, (2015), the loss in the digital identity might cause a huge loss to the company. The risk management of the company have to analyses the digital identity card for making the data and information secure. Therefore, the digital identity of the employee can be hacked by the hackers and data and information can be breached by this. There is a huge risk with the digital identities in the cyber world.
As mentioned by Christopher et al., (2017), government helps user in making proper choices in the cloud providers for securing the data and information in the cloud server. The cloud service providers are not responsible for the data breach in the company the hacker’s targets the cloud server. The transparency level of the data and information stored in the cloud server including the SaaS application can be treated for the data centre of the company. As stated by Medina-González et al., (2017), the hackers can attack the data centre of the company and hacks all the data present in the data centre. Therefore, the digital identity card is at high risk. The company used to upload all the data of the employee at a fixed time. The hackers can track that time and attack the server as the DNS gateway is opened at that time. The intruders can access all the data and information in the data centre of the company. There are various personal information of the employees stored in the centralized database that are shared with different users in the organizations. The login credentials including user id and password are saved in the database that can be accessed by other employees in the organization.
As commented by Francesch-Huidobro et al., (2017), this can be quite dangerous for the user for accessing the profile of other employees in the organization. The malicious users and employee can damage the database and breach all the data in the database. The external attackers can be effective for the security if the infrastructure of the company in the market. The data stored in the online server are monitored in order to maintain the security level of the data and information stored in the SaaS application. The security of the data and information stored in the SaaS application is performed by the security protocols implemented in the SaaS application. As stated by McGregor & Smit, (2017), the DAS has enabled the centralized format of data and information access to the employees and other staffs in the organization. The Australian government is able to provide a consolidated service to the employees of the companies by the use of the shared approach of the Department of Administrative Services. The framework for the security issues has been prepared to maintain the various vulnerabilities of the cloud security problems.
The challenges listed in the report including the risks and security threats in the Australian government using the DAS. The use of the SaaS application have helped in providing a secure atmosphere for the data and information of employee in the organization. As commentd by Deresky, (2017), the use of the SaaS application have helped in improving the technology of the organization in the market. The COTS and Microsoft Share Point PaaS are providing services in the Australian government. These companies have helped to store the data and information of the companies in the cloud server that helps in securing it online. These SaaS providers are giving operational solution to the organization in the Australian government. The SaaS services includes the installation of software in the organization for better significance in the market. As mentioned by Carvalho & Rabechini Junior, (2015),The HR department and Contractor Management that helps in performing speculations n the risks management use these services. The risks and threats involved in the organization has been rectified in the scenario. The operational risk management in the organization involves processes in mitigating the risks in the organization (Kohnke, Sigler & Shoemaker, 2016). The operational solution includes the strategies to resolve the risks and security threats in the organization as mentioned earlier in the context.
The cyber security in the organization has been prioritized by the operational solution provided by the service providers. The two SaaS providers have been providing cloud services in different location in the state that helps in maintaining a cultural diversity in the organization. The cloud services provided by the application helps in storing the data and information of the employee in the cloud. As commented by Andersen & Roggi, (2016), there are various applications used in the cloud computing that helps in maintaining the security and privacy in the cloud services. The deployment models of the cloud computing are helpful in maintaining the privacy and security of the data and information in the cloud storage. The security protocol for different deployment model is different for different cases. The cloud service providers can properly maintain this in different ways that are rectified in the context.
Both the applications helps in mitigating the security threats and risks of the employee data in the organisation. As commented by Sibony, Lovallo & Powell, (2017), the collection of huge amount of data and information of the employees and other staffs of the company move to the cloud storage. The cloud storage helps in providing a large amount of storage online. Therefore, many companies are moving towards the cloud computing services. One of these services is Software as a Service (SaaS). This can be further illustrated in many ways by implementing the SaaS services in the context. The SaaS application provides a low cost of entry to the services in the company. The speed of the work in the organisation has been increased by the use of the SaaS application. As commented by Burke, (2013), the employee have to upload the data at a fixed time that helps in maintaining a proper record of the data and information of the employee in the cloud server. This helps in providing security to the data and information. The new services include separate account for the users that helps in keeping data and information secret in their personal account. The proper functioning of the cloud services in the organisation helps in storing the data and information in a safe place over the internet. As mentioned by Carvalho & Rabechini Junior, (2015), the initial cost of storing data has been reduced with the use of the deployment models of cloud. The stakeholders of the company have been relieved with the security measures of the cloud services in the market. Therefore, the cloud services have helped in prospering the operational functions of the organisation in the market. The operational structure in the company plays an important role in mitigating the risks involved in the organisation.
On the other hand, some limitation in the SaaS providers helps in increasing the security and threats in the organisation. As commented by Andersen & Roggi, (2016), these limitations includes the sharing of data and information in the cloud specific users. This causes data breach in the cloud server by the involvement of the unauthorised users. This has helped in managing the human resource in different business organization in the market. The HR department of the companies gave helped in understanding the needs of the employees in the companies. Communication among the employees have enhanced with the implementation of the Shared approach in the DAS. As mentioned by Christopher et al., (2017), the DAS has enabled the centralized format of data and information access to the employees and other staffs in the organization. The centralized format of the storage of data and information helps causes access by different users in the cloud. The data loss is one of the major problem in the organisation that has causes huge loss in the market. There are various causes of data loss including the data breach, technology fault and access to unauthorised users. These have caused many difficulties in maintaining the data and information of the employee. The Data Loss Program helps in recovering the data and information that has been lost and prevent the existing data and information from being lost. As commented by Burke, (2013), various laws and acts including the Data Protection Act 1998 that help in securing the personal data of the employee in the organisation. Under this act, the personal data of the employee is not shared with anyone without the permission of the employee. Therefore, this helps in preventing the personal data and information of the employee.
Conclusion
It can be concluded that the risk management is an integral part of an organisation. The security threats and risks are identified by the organisation. The DAS has helped in storing the data and information of the employee in the Australian Government. The use of the strategies by the DAS has helped in mitigating the risking data loss of the employee. Different security threats and risks has been discussed in the report that are prevailing in the DAS. The data and information of the employee is not safe on the DAS, as the Shared Approach has failed to maintain the security of the data. The HR department and personnel management has been affected by the data breach risk in the company. The financial funds and contractor management of the company has been facing the security threat of data in the company. Therefore, the DAS gas implemented the loud First approach that includes the use of the SaaS application. The SaaS application has helped in mitigating with the security risk of data and information of the employee in the company. The employee have to upload their data at a fixed time in the SaaS application that has helped in preventing the data. The use of the government digital ID has helped in maintaining a proper record of the data and information of the employee in the company. The employee have to input the data at a specific time for preventing the data breach in the system. The use of the SaaS application has helped in maintaining the record of the data and information of the employee. The use of the two SaaS providers have helped in mitigating with the security treats and risks involved in the cloud server. The Data Protection Act 1998 has helped in securing the personal data of the employee in an organisation. The data is not shared with anyone without the permission of the employee.
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