Discuss about the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology.
The issue chosen from the mental health, alcohol and drug abuse from an asset based assessment. The stakeholders have identified mental health as the most common factor invading the lives of residents. According to WHO (world Health Organization), 10 to 20 per cent children suffer from mental illness. This mental illness begins by the age of 14 and there is an increase in the rate by the mid-20s (World Health Organization, World Health Organization). Children with mental health disorder face stigma and isolation (1). The aim of this paper is to address the burning issue of mental health, alcohol and drug abuse among children and young adults and examine it through an asset-based assessment model. There are discussions on the role of the pertinent stakeholders and identification of the most appropriate consultation model through the relevant stakeholder group, in this case they are the mental health practitioners. The paper finally looks at the rainbow model and tries to take forward the argument in relation to the proposed model for mental health.
Consultation model: Collaborative interdependent model
|
Stakeholder group |
Reason for including stakeholder group in consultation |
Stakeholder analysis |
Level of engagement |
Consultation method |
||
|
Level of interest (high/ med/ low) |
Level of influence (high/ med/ low) |
Potential impact (high/ med/ low) |
||||
|
1. Health service providers |
They will bring their professional knowledge in the treatment of different types of patients suffering from severe mental health condition |
H |
H |
H |
H |
Contextual |
|
2. Informal carers |
This includes people who are associated with alternative systems of health. Involving them would facilitate in bringing new kind of therapeutic strategy in the addressing the issue. |
L |
L |
L |
M |
Quality circle |
|
3. Professional associations |
This includes the nurses, psychologists, psychiatrists, occupational therapists, general practitioners and the social workers. They have been trained and specialized to provide healthcare services. |
H |
H |
M |
M |
Focus group |
|
4. Academic institutions |
This includes those institutions that train the psychiatrists, nurses, psychologists, social workers, technicians and health professionals. |
M |
H |
H |
Face-to-face interaction and counselling |
|
|
5. Government agencies |
This will include the heads of government and ministries who are associated with internal affairs, trade and industry, finance, police, health, employment, education and environment. |
H |
M |
H |
Project implementation |
|
|
6. Family groups and consumers of health |
This includes the associations and representatives who are suffering from mental health issues. There may be advocacy organizations that put forth the interest of the groups. |
M |
L |
H |
Socialization |
It has been found that many victims of substance abuse belong to the disadvantaged sections of the society. It has also been found that there are young children who live with parents who are victims of alcohol abuse and drug violence. This makes the situational the more complicated considering that carers (2). The mental health professional would be able to identify the children who are suffering from mental health issue and formulate steps for early intervention. Consultation is important to mitigate the risk that may occur due to the overdrive in the mental health condition (3). Alcohol and drug abuse may lead children to become ardent consumers thus interfering with their family relationships, jeopardizing their health and posing constraints on their financial health (4). The appropriate method of consultation for the of children and young adults would be adopting the contextual understanding and context approach (5). This approach will be important in deciphering the importance of the environment of the young adult and the children along with that of family and community. The diagnosis cannot be done solely from a western perspective (6).
The consultation will be conducted through involving the families in the welfare of their children and alleviating their condition. The session plan for this purpose would be counseling the children twice every week for a period of three months. During the course of the session plan the children will be enquired that when did they resort to alcohol and drugs? Is it a peer-group pressure? From where did they get the money to source drug and alcohol? I would also be interested to understand whether they have become victims of substance abuse as a coping mechanism to deal other forms of violence in the family. During the course of the event, the parents need to be sensitized and the children should be dealt in a manner so that they do not feel they are being moral policed or stigmatized.
|
Stakeholder group: |
Mental health professionals |
|
Stakeholder group profile: (At least five key points describing the life circumstances of the group) |
· Belief that drug abuse and alcoholism can be cured with proper treatment · Institutionally trained individuals · Counselling and therapy · Orientation with the family to educate about the causes of mental health and substance abuse · Treatment though session plan and consultation model based on the requirement of the patient |
|
Consultation purpose: (What information or feedback do you want from the stakeholder group? What do you want to achieve from the consultation?) |
|
|
Consultation method: |
Contexualized |
|
Justification for consultation method selected: |
Will help in understanding the different biographies of children |
|
What time of day, and where, will it be held? |
It will be held in the conference hall of the city during the day time between 11 am to 4pm. |
|
How will you recruit stakeholders to the event? |
The stakeholders for the event will be recruited through first advertising followed by an one-on-interview |
|
Describe the session plan/ agenda? (How will you conduct the session? What will it include? |
The session plan for this purpose would be counselling the children twice every week for a period of three months. During the course of the event, the parents need to be sensitized and the children should be dealt in a manner so that they do not feel they are being moral policed or stigmatized. |
|
What types of questions will be asked/ or, what will be the themes of discussion? (Develop at least three key questions, including probes and prompts. Where the method selected requires participants to identify questions and/or themes, anticipate what these might be.) |
When did they resort to alcohol and drugs? Is it a peer-group pressure? From where did they get the money to source drug and alcohol? I would also be interested to understand whether they have become victims of substance abuse as a coping mechanism to deal other forms of violence in the family. |
The rainbow model of report is concerned with the seeking new directions through meeting self-transformational needs of the individuals. The aim of this model is to demonstrate the relationship between the different approaches to health and the entirety of development of life. According to Dahlgren-Whitehead inequalities in health are connected the socio-economic conditions (7). However, this living and working condition level allotted by the course coordinator for this purpose is not appropriate. It is because here it is the social and community networks that have influence on the children and adolescent’s substance abuse and mental health condition. A study conducted by Bambra et al (2010), found that there is an increasing risk in tackling the social determinants of health with the use of proper interventions. Studies have shown there is a link between substance abuse and severe mental health condition. The data sourced presents that there is systematic review of evidence about specific categories of intervention. The limitation of this secondary source is that it was a challenge to identify the significant systematic reviews by the author.
|
Citation |
Intervention(s) |
Summary of results |
|
Anderson et al17 |
“Social” changes (rent assistance so that low-income families can choose where to live, eg, public/private) |
Improvements in self-reported health status such as a decrease in depression; improvements in social outcomes including neighbourhood safety and social disorder. |
|
Acevedo-Garcia et al200418 |
“Social” changes (rent assistance so that low income families can choose where to live, eg, public/private) |
Improvements reported in terms of overall health, distress and anxiety, depression, problem drinking, substance abuse and exposure to violence. |
|
Chang et al19 |
“Environmental” changes (changes in the housing infrastructure to reduce risk of falls) |
NS reduction in “at least one fall” (adjusted risk ratio of 0.90 0.77 to 1.05). NS reduction in monthly rate of falling (adjusted incidence rate ratio 0.85 0.65 to 1.11). |
|
McClure et al20 |
“Environmental” changes (changes in the housing infrastructure to reduce risk of falls) |
Significant decreases in some types of fall-related injuries (relative reduction in fall related injuries ranging from 6% to 33%). |
|
Nilsen21 |
“Environmental” changes (changes in the housing infrastructure to reduce injuries) |
Two studies reported decreases in certain injuries but most of the studies found no decline in rates of any kind of injury. |
|
Thomson et al22 |
“Environmental” changes (rehousing, renovation, updating) |
Mixed effects on self-reported mental and/or physical health with some studies reporting small improvements and others small negative effects. Improvements found in social outcomes such as perceptions of crime. |
|
Saegert et al23 |
“Environmental” changes (rehousing, renovation, updating) |
49/72 studies reported a significant improvement in health. |
|
Thomson et al25 |
Area-based urban regeneration |
Impact of interventions was highly variable with some studies reporting improvements (in mortality), whereas others found deteriorations (in self-reported health). |
|
Hahn et al24 |
Area-based firearms restrictions |
Findings were inconsistent with some studies reporting reductions in homicides and suicides, whereas others reported increases. |
Conclusion
Therefore, it can be understood that children with mental health and substance abuse issues should be treated by the mental health professional who are trained in the field. A collaborative interdependent model needs to be adopted involving the community especially the parents and identify the incidences of family issues that may contribute substance abuse and mental health disorder.
References and bibliography
Perou R, Bitsko RH, Blumberg SJ, Pastor P, Ghandour RM, Gfroerer JC, Hedden SL, Crosby AE, Visser SN, Schieve LA, Parks SE. Mental health surveillance among children—United States, 2005–2011. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2013 May 17;62(Suppl 2):1-35.
Becker AE, Kleinman A. Mental health and the global agenda. New England Journal of Medicine. 2013 Jul 4;369(1):66-73.
Keyes CL. Mental illness and/or mental health? Investigating axioms of the complete state model of health. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 2005 Jun;73(3):539.
Ferguson E. Personality is of central concern to understand health: towards a theoretical model for health psychology. Health Psychology Review. 2013 May 1;7(sup1):S32-70.
King E. What are asset-based approaches to care and support? [Internet]. the Guardian. 2018 [cited 18 April 2018]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/social-care-network/2017/oct/06/asset-based-approaches-care-support-explainer
Tambuyzer E, Pieters G, Van Audenhove C. Patient involvement in mental health care: one size does not fit all. Health Expectations. 2014 Feb 1;17(1):138-50.
Herrenkohl TI, Hong S, Klika JB, Herrenkohl RC, Russo MJ. Developmental impacts of child abuse and neglect related to adult mental health, substance use, and physical health. Journal of family violence. 2013 Feb 1;28(2):191-9.
Bambra C, Gibson M, Amanda S, Wright K, Whitehead M, Petticrew M. Tackling the wider social determinants of health and health inequalities: evidence from systematic reviews. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health. 2009 Jan 1:jech-2008.
Slade M, Amering M, Farkas M, Hamilton B, O’Hagan M, Panther G, Perkins R, Shepherd G, Tse S, Whitley R. Uses and abuses of recovery: implementing recovery?oriented practices in mental health systems. World Psychiatry. 2014 Feb 1;13(1):12-20.
World Health Organization, World Health Organization. Management of Substance Abuse Unit. Global status report on alcohol and health, 2014. World Health Organization; 2014.
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